Research on collaborative governance, polycentric governance, and policy networks share the hypothesis that policy networks emerge to solve collective-action problems across multiple levels of geographic scale. Collective-action problems range in severity, depending on the outcomes actors experience when they fail to cooperate. Severe collective-action problems pose environmental risks. Policy networks provide social capital in the form of information and trust-based relationships, which enable involved actors to learn and cooperate to address environmental risks. This paper argues that policy networks in polycentric governance systems are “scale dependent” in both structure and function. Local-level networks being more responsive to environmental risk than regional-level networks. Policy network structure depends on levels of geographic scale, and multi-scale networks have more structural features that support cooperation. Drawing from a stakeholder survey in the context of sea-level rise and climate adaptation networks in San Francisco Bay, the results of social network analysis support the hypotheses.

順應科技進步，AI的應用無所不在，尤其AI應用於醫療領域更是產業熱潮。但醫療除了涉及到人的健康以及生命，也特別注重醫病互動關係與人的核心價值。因此無論醫藥科技如何進步，倫理一直是醫療體系最重視的上位前提，才逐漸發展為法律的規定。本次演講將藉由醫療領域AI發展所重視的倫理原則及法律規定出發，提醒聽者在討論AI應用於人類生活中的各項事務時，除了科技發展之外，還需重視以人為本的價值。 

政治任命是民主政治運作中的常態，透過選舉產生的政府首長，被法律賦予權力得以自由任命下屬機關的首長以及重要政府官員。不同於公務人員是通過國家考試予以任命，政治任命的官員往往基於政治上的考量，尤其著重在被任命者是否在政黨色彩上與任命者相一致或相近。正因為如此，政治任命的官員有時被認為專業能力不足而受到詬病，更嚴重者則被批評為是政治酬庸。這或許並不令人意外，因為過去研究已明白指出，政治任命的官員在總統政策的執行上扮演著關鍵性的角色(Golden 2000; Wood 1988; Wood and Marchbanks 2008)。因此，民選首長在思考政治任命的人選時，專業能力或許並非其優先考慮的因素，而是偏好能夠效忠她和真正落實其命令和政策的人選。簡言之，民選首長傾向從同黨派的人士中挑選政治任命的官員(Geddes 1994; Kopecký et al. 2012)。雖然從執政者的角度來看，能夠聽令辦事比其他因素都來得重要，但是就ㄧ般民眾而言，任命具有專業能力、能夠解決國家和社會問題的人選或許更加重要。鑒於過去有關政治任命的研究鮮少從民眾的角度切入，因此本研究旨在透過聯合調查實驗設計來了解民眾對於政治任命的看法以及探討民眾認為執政者在進行政治任命時應該考量的因素為何。 

開放政府 (Open Government) 之政策倡議，自歐巴馬政府時期即普遍於美國各級政府實施，並推廣至世界其他國家。其著重使用通訊科技推動政府透明(transparency)、公民參與 (participation)、和公私合作 (collaboration)之特色，已儼然形塑出新型態的治理體系 (governance model)。然而，於開放政府倡議持續拓展的同時，學術社群對於其如何影響當代民主治理架構以及公民政治參與的問題仍未產生共識。基此，本次的研究分享將採取治理之理論架構，分別探究宏觀(macro)、中觀 (meso)、與微觀(micro)三大層次問題: (1) 作為治理體系的一種，開放政府之政策倡議如何進行概念化 (conceptualization)? (2) 推動實踐開放政府之治理體系的需求 (demand)及供給(supply)性因素分別為何? (3) 開放政府治理體系對於公民參與之個人行為影響為何?

What are patterns, outcomes, and factors emerging from the urban environmental sustainability actions? To what extent do the conditions of action arenas facilitate urban environmental actions? In this research, the community-level public space named ‘neighbourhood activity centres’ in Taipei City is observed and investigated. Besides the field observation effort, a data set is established with the combination of subjective and objective data sources collected from a questionnaire investigation (255 units of observations) and the governmental open data systems. After employing ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, the author concludes that environmental friendly facilities (such as aquaponics systems), environmental tendency of the communities, exhibition of policies or regulations and action networks among participants, could facilitate the outcomes of urban environmental sustainability movement. However, the diversity among the participants negatively affects the relationships between some external factors and action outcomes. The divergence in actor preference increases the required transaction costs in the consensus process due to time-consuming communication and compromise. This study thus proposes recommendations, such as benchmark Lis and neighbourhood associations, as policy application that could enhance municipal implementation of sustainability policies.

透過操縱自變數和控制其他變數，實驗方法能夠提升研究的內在效度，因此近來受到公共行政學界的廣泛應用；而複製研究通過使用被複製研究的原始數據或使用新的數據，測試先前研究的邊界條件，來確認或是提供證據修正已知的發現。二者的結合為知識的創新與累積提供新的契機和管道。講者作為SSCI《公共行政》期刊的副主編以及作者，將分享其實作經驗，具體說明為何及如何複製公共行政中的實驗研究。