BOOK VI

NEW VERSION OF BOOK VI

1. PART I. DELICTS AND PENALTIES IN GENERAL

1.1. TITLE I: THE PUNISHMENT OF DELICTS IN GENERAL (Cann. 1311 - 1312)

1.2. TITLE II: PENAL LAW AND PENAL PRECEPT (Cann. 1313 - 1320)

1.3. TITLE III: THE SUBJECT LIABLE TO PENAL SANCTIONS (Cann. 1321 - 1330)

1.4. TITLE IV: PENALTIES AND OTHER PUNISHMENTS (Cann. 1331 - 1340)

1.4.1. CHAPTER I: CENSURES

1.4.2. CHAPTER II: EXPIATORY PENALTIES

1.4.3. CHAPTER III: PENAL REMEDIES AND PENANCES

1.5. TITLE V: THE APPLICATION OF PENALTIES (Cann. 1341 - 1353)

1.6. TITLE VI: THE CESSATION OF PENALTIES (Cann. 1354 - 1363)

2. PART II: PARTICULAR OFFENCES AND THE PENALTIES ESTABLISHED FOR THEM

2.1. TITLE I: OFFENCES AGAINST THE FAITH AND THE UNITY OF THE CHURCH

2.2. TITLE II: OFFENCES AGAINST CHURCH AUTHORITIES AND THE EXERCISE OF DUTIES

2.3. TITLE III: OFFENCES AGAINST THE SACRAMENTS

2.4. TITLE IV: OFFENCES AGAINST REPUTATION AND THE OFFENCE OF FALSEHOOD

2.5. TITLE V: OFFENCES AGAINST SPECIAL OBLIGATIONS

2.6. TITLE VI: OFFENCES AGAINST HUMAN LIFE, DIGNITY AND LIBERTY

2.7. ĐỀ MỤC VII NGUYÊN TẮC TỔNG QUÁT

1. PART I. DELICTS AND PENALTIES IN GENERAL

PHẦN I TỘI PHẠM VÀ HÌNH PHẠT NÓI CHUNG

1.1. TITLE I: THE PUNISHMENT OF DELICTS IN GENERAL (Cann. 1311 - 1312)

ĐỀ MỤC I: VIỆC PHẠT CÁC TỘI PHẠM VÀ TỘI PHẠM NÓI CHUNG

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1311 The Church has the innate and proper right to coerce offending members of the Christian faithful with penal sanctions.

Can. 1311 — § 1. The Church has its own inherent right to constrain with penal sanctions Christ’s faithful who commit offences.

§ 2. The one who is at the head of a Church must safeguard and promote the good of the community itself and of each of Christ’s faithful, through pastoral charity, example of life, advice and exhortation and, if necessary, also through the imposition or declaration of penalties, in accordance with the provisions of the law, which are always to be applied with canonical equity and having in mind the restoration of justice, the reform of the offender, and the repair of scandal.

Điều 1311

§ 1. Giáo Hội có quyền bẩm sinh và riêng biệt cưỡng chế các Kitô hữu đã phạm pháp bằng những chế tài hình sự.

§ 2. Trong Giáo Hội, ai chủ toạ, thì người ấy phải giữ gìn và thăng tiến thiện ích của chính cộng đoàn và của từng tín hữu, với đức ái mục tử, với mẫu gương sống, với lời tư vấn và khuyên nhủ và, nếu cần thiết, cũng phải dùng tới sự tuyên kết hay tuyên bố hình phạt, theo như mệnh lệnh luật định, vốn luôn phải được áp dụng với sự hợp tình hợp lý của giáo luật, và lưu tâm đến sự tái lập công lý, sự chỉnh đốn kẻ phạm pháp và sửa chữa gương xấu.

Can. 1312 §1. The following are penal sanctions in the Church:

1/ medicinal penalties, or censures, which are listed in cann. 1331-1333;

2/ expiatory penalties mentioned in can. 1336.

§2. The law can establish other expiatory penalties which deprive a member of the Christian faithful of some spiritual or temporal good and which are consistent with the supernatural purpose of the Church.

§3. Penal remedies and penances are also used; the former especially to prevent delicts, the latter to substitute for or to increase a penalty.

Can. 1312 — § 1. The penal sanctions in the Church are:

1° medicinal penalties or censures, which are listed in cann. 1331-1333;

2° expiatory penalties, mentioned in can. 1336.

§ 2. The law may determine other expiatory penalties which deprive a member of Christ’s faithful of some spiritual or temporal good, and are consistent with the Church’s supernatural purpose.

§ 3. Use is also made of penal remedies and penances, referred to in cann. 1339 and 1340: the former primarily to prevent offences, the latter rather to substitute for or to augment a penalty.

Điều 1312

§1. Những chế tài hình sự trong Giáo Hội là:

10 Các dược hình hay vạ, được liệt kê trong các điều 1331-1333; 20 Các thục hình được nói đến ở điều 1336.

§2. Luật còn có thể thiết lập những hình phạt thục tội khác khiến cho người Kitô hữu không được hưởng một lợi ích thiêng liêng hay vật chất nào đó, và phải là những hình phạt thục tội phù hợp với mục đích siêu nhiên của Giáo Hội.

§3. Ngoài ra, còn được dùng những dược hình và những việc Sám Hối, nói tới ở các điều 1339 và 1340, những dược hình đặc biệt là để ngăn ngừa tội phạm, còn việc Sám Hối đúng hơn là để thay thế hay gia tăng một hình phạt.

1.2. TITLE II: PENAL LAW AND PENAL PRECEPT (Cann. 1313 - 1320)

ĐỀ MỤC II: LUẬT HÌNH SỰ VÀ MỆNH LỆNH HÌNH SỰ

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1313 §1. If a law is changed after a delict has been committed, the law more favorable to the accused is to be applied. §2. If a later law abolishes a law or at least the penalty, the penalty immediately ceases.

Can. 1313 — § 1. If a law is changed after an offence has been committed, the law more favourable to the offender is to be applied.

§ 2. If a later law removes a law, or at least a penalty, the penalty immediately lapses.

Điều 1313

§1. Nếu luật được thay đổi sau khi tội đã phạm thì phải áp dụng luật nào lợi hơn cho phạm nhân.

§2. Nếu luật sau bãi bỏ một luật, hay chỉ bãi bỏ một hình phạt, thì hình phạt này chấm dứt tức khắc.

Can. 1314 Generally, a penalty is ferendae sententiae, so that it does not bind the guilty party until after it has been imposed; if the law or precept expressly establishes it, however, a penalty is latae sententiae, so that it is incurred ipso facto when the delict is committed.

Can. 1314 — A penalty is ordinarily ferendae sententiae, that is, not binding upon the offender until it has been imposed. It is, however, latae sententiae if the law or precept expressly lays this down, so that it is incurred automatically upon the commission of an offence.

Điều 1314

Thường thường, hình phạt là hậu kết (ferendae sententiae), nghĩa là tội nhân không phải chịu hình phạt bao lâu chưa bị tuyên kết; còn hình phạt là tiền kết (latae sententiae), nghĩa là phạm nhân phải chịu hình phạt do chính sự kiện đã phạm tội, nếu luật và mệnh lệnh minh nhiên ấn định như thế.

Can. 1315 §1. A person who has legislative power can also issue penal laws; within the limits of his competence by reason of territory or of persons, moreover, he can by his own laws also strengthen with an appropriate penalty a divine law or an ecclesiastical law issued by a higher authority.

§2. The law itself can determine a penalty, or its determination can be left to the prudent appraisal of a judge.

§3. Particular law also can add other penalties to those established by universal law for some delict; however, this is not to be done except for very grave necessity. If universal law threatens an indeterminate or facultative penalty, particular law can also establish a determinate or obligatory one in its place.

Can. 1315 — § 1. Whoever has power to issue penal laws may also reinforce a divine law with a fitting penalty. § 2. A lower legislator, taking into account can. 1317, can also:

1° reinforce with a fitting penalty a law issued by a higher authority, observing the limits of his competence in respect of territory or persons;

2° add other penalties to those laid down for a certain offence in a universal law;

3° determine or make obligatory a penalty which a universal law establishes as indeterminate or discretionary.

§ 3. A law can either itself determine the penalty or leave its determination to the prudent decision of a judge.

Điều 1315

§1. Người nào có quyền ban hành những luật hình sự, thì cũng có thể thêm một hình phạt thích hợp để củng cố luật Chúa.

§2. Nhà lập pháp cấp dưới, lưu tâm đến điều 1317, cũng có thể:

1o củng cố một luật do cấp trên ban hành bằng một hình phạt thích hợp, lưu tâm đến thẩm quyền của mình xét về lãnh thổ và con người,

2o thêm những hình phạt vào hình phạt đã ấn định bởi luật phổ quát đối với một số tội phạm;

3o ấn định hay bắt buộc một hình phạt mà luật phổ quát chỉ ấn định chưa rõ rệt hay để tuỳ nhận định.

§3. Chính luật có thể xác định một hình phạt, hay để cho thẩm phán thận trọng cân nhắc xác định.

Can. 1316 Insofar as possible, diocesan bishops are to take care that if penal laws must be issued, they are uniform in the same city or region.

Can. 1316 — Diocesan Bishops are to take care that as far as possible any penal laws are uniform within the same city or region.

Điều 1316

Các Giám Mục Giáo Phận phải liệu sao để trong một nước hay một miền, những luật hình sự được đồng nhất với nhau trong mức độ có thể.

Can. 1317 Penalties are to be established only insofar as they are truly necessary to provide more suitably for ecclesiastical discipline. Particular law, however, cannot establish a penalty of dismissal from the clerical state.

Can. 1317 — Penalties are to be established only in so far as they are really necessary for the better maintenance of ecclesiastical discipline. Dismissal from the clerical state, however, cannot be laid down by a lower legislator.

Điều 1317

Chỉ nên thiết lập các hình phạt theo mức độ thực sự cần thiết để hỗ trợ k􏰆 luật Giáo Hội một cách thích hợp hơn. Tuy nhiên, luật địa phương không thể thiết lập hình phạt thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

Can. 1318 A legislator is not to threaten latae sententiae penalties except possibly for certain singularly malicious delicts which either can result in graver scandal or cannot be punished effectively by ferendae sententiae penalties; he is not, however, to establish censures, especially excommunication, except with the greatest moderation and only for graver delicts.

Can. 1318 — Latae sententiae penalties are not to be established, except perhaps for some outstanding and malicious offences which may be either more grave by reason of scandal or such that they cannot be effectively punished by ferendae sententiae penalties; censures, however, especially excommunication, are not to be established, except with the greatest moderation, and only for offences of special gravity.

Điều 1318

Không được ấn định những hình phạt tiền kết, trừ khi một vài tội phạm đặc biệt cố tình phạm có thể gây ra một gương xấu nặng nề hoặc khi những hình phạt hậu kết không thể trừng phạt những tội phạm đó cách hữu hiệu; tuy nhiên, chỉ nên thiết lập các vạ, nhất là vạ tuyệt thông, một cách hết sức hạn chế và chỉ áp dụng cho những tội phạm rất nặng.

Can. 1319 §1. Insofar as a person can impose precepts in the external forum in virtue of the power of governance, the person can also threaten determinate penalties by precept, except perpetual expiatory penalties.

§2. A penal precept is not to be issued unless the matter has been considered thoroughly and those things established in cann. 1317 and 1318 about particular laws have been observed.

Can. 1319 — § 1. To the extent to which one can impose precepts by virtue of the power of governance in the external forum in accordance with the provisions of cann. 48-58, to that extent can one also by precept threaten determined penalties, with the exception of perpetual expiatory penalties.

§ 2. If, after the matter has been very carefully considered, a penal precept is to be imposed, what is established in cann. 1317 and 1318 is to be observed.

Điều 1319

§1. Do quyền lãnh đạo, một người có thể áp đặt những mệnh lệnh ở toà ngoài đến mức độ nào, theo những quy định ở các điều 48-58, thì bằng mệnh lệnh cũng có thể dùng những hình phạt nhất định để ngăm đe đến mức độ ấy, trừ những thục hình vĩnh viễn.

