Stoichiometry

A balanced chemical equation gives relative numbers (or moles) of reactant and product molecules that participate in a chemical reaction.

Stoichiometric calculations involve using a balanced chemical equation to determine the amounts of reactants needed or products formed in a reaction.

To convert between moles of reactants and moles of products, we use mole ratios derived from the balanced chemical equation.

To calculate masses from the moles of reactants needed or products formed, we can use the molar masses of substances for find- ing the masses (g) needed or formed.

The actual yield (amount produced) of a reaction is usually less than the maximum expected (theoretical yield).

The actual yield is often expressed as a percentage of the theoretical yield: