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muscles function better for longer movements. • Diminished muscle mass is common in the geriatric population as muscle mass loss reduces overall strength and contributes to fatigability References Begley, T., Blair, V., Clarke, S., Collins, A., Davis, P., & al., e. (2014). Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing: An evidence-based approach to musculoskeletal care. (S. C. Santy-Tomlinson, Ed.) West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Page 13 of 196 The Neurovascular System Neurovascular is the structure and function of the vascular and nervous systems combined. It is a standard for any patient with a musculoskeletal injury or surgery to receive a neurovascular assessment. CMS is a mnemonic of the components of the neurovascular exam used by nursing staff to that stands for Circulation, Motion, and Sensation. One additional part of the examination includes the assessment of deep tendon reflexes or superficial reflexes (Bergeron, et al., 2018). Monitoring neurovascular status is vital in preventing both acute and long-term debilitating outcomes caused by neurovascular deterioration or compromise. Delay in identifying neurovascular compromise can lead to loss of a limb, permanent deficits, and can even be fatal. Outcome can be dependent on a number of factors such as the location of the injury, the time between the injury and evaluation, and the mechanism of injury. Characteristics of compromise include change in colour, sensation, temperature or movement, pulses, motor or sensory innervation or pain.