Addressing the Standards

Algorithms and Programming

MA DLCS Curriculum Framework

Topic: Algorithms

Grades K–2

K-2.CT.b.1. Define an algorithm as a sequence of defined steps.

K-2.CT.b.2. Create a simple algorithm, individually and collaboratively, without using computers to complete a task (e.g., making a sandwich, getting ready for school, checking a book out of the library).

K-2.CT.b.3. Enact an algorithm using tangible materials (e.g., manipulatives, your body) or present the algorithm in a visual medium (e.g., storyboard).

Grades 3–5

3-5.CT.x.1. Define an algorithm as a sequence of instructions that can be processed by a computer.

3-5.CT.b.2. Recognize that different solutions exist for the same problem (or sub-problem).

3-5.CT.b.3. Use logical reasoning to predict outcomes of an algorithm.

3-5.CT.b.4. Individually and collaboratively create an algorithm to solve a problem (e.g., move a character/robot/person through a maze).

3-5.CT.b.5. Detect and correct logical errors in various algorithms (e.g., written, mapped, live action, or digital).

Topic: Programming and Development

Grades K–2

K-2.CT.d.1. Define a computer program as a set of commands created by people to do something.

K-2.CT.d.2. Explain that computers only follow the program’s instructions.

K-2.CT.d.3. Individually or collaboratively create a simple program using visual instructions or tools that do not require a textual programming language (e.g., “unplugged” programming activities, a block-based programming language).

Grades 3–5

3-5.CT.d.1. Individually and collaboratively create, test, and modify a program in a graphical environment (e.g., block-based visual programming language).

3-5.CT.d.2. Use arithmetic operators, conditionals, and repetition in programs.

3-5.CT.d.3. Use interactive debugging to detect and correct simple program errors.

3-5.CT.d.4. Recognize that programs need known starting values (e.g., set initial score to zero in a game).

CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards

Grades K–2

CSTA 1A-AP-08. Model daily processes by creating and following algorithms (sets of step-by-step instructions) to complete tasks.

CSTA 1A-AP-10. Develop programs with sequences and simple loops, to express ideas or address a problem.

CSTA 1A-AP-14. Debug (identify and fix) errors in an algorithm or program that includes sequences and simple loops.

Grades 3–5

CSTA 1B-AP-08. Compare and refine multiple algorithms for the same task and determine which is the most appropriate.

CSTA 1B-AP-10. Create programs that include sequences, events, loops, and conditionals.

CSTA 1B-AP-15. Test and debug (identify and fix errors) a program or algorithm to ensure it runs as intended.

CSTA K-12 Computational Thinking Progressions

ALGORITHMS & PROCEDURES: Series of ordered steps taken to solve a problem or achieve some end.

Grades Pre-K to 2. Create a set of directions from the school to the major landmarks in the neighborhood.

Grades 3 to 5. Design a board game and write instructions to play. Test instructions on peers trying to play the game. Refine instructions with feedback from peers who played the game.