Etica applicata

INTRO + PROVOCATION: moral test

• SPAZIOETICO - Introduzione ai dilemmi morali: https://spazioetico.com/2020/10/08/la-formazione-con-i-dilemmi-etici/ (focus su ambito professionale)

• PRO/VERSI - dibattere di argomenti etici: https://www.proversi.it/discussioni/categorie/6/etica-e-religione 

• Moral Sense Test  http://www.moralsensetest.com/experiment/originaldilemmas.html 

• Morality play (Philosophical Experiment) - 19 moral scenarios: http://www.philosophyexperiments.com/moralityplay/Default.aspx da fare assieme, chiedendo a ognuno perchè sceglie quello che sceglie, in base a cosa, e decidendo infine con voto a maggioranza 

SCENARIO

Esistono vari approcci e visioni generali (teorie) su cosa sia bene, giusto, virtuoso.
Intro exercise: what are the fundamental moral questions and issues?

PROBLEM SHAPING: how to decide?

Come posso orientarmi, costruirmi una mappa per decidere cosa è giusto/bene?

• "What is a moral decision?" v. Study.com https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-moral-decision-definition-examples-quiz.html 

• CLIL eBook "Jones, Gerald; Hayward, Jeremy; Cardinal, Dan. AQA A2 Philosophy - Hodder Education. Edizione del Kindle" 1.1 Ethical theories: How do we decide what it is morally right to do?  -  sub-section 1.1.1 Utilitarianism  +  sub-section 1.1.2 Kantian deontological ethics

Si può calcolare la ricaduta positiva/negativa delle nostre scelte? Oppure ho di doveri assoluti da compiere indipendentemente da intenzioni, conseguenze, interessi e sentimenti?

Task: Mettiamoci alla prova scegliendo in base a criteri utilitaristici o doveristici rispetto al dilemma "Nick Cave nel vecchio west" https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bze6qWGzKSjTbWRIWUVMblAtNms/view?resourcekey=0-ZmC9fayphMQxIymhc7dOLw 

CLIL video and questions

• UTILITARISMO: video-lessonplan Kahn Academy "Ethics: Utilitarianism" https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/wi-phi/wiphi-value-theory/wiphi-ethics/v/utilitarianism-part-1 Part 1+2+3 (MIT University) - 10 min a video; short video Ethics unwrapped "Utilitarianism" https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary/utilitarianism 

• KANTISMO: slide sull'etica del dovere e della giustizia kantiana: Prezi su quadro delle tre Critiche https://prezi.com/9ihe5h3uwv5w/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy&rc=ex0share solo CRPratica da slide 27 a  43

CHECK !  mettiamoci alla prova scrivendo breve argomentazione (esercitazione per Maturità) su problematiche inerenti i tre principi menzionati, con riferimento ai tre pensatori esaminati, con particolare riferimento a casi storici e di critica sociale del Novecento, es. problematiche relative a utilizzo di tv e cellulare nei giovani, questioni iSideWith, questioni da Global Perspectives A-level, lotta per i diritti civili dei neri, campagne per pari opportunità, movimento LGBT ecc. Cfr. anche serbatorio temi da Olimpiadi filosofia o Romanae Disputationes o A Suon di Parole.

Moral cases repository:

A. Ethics unwrapped: glossary, video, cases about ethics https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/case-studies, in particolare gli scenari:

• Healthcare Obligations: Personal vs. Institutional  http://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/8-Healthcare-Obligations-Personal-vs.-Institutional.pdf 
• Prenatal Diagnosis & Parental Choice http://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/47-Prenatal-Diagnosis-Parental-Choice.pdf
• Responding to Child Migration  http://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/42-Responding-to-Child-Migration.pdf
• The FBI & Apple: Security vs. Privacy  http://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/21-The-FBI-Apple-Security-vs.-Privacy.pdf
• Welfare Reform  http://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/41-Welfare-Reform.pdf
• Edward Snowden: Traitor or Hero?  http://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/38-Edward-Snowden-Traitor-or-Hero.pdf
• Ebola & American Intervention http://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/32-Ebola-American-Intervention.pdf 
• Freedom of Speech on Campus https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/55-Freedom-of-Speech-on-Campus.pdf 
• Freedom vs. Duty in Clinical Social Work  http://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/29-Freedom-vs.-Duty-in-Clinical-Social-Work.pdf  

B. Goodcarachter: analyse a scenario using the "Moral decision map" above; then take a side, find reasons of your choice, argue and counter-argue (practice of critical thinking) in http://www.goodcharacter.com/dilemma/archive.html , in particolare gli scenari:

C. Altre risorse: taking side and justifying your decision: in pairs, consider each of the moral dilemmas outlined, make your choice and add your reason why

• • • https://www.buzzfeed.com/tracyclayton/moral-dilemmas-that-will-break-your-brain?utm_term=.inV60K3P0#.by65bry8b
    • https://examples.yourdictionary.com/ethical-dilemma-examples.html
    • ulteriori dilemmi: in activities & decisions, v. Manuale CLIL "AQA A2 Moral Philosophy" su Kindle - sub-sezioni "Applying utilitarianism + kantian ethics" + in pdf su dilemmi kantiani https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bze6qWGzKSjTampyclR1ZzVMeTA/view?usp=sharing 

1. What would you do in each situation?   > ACTION
2. How did you reach your conclusions?  > REFLECTION
3. Why did you make that choice?           > JUSTIFICATION
4. Did your partner agree with you?     > AGREEMENT

Nuovi dilemmi aperti dalle nuove possibilità offerte dallo sviluppo scientifico-tecnologico e/o dall'evoluzione culturale e sociale (idee, diritti, regole ecc.).

Step di azione-riflessione:

• • • • 1. What would you do in each situation?   > ACTION

        2. How did you reach your conclusions?  > REFLECTION

        3. Why did you make that choice?           > JUSTIFICATION

        4. Did your partner agree with you?     > AGREEMENT

Warming-up: scegliere dalla list of dilemmas https://www.thoughtco.com/debate-topics-for-high-school-8252 

PROVOCATION: 

• polarizzazioni e role-playing, v. doc qui sotto a dx "Sentenze estreme"

• gioco del dittatore: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gioco_dell%27ultimatum e https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictator_game 

• Moral Decision Making v. moral cases studies in  https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/video/best-self-part-2-moral-decision-making and scenarios in https://studylib.net/doc/7060138/moral-decision-making-scenarios and dilemmas in https://listverse.com/2011/04/18/10-more-moral-dilemmas/ 

ACTIVITY 1: reacting to provoking moral situations (taking sides)

• Schieramenti: https://www.buzzfeed.com/tracyclayton/moral-dilemmas-that-will-break-your-brain?utm_term=.inV60K3P0#.by65bry8b e prima parte della scheda sotto sui Dilemmi; morali  oppure scelte di campo: https://www.isidewith.com/it/ e parte italiana https://www.isidewith.com/it/ 

• Sociogramma etico: scelta del compagno "moralmente migliore" - Mentimeter https://www.mentimeter.com/s/bd0c6a3991ad507f0fd181af03676b28/67d668cbc0ba   

ACTIVITY 2: moral debates (taking sides)

• Debates su temi etici: https://www.proversi.it/discussioni/categorie/6/etica-e-religione in partic Biotestamento, Aborto, Eutanasia, Determinismo genetico su etica

• dilemmi morali kantiani, v. pdf qui sotto a sin

• 4 dilemmi: https://it.yestherapyhelps.com/ethical-dilemmas-what-are-they-types-and-4-examples-that-will-make-you-think-14215 

• moral cases: cfr. Ethics unwrapped: glossary, video, cases about ethics https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/case-studies 

• taking side and justifying your decision: in pairs, consider each of the moral dilemmas outlined on https://www.buzzfeed.com/tracyclayton/moral-dilemmas-that-will-break-your-brain?utm_term=.inV60K3P0#.by65bry8b , make your choice and add your reason why:  

  • • • 1. What would you do in each situation?   > ACTION

        2. How did you reach your conclusions?  > REFLECTION

        3. Why did you make that choice?           > JUSTIFICATION

        4. Did your partner agree with you?     > AGREEMENT

• case analysis about moral dilemmas: analyse a scenario using the "Moral decision map" above; then take a side, find reasons of you choice, argue and counterargue (practice of critical thinking): 

• • • • https://examples.yourdictionary.com/ethical-dilemma-examples.html 

      • http://www.goodcharacter.com/dilemma/archive.html 

• activities & decisions, v. Manuale CLIL "AQA A2 Moral Philosophy" su Kindle - sub-sezioni "Applying utilitarianism + kantian ethics"

Studia e sperimenta in queste risorse:

• TED-Ed e WEF: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RzkD_rTEBYs e https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/01/artificial-intelligence-stuart-russell-radio-davos e infografica https://intelligence.weforum.org/topics/a1Gb0000000pTDREA2?tab=publications 

• Open AI: scrittura da intelligenza artificiale https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/ in https://openai.com/ 

• Google AI Experiments: https://experiments.withgoogle.com/collection/ai 

Poi riflettiamo assieme: quali scenari apre per l'etica l'imporsi dell'Intelligenza Artificiale? perché comunque, e ancora di più, conta la problematizzazione morale di fronte a scenari di automatizzazione progressiva dilagante? dove staranno i problemi?
Cfr. "Ethical guidelines on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and data in teaching and learning for educators" e curriculum in cartella "Etica e AI" https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mCGjHaS1D0KSnVloRqalpnYaM4kVQL5Q?usp=share_link 

Es. di applicazioni, nei video sottostanti in ambito creativo e della guida autonoma https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPo6bby-Fcg 

Analisi casi morali:

• • • "Ethics & Tech": v. due schede sotto https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bze6qWGzKSjTMEljUEp6ZENwcVE/view?resourcekey=0-5cTFKp_uuMO9F0pJIhz8KQ e https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bze6qWGzKSjTSEdjMFJ1YUQxZlE/view?resourcekey=0-zOm-aSSDpQ82cstNe8TzvQ 

    • MIT Moral Machine: http://moralmachine.mit.edu/ 

    • potenziamento umano: v. scheda sotto "moral enhancement" + sezione su Nietzsche e studio di articolo Lucia Galvagni https://drive.google.com/open?id=0Bze6qWGzKSjTRzJiTUZoTWZjT2M 

    • selezione umana: v. esperimenti umani https://drive.google.com/open?id=0Bze6qWGzKSjTTHh1WnM4bmdPWXc + caso ospedale di Saronno https://drive.google.com/open?id=0Bze6qWGzKSjTdjJMeEJPeTh4MVU 

    • ingegneria genetica "Babies Design": v. video-cartoon sotto e TED talk https://www.ted.com/talks/paul_knoepfler_the_ethical_dilemma_of_designer_babies 

    • casi sportivi dilemmatici rispetto a genere: la "mascolina" Caster Semenya https://www.ultimouomo.com/caster-semenya-transfobia-regole/ e https://www.ilpost.it/2023/07/11/sentenza-corte-europea-caso-semenya-discriminazioni/ o la transgender Valentina Petrillo https://www.rollingstone.it/politica/diritti/il-caso-valentina-petrillo-e-le-polemiche-sulle-persone-transgender-nello-sport/769526/ 

    • primo caso eutanasia minorile: https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2016/09/17/news/belgio_primo_caso_al_mondo_di_eutanasia_su_un_bambino-147947525/ 

    • caso Dj Fabo o Eluana Englaro, v. slide sotto

Approfondimenti:

• la Roboetica: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roboetica e libretto http://www.portalefilosofico.com/portale/roboetica.pdf (cfr. in https://www.scuoladirobotica.it/roboetica-tra-tecnologie-robotica-e-societa/)

• EU linee etiche per AI: https://education.ec.europa.eu/news/ethical-guidelines-on-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-and-data-in-teaching-and-learning-for-educators 

Analisi casi:

• • • dilemma del "corpo di Semeya": caso atleta ermafrodita https://drive.google.com/open?id=1xzNosr9cRCeQg5X5hEvPWZmohgQHD9ey 

    • adozione figli da coppie gay: v. articolo Adige https://drive.google.com/open?id=0Bze6qWGzKSjTSnNrOTQwRnR3eVU 

    • dilemma "genitorialità e sessualità": v. doc sotto su transgender e figli

    • dilemma su libertà di scelta: v. video BBC sotto e problemi legati a Neuroscienze della decisione

Analisi casi:

• • • provocation: "Libet experiment" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjCt-L0Ph5o Freedom as illusion?

    • dilemma "Lone Survivor": v. scheda sotto

    • MIT My Goodness: gioco su donazione-charity-ong https://mygoodness.mit.edu/ 

Analisi casi:

• • • dilemma: v. scheda sotto

    • MIT Deep Moji: contributo su https://deepmoji.mit.edu/ 

• • • Kohlberg’s 6 Stages of Moral Development https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bounwXLkme4 

    • 8 Stadi di sviluppo da Erik Erikson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYCBdZLCDBQ 

Task: scegliete un film e fare una "recensione filosofica" su identità, memoria, percezione:

•  Il cavaliere oscuro, https://www.mymovies.it/film/2008/ilcavaliereoscuro/  

• Amistad, https://www.mymovies.it/film/1997/amistad/ 

• Philadelphia, https://www.mymovies.it/film/1993/philadelphia/ 

• 12 anni schiavo, https://www.mymovies.it/film/2013/12yearsaslave/ 

• Le ali della libertà, https://www.mymovies.it/dizionario/recensione.asp?id=707 

• Una settimana da Dio, https://www.mymovies.it/film/2003/unasettimanadadio/ 

• Yes Man, https://www.mymovies.it/film/2008/yesman/ 

Altro da lista IMDB: https://www.imdb.com/list/ls055675732/