R11119: Isola Sacra, Rome

Roman Imperial Era
M406>FGC5089>FGC5081>Y2724>Z17887>Y44432*

Isola Sacra, Italy.  Roman coastal suburb.

Necropolis of Isola Sacra: "Three adult males (11109-SCR 617, 11116-SCR 174, 11119-SCR 303) and one 16 to 18-year-old male (11112-SCR 138) are likely born elsewhere and can be considered immigrants."

Sample_id: R11119
Gender: M
Age: Adult
Date: 1 CE - 400 CE
Date Inference: ARCH
Burial_id: Isola Sacra_SCR303
YSNP: Y44432
mtDNA: T2c1a
Global25: ITA_Isola_Sacra:R11119__AD_200__Cov_58.08%,0.100164,0.141159,-0.043746,-0.063954,-0.022158,-0.015897,-0.00376,-0.008307,-0.013908,-0.00164,0.001299,0.002997,-0.004608,-0.003716,-0.008007,-0.002519,0.001956,0.003041,0.004777,-0.003502,-0.008485,0.000495,-0.005546,0.003735,-0.005508

This sample was published in the paper Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility from  Antonio, et al. (2022).  The paper suggests that despite many documented movements of people and trade as well as the ability of individuals to be highly mobile, the European population was relatively stable throughout the Iron Age.  The authors found that "Around 8% of historical individuals carry ancestry uncommon in the region where they were sampled,"  They describe the movement of people in the Mediterranean during this period of time as short periods as a "transient dispersal" or many short-lived migrations of people throughout the region.

Excerpt from the Supplemental File: "The necropolis of Isola Sacra, located approximately 23 km southwest of Rome, was used by the inhabitants of Portus Romae. Developed during the Roman imperial time, Portus was a key trading center for Rome; through its docks, any kinds of goods from the farthest provinces of the Empire arrived in the capital. Isola Sacra extends approximately 1.5 km along the road between Ostia and Portus Romae, and comprises diverse burial structures, ranging from simple interments in sand to monumental tombs, dated between the 1st to the 3rd centuries AD. The inhabitants of Portus were middle-class administrators, traders, merchants, and sea workers often descended from slaves (Garnsey 1999). The excavation campaigns yielded over 2000 individuals that are currently stored at the Museo delle Civiltà in Rome. Most of the remains come from the so-called “fields of poor people”."

From Wikipedia:
"A great number of the inscriptions on the tombs suggest Graeco-Oriental origin. Scholars believe this is because Portus and Ostica were a cosmopolitan towns where the bourgeois population was full of businessmen of non-Italian birth.[4] Latin, however, was the language that most townspeople used during the time that the necropolis was built. Nonetheless, the presence of Graeco-Oriental inscriptions, along with Isola Sacra tombs that resembled Hellenistic tombs of Petra, suggests Roman naturalization of foreign influence, which was prominent in the Empire."

Video of the Necropolis from Britannica:
https://www.britannica.com/video/187680/video-tour-Isola-Sacra-Roman-Italy-Fiumicino

Ostia-Antica.org: Individual SCR303

Archaeological label : S16 sep. capp. 12

Date: 15/02/89

Age Macro: 30-40

Tooth: LRP3

Eruption age: 9-12

Further detail from Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility from  Antonio, et al. (2022): 

"At least 8% of historical individuals are ancestry outliers. The high regional genetic heterogeneity with long range, cross-regional similarities suggests historical populations were highly mobile. We therefore sought to quantify the amount of movement during the historical period by estimating the proportion of individuals who are ancestry outliers with respect to all individuals found in the same region. We considered an individual an outlier if they belonged to an ancestry cluster that is underrepresented (less than 5%, or fewer than 2 individuals) within their sampling region from the Bronze Age up to present-day. To focus on first-generation migrants as well as long-range movements, we further identified outlier individuals who can be modeled as 100% of another ancestry cluster found in a different region (henceforth “outliers with source”). When there were multiple valid one-component models, we performed model competition to identify the best source.

In total, we identified 8% of individuals as outliers with source (Figure 5A). Of the valid sources for these outliers, we selected only clusters that were non-outliers within their own regions, and created a network to illustrate movements between outliers and source locations (Figure 5C). This network reveals the interconnectedness of Europe and the Mediterranean during the historical period. For example, as discussed above, the Armenian population is quite homogeneous (Figure 2). Unsurprisingly, no outliers were found within Armenia; however, we found outlier individuals in the Levant, Italy, and North Africa who can be putatively traced back to Armenia according to their ancestry (Figure 5C; blue outgoing arrows from Armenia). In contrast, the heterogeneous population in Italy connects it to many other regions, with bi-directional movement in most cases. In North Africa, outliers found in Iron Age Tunisia (Moots et al., 2022) indicate movements from many regions in Europe, and reciprocal North African-like outliers were found in Italy and Austria (Western Europe). North African ancestry in Italy is supported by a single previously reported individual from the Imperial Roman period (R132) (Antonio et al., 2019). Similar North African ancestry in Western Europe is supported by a single individual, R10667, from Wels, Austria, a site located on the frontier of the Roman Empire (C18 in Figure 4). This individual from Austria can be modeled using Canary Islander individuals from the Medieval Ages or an Iron Age outlier (distinguished by having more sub-Saharan ancestry) from Kerkouane, a Punic city near Carthage in modern-day Tunisia."