Peregrine falcon

The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is a globally distributed raptor known for being the world's fastest animal, reaching speeds over 200 mph in hunting dives. These birds mate for life, usually nesting on cliff ledges or tall human-made structures, and typically live around 10–13 years. They are carnivores, feeding almost exclusively on medium-sized birds, and have recovered significantly since the banning of DDT in the 1970s. 

This video explains the life cycle of a peregrine falcon, including their hunting behavior and breeding habits:

Life Cycle and Breeding

• Maturity & Pair Bond: While they can breed at one year, most begin nesting at 2–3 years old. Pairs often mate for life.

• Courtship: Includes high-speed aerial displays, undulating flights, and "flight play" between the pair.

• Nesting: Known as a "scrape," the nest is a shallow depression on a cliff, bridge, or building.

• Eggs & Incubation: 3–5 eggs are typically laid in early spring. Both parents incubate for 29–33 days, though the female does most of the work.

• Fledging: Chicks (eyasses) fledge 42–46 days after hatching and remain dependent on parents for up to two months. 

Diet and Hunting

• Prey: They catch birds mid-air, such as pigeons, doves, and shorebirds.

• Hunting Technique: They hunt from high altitudes, diving (stooping) at immense speeds to strike prey. 

Survival and Habitat

• Lifespan: Average lifespan in the wild is roughly 10-13 years, with some living up to 20 years.

• Mortality: High mortality in the first year, with only about 40% surviving, while adult survival is around 70%.

• Habitat: Cosmopolitan, found on every continent except Antarctica, favoring open spaces and cliffs.

• Conservation: Formerly endangered due to DDT, populations have largely recovered due to protections and, in some cases, urban nesting initiatives.