§2. Nếu, sau khi đã cân nhắc cẩn thận sự việc, cần phải áp đặt một mệnh lệnh hình sự, thì tuân giữ những gì được ấn định ở các điều 1317-1318.

Can. 1320 The local ordinary can coerce religious with penalties in all those matters in which they are subject to him.

Can. 1320 — In all matters in which they come under the authority of the local Ordinary, religious can be constrained by him with penalties.

Điều 1320

Trong tất cả những lĩnh vực mà các tu sĩ phải tuỳ thuộc Bản Quyền địa phương, thì họ cũng có thể bị ngài cưỡng chế bằng hình phạt.

1.3. TITLE III: THE SUBJECT LIABLE TO PENAL SANCTIONS (Cann. 1321 - 1330)

ĐỀ MỤC III: CHỦ THỂ BỊ PHẠT

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1321 §1. No one is punished unless the external violation of a law or precept, committed by the person, is gravely imputable by reason of malice or negligence.

§2. A penalty established by a law or precept binds the person who has deliberately violated the law or precept; however, a person who violated a law or precept by omitting necessary diligence is not punished unless the law or precept provides otherwise.

§3. When an external violation has occurred, imputability is presumed unless it is otherwise apparent.

Can. 1321 — § 1. Any person is considered innocent until the contrary is proved. No one can be punished unless the commission by him or her of an external violation of a law or precept is gravely imputable by reason of malice or of culpability.

§ 2. A person who deliberately violated a law or precept is bound by the penalty prescribed in that law or precept. If, however, the violation was due to the omission of due diligence, the person is not punished unless the law or precept provides otherwise.

§ 3. Where there has been an external violation, imputability is presumed, unless it appears otherwise.

Điều 1321

§1. Bất cứ người nào cũng đều được coi là vô tội cho tới khi điều ngược lại được minh chứng.

§2. Không ai bị phạt, nếu việc vi phạm luật hay mệnh lệnh bên ngoài không thể quy trách cho người đó cách nặng nề do cố tình hay do lỗi lầm.

§3. Người nào cố tình vi phạm luật hay mệnh lệnh thì phải chịu hình phạt do luật hay mệnh lệnh ấn định, nhưng người nào vi phạm luật hay mệnh lệnh vì thiếu sự thận trọng cần thiết thì không bị phạt, trừ khi luật hay mệnh lệnh quy định cách khác.

§4. Một khi đã có sự vi phạm bên ngoài, thì việc quy trách nhiệm được suy đoán, trừ khi đã rõ cách khác.

Can. 1322 Those who habitually lack the use of reason are considered to be incapable of a delict, even if they violated a law or precept while seemingly sane.

Can. 1322 — Those who habitually lack the use of reason, even though they appeared sane when they violated a law or precept, are deemed incapable of committing an offence.

Điều 1322

Những người thường xuyên không sử dụng được trí khôn, thì dù họ vi phạm luật hay mệnh lệnh trong khi họ có vẻ sáng suốt, họ cũng được kể là người không có khả năng phạm tội.

Can. 1323 The following are not subject to a penalty when they have violated a law or precept: 1/ a person who has not yet completed the sixteenth year of age;

2/ a person who without negligence was ignorant that he or she violated a law or precept; inadvertence and error are equivalent to ignorance;

3/ a person who acted due to physical force or a chance occurrence which the person could not foresee or, if foreseen, avoid;

4/ a person who acted coerced by grave fear, even if only relatively grave, or due to necessity or grave inconvenience unless the act is intrinsically evil or tends to the harm of souls;

5/ a person who acted with due moderation against an unjust aggressor for the sake of legitimate self defense or defense of another;

6/ a person who lacked the use of reason, without prejudice to the prescripts of cann. 1324, §1, n. 2 and 1325; 7/ a person who without negligence thought that one of the circumstances mentioned in nn. 4 or 5 was present.

