EXTRACTING DNA
from a Fruit
Embedded Files
INTRODUCTION:
INTRODUCTION:
All living things have DNA. This hands-on activity will enable you to extract DNA from fruit, such as strawberries, using everyday household items. DNA is found inside the cells of all living things. In animals, plants and fungi most of the DNA is found inside the nucleus, the information center of the cell. (Cytol 2019). This activity will enable students to extract DNA from fruit using basic household ingredients such as dishwashing liquid, salt and vodka or ethyl alcohol. Students will be using essentially the same chemicals and processes that are used when DNA is extracted in the experiment.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
How is DNA detected after the experimentation?
Do you think that the sample you have prepared is “pure DNA”?
What is the difference between using ethyl alcohol and vodka?
MATERIALS AND QUANTITIES:
MATERIALS AND QUANTITIES:
TABLE 1: Materials which are required for the experiment.
TABLE 1: Materials which are required for the experiment.
Basically, the resources as well as required equipment are really not complicated to get or use because the ingredients but also materials are commonly accessible, rendering the experimentation practical for anyone eager on attempting it.
TABLE 1.2: The Actual Preparations.
TABLE 1.2: The Actual Preparations.
EXPERIMENTAL PREPARATION:
EXPERIMENTAL PREPARATION:
Before commencement, the researcher prepared in an apron as well as gloves to remove impurities and staining from leaving the experimental area. Secondly, the researchers gathered the rack for test tube containers that would be used as storage for the final results. The fruits strawberry and Kiwi will be the main sample for this experiment. Also, the researcher used the strainer to strain the juice out of the fruit. Using the other materials like combining the dishwashing soap, salt, and water to make the first solution for the experiment. Vodka and ethyl alcohol will be used as a second solution after applying the first mixture of the solution. Furthermore, to measure both of the ethyl and vodka, the researcher used a 5 cc syringe that is perfect for the exact same measurement that the researcher will more likely need for the experimentation. The researcher also measured the other components that are used throughout the experimentation. After the measurements, the researcher used a stainless stick to stir the samples in different solutions for about 2 mins. Lastly, the researcher observes the whole experiment and examines the changes on each of the said samples on different solutions.
PROCEDURES:
PROCEDURES:
FIGURE 1: Juice Extraction from a fruit.
FIGURE 1: Juice Extraction from a fruit.
FIGURE 1.2: The First Mixture.
FIGURE 1.2: The First Mixture.
FIGURE 1.3: Transferring.
FIGURE 1.3: Transferring.
FIGURE 1.4: Using the Vodka Solution.
FIGURE 1.4: Using the Vodka Solution.
FIGURE 1.4: Using the Ethyl Alcohol Solution.
FIGURE 1.4: Using the Ethyl Alcohol Solution.
RESULTS:
RESULTS:
FIGURE 2: Identifying the Presence of DNA.
FIGURE 2: Identifying the Presence of DNA.
FIGURE 2: The Actual-Set Up.
FIGURE 2: The Actual-Set Up.
The Overall Preparations.
Before smashing the juice of each fruit.
After smashing the juice of each fruit.
The Mixture of dishwashing soap, salt, and water.
FIGURE 2.2: The After Results.
FIGURE 2.2: The After Results.
Vodka Mixture
Vodka Mixture
This shows the presence of DNA using Vodka solutions.
Overall Results of both mixture.
Overall Results of both mixture.
Both of the mixture from vodka and ethyl alcohol were detected the presence of DNA from the fruits.
Ethyl Alcohol Mixture
Ethyl Alcohol Mixture
This shows the presence of DNA using ethyl alcohol solutions.
DISCUSSION:
DISCUSSION:
The aim of this experiment is to understand the important principles behind this step, it is not essential to do this experiment at this stage or, in fact, at all. The lengthy, dense fibers you remove from the sample solutions are real fruit DNA strands. DNA, as you would understand, is found in every cell of all plants and animals and determines all of the individual's genes features. (MedlinePlus date unknown). The DNA of both of the fruit samples were indeed detected after the experimentation. During preparation, mixing the ingredients makes a solution that will break down the fruit cells and release the DNA. During lysis, the cells that make up the fruit are being burst open by the prepared solution leading to the DNA being released into the liquid. During precipitation, alcohol is used to bring the DNA out of solution and appears as a gloopy solid which can then be collected. (Study.com date unknown). The researcher's observation throughout the experimentation is that when the researcher added the salt and detergent mixture to both smashed strawberries and kiwi, the detergent helped lyse the strawberry cells, releasing the DNA into solution, whereas the salt helped create an environment where the different DNA strands could gather and clump, making it easier for the researcher to see them. (When the researcher added the salt and detergent mixture, it probably mostly just saw more bubbles form in the bag because of the detergent.) After the researcher added the cold rubbing alcohol to the filtered strawberry liquid and kiwi liquid, the alcohol should have precipitated the DNA out of the liquid while the rest of the liquid remained in the solution. Alternatively, when the researcher added a vodka to the mixture, it also and does detect that the DNA exists from both of the fruit samples. Throughout the experiment, the researcher saw the white/clear gooey DNA strands in both ethyl alcohol and vodka layers as well as between the two layers. A single strand of DNA clumped in this activity that the researcher were able to see just how much of a fruit samples have when all of their octoploid cells which combined.
CONCLUSION:
CONCLUSION:
Overall, When an ice-cold alcohol is added to a solution of DNA, the DNA precipitates out of solution. If there is enough DNA in the solution, you will see a stringy white mass. (ScienceLearningHub date unknown). The ethyl alcohol mixture did detect the presence of dna within the two samples throughout the experiment. Meanwhile, the vodka solution did also detect the presence of the two samples, the fact it just does not seem to be clear compared to the ethyl solution. During a DNA extraction, a detergent will cause the cell to pop open, or lyse, so that the DNA is released into solution. Then alcohol added to the solution causes the DNA to precipitate out. (Science Buddies 2013). The main role of monovalent cations and ethanol is to eliminate the solvation shell that surrounds the DNA, thus allowing the DNA to precipitate in pellet form. Additionally, ethanol helps to promote DNA aggregation. Usually, about 70 percent of ethanol solution is used during the DNA washing steps. (Bioquest 2020).
REFERENCES:
REFERENCES:
Cytol J. [Internet]. 2019. DNA Extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction. [Updated: 2019,cited: 2022, Jan. 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6425773/#:~:text=DNA%20extraction%20is%20a%20method,isolation%20for%20the%20first%20time.
MedlinePlus. [Internet]. Date unknown. What is DNA? [Updated: date unknown, cited: 2022, Jan. 25]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/dna
Study.com [Internet]. Date unknown. In order, what are the 4 steps necessary to extract DNA?[Updated: date unknown, cited: 2022, Jan. 25]. Available from:https://study.com/academy/answer/in-order-what-are-the-4-steps-necessary-to-extract-dna.html
ScienceLearningHub. [Internet]. Date unknown. DNA extraction. [Updated: date unknown, cited: 2022, Jan. 25]. Available from: https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2036-dna-extraction
Science Buddies. [Internet]. 2013. Squishy Science: Extract DNA from Smashed Strawberries. [Updated: 2013, Jan. 13]. Available from: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/squishy-science-extract-dna-from-smashed-strawberries/
Bioquest. [Internet]. 2020. Why is ethanol used in DNA extraction? [Updated: 2020, Jan. 22]. Available from: https://www.aatbio.com/resources/faq-frequently-asked-questions/Why-is-ethanol-used-in-DNA-extraction
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