Embedded Files
Functions
Functions
Ingestion
Motility
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination
Key Anatomical Components
Key Anatomical Components
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestines
Large Intestines
Rectum & Anus
Mechanical vs Chemical Digestion
Mechanical vs Chemical Digestion
Digestive Tract Breakdown
Digestive Tract Breakdown
Digestive Enzymes
Digestive Enzymes
Digestive Hormones
Digestive Hormones
Liver and Pancreas Roles
Liver and Pancreas Roles
Liver:
Digestion role: Producing bile
Metabolism role: Storing, releasing and creating glucose. Controlling blood glucose levels
Blood supply for absorbed nutrients: Hepatic portal vein
Pancreas:
Exocrine: Pancreatic enzyme secretion
Endocrine: Insulin and Glucagon production
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Purpose: To convert food energy (glucose, etc) into ATP for cellular energy
Overall reaction: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 36 ATP
Nitrogen Balance
Nitrogen Balance
Positive Nitrogen Balance
Absorbing more nitrogen than excreted
Ex: Growth, pregnancy, recovery
Negative Nitrogen Balance
Excreting more nitrogen than absorbed
Ex: Blood loss, malnutrition
Review Questions
Review Questions
What is the role of brush border enzyme?
What is the role of brush border enzyme?
Responsible for the final breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleotides to be absorbed into the bloodstream. Ex: Maltase, sucrease, lactase, lipase, peptidase
How do CCK and secretin regulate digestion?
How do CCK and secretin regulate digestion?
Secretin neutralizes acid by triggering bicarbonate release from the pancreas, and CCK promotes enzyme secretion and slows stomach emptying for fat breakdown, forming chyme.
Explain how nutrients are absorbed and delivered to the liver?
Explain how nutrients are absorbed and delivered to the liver?
The nutrients are absorbed from the villi in the small intestine and are delivered to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
What are the steps of cellular respiration?
What are the steps of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Intermediate stage, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
What is nitrogen balance and why does it matter?
What is nitrogen balance and why does it matter?
Nitrogen balance is the balance between nitrogen consumed and excreted. It is important because positive nitrogen balance means anabolism (build up of cells and tissues) and negative nitrogen balance is catabolism (breakdown of cells and tissues).
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