Can. 1323 — No one is liable to a penalty who, when violating a law or precept:

1° has not completed the sixteenth year of age;

2° was, without fault, ignorant of violating the law or precept; inadvertence and error are equivalent to ignorance;

3° acted under physical force, or under the impetus of a chance occurrence which the person could not foresee or if foreseen could not avoid;

4° acted under the compulsion of grave fear, even if only relative, or by reason of necessity or grave inconvenience, unless, however, the act is intrinsically evil or tends to be harmful to souls;

5° acted, within the limits of due moderation, in lawful self-defence or defence of another against an unjust aggressor;

6° lacked the use of reason, without prejudice to the provisions of cann. 1324 § 1 n. 2 and 1326 § 1 n. 4;

7° thought, through no personal fault, that some one of the circumstances existed which are mentioned in nn. 4 or 5.

Điều 1323

Những người sau đây vi phạm luật hay mệnh lệnh thì cũng không bị một hình phạt nào:

10 Người chưa đủ mười sáu tuổi trọn;

20 Người không biết là mình vi phạm một luật hay một mệnh lệnh, mà không do lỗi của mình, tuy nhiên, sự vô ý và lầm lẫn được đồng hoá với sự không biết;

30 Người đã hành động dưới áp lực của bạo lực thể lý hay do một trường hợp ngẫu nhiên không thể thấy trước được, hoặc dù có thấy trước cũng không thể chống lại được;

40 Người đã bị cưỡng ép hành động do sợ hãi nghiêm trọng dù chỉ có tính cách tương đối thôi, hoặc do nhu cầu thúc đẩy, hoặc để tránh một điều bất lợi nghiêm trọng, trừ khi trường hợp hành động ấy tự nó là xấu hoặc gây thiệt hại cho các linh hồn;

50 người đã hành động trong tư thế tự vệ chính đáng chống lại một kẻ tấn công mình hay một người khác cách bất công, tuy vẫn giữ sự chừng mực cần thiết;

60 người không sử dụng được trí khôn, miễn là vẫn giữ nguyên những quy định của các điều 1324 §1, 20 và 1326§ 1, 40;

70 người đã nghĩ rằng mình ở vào một trong những hoàn cảnh được nói đến ở 40 hay 50, mà không do lỗi của mình.

Can. 1324 §1. The perpetrator of a violation is not exempt from a penalty, but the penalty established by law or precept must be tempered or a penance employed in its place if the delict was committed:

1/ by a person who had only the imperfect use of reason;

2/ by a person who lacked the use of reason because of drunkenness or another similar culpable disturbance of mind;

3/ from grave heat of passion which did not precede and hinder all deliberation of mind and consent of will and provided that the passion itself had not been stimulated or fostered voluntarily;

4/ by a minor who has completed the age of sixteen years;

5/ by a person who was coerced by grave fear, even if only relatively grave, or due to necessity or grave inconvenience if the delict is intrinsically evil or tends to the harm of souls;

6/ by a person who acted without due moderation against an unjust aggressor for the sake of legitimate self defense or defense of another;

7/ against someone who gravely and unjustly provokes the person;

8/ by a person who thought in culpable error that one of the circumstances mentioned in can. 1323, nn. 4 or 5 was present; 9/ by a person who without negligence did not know that a penalty was attached to a law or precept;

10/ by a person who acted without full imputability provided that the imputability was grave.

§2. A judge can act in the same manner if another circumstance is present which diminishes the gravity of a delict.

§3. In the circumstances mentioned in §1, the accused is not bound by a latae sententiae penalty.

Can. 1324 — § 1. The perpetrator of a violation is not exempted from penalty, but the penalty prescribed in the law or precept must be diminished, or a penance substituted in its place, if the offence was committed by:

1° one who had only an imperfect use of reason;

2° one who was lacking the use of reason because of culpable drunkenness or other mental disturbance of a similar kind, without prejudice to the provision of can. 1326 § 1 n. 4;

3° one who acted in the heat of passion which, while serious, nevertheless did not precede or hinder all mental deliberation and consent of the will, provided that the passion itself had not been deliberately stimulated or nourished;

4° a minor who has completed the sixteenth year of age;

5° one who was compelled by grave fear, even if only relative, or who acted by reason of necessity or grave inconvenience, if the offence is intrinsically evil or tends to be harmful to souls;

6° one who acted in lawful self-defence or defence of another against an unjust aggressor, but did not observe due moderation;

7° one who acted against another person who was gravely and unjustly provocative;

8° one who erroneously, but culpably, thought that some one of the circumstances existed which are mentioned in can. 1323 nn. 4 or 5;

9° one who through no personal fault was unaware that a penalty was attached to the law or precept;

10° one who acted without full imputability, provided it remained grave.

§ 2. A judge can do the same if there is any other circumstance present which would reduce the gravity of the offence.

§ 3. In the circumstances mentioned in § 1, the offender is not bound by a latae sententiae penalty, but may have lesser penalties or penances imposed for the purposes of repentance or repair of scandal.

Điều 1324

§1. Phạm nhân không được miễn khỏi hình phạt, nhưng hình phạt do luật hay mệnh lệnh ấn định phải được giảm nhẹ hay được thay thế bằng việc Sám Hối, nếu tội phạm đã xảy ra do:

10 người ấy chỉ sử dụng trí khôn cách bất toàn;

20 người ấy không sử dụng được trí khôn do say rượu hay do rối loạn tâm thần khác tương tự vì lỗi của mình, lưu tâm đến những gì quy định ở điều 1326, § 1, 40;

30 người ấy hành động do một đam mê mãnh liệt dù đam mê ấy không đi trước và không cản trở bất cứ sự suy tính nào của lý trí cũng như bất cứ sự ưng thuận nào của ý chí, và miễn là người đó không được cố tình kích thích hay nuôi dưỡng chính đam mê ấy;

40 người ấy là vị thành niên đã đủ mười sáu tuổi trọn;

50 người ấy bị cưỡng ép hành động do một sự sợ hãi nghiêm trọng, dù chỉ có tính cách tương đối mà thôi, hoặc do nhu cầu thúc đẩy, hoặc để tránh một điều bất lợi nghiêm trọng, nếu tội phạm tự nó là xấu hoặc gây thiệt hại cho các linh hồn;

60 người ấy đã hành động trong tư thế tự vệ chính đáng chống lại kẻ đã tấn công mình hay một người khác cách bất công, nhưng không giữ được chừng mực cần thiết;

70 người ấy chống lại kẻ khiêu khích cách nghiêm trọng và bất công;

8o người ấy đã tin rằng mình ở vào một trong những hoàn cảnh được nói đến ở điều 1323,40 hay 5o, do lầm lẫn vì lỗi của mình;

9o người ấy không biết là có hình phạt kèm theo luật hay mệnh lệnh, mà không do lỗi của mình;

10o người ấy đã hành động mà không bị quy trách nhiệm hoàn toàn, miễn là sự quy trách nhiệm này vẫn còn nặng.

§2. Thẩm phán cũng có thể làm như vậy, nếu có một hoàn cảnh nào khác làm cho tội phạm được giảm nhẹ.

§3. Trong những hoàn cảnh được nói đến ở §1, phạm nhân không phải chịu một hình phạt tiền kết, tuy nhiên người ấy có thể bị tuyên phạt những hình phạt nhẹ hơn, hoặc có thể áp dụng cho người ấy những việc sám hối với mục đích giúp người ấy sửa mình hay sửa chữa gương xấu.

Can. 1325 Crass, supine, or affected ignorance can never be considered in applying the prescripts of cann. 1323 and 1324; likewise drunkenness or other disturbances of mind cannot be considered if they are sought deliberately in order to commit or excuse a delict, nor can passion which is voluntarily stimulated or fostered.

Can. 1325 — Ignorance which is crass or supine or affected can never be taken into account when applying the provisions of cann. 1323 and 1324.

Điều 1325

Sự không biết vì lười biếng hay vì giả đò hay vì cố tình, không bao giờ được xét đến khi áp dụng những quy định của các điều 1323 và 1324.

Can. 1326 §1. A judge can punish the following more gravely than the law or precept has established:

1/ a person who after a condemnation or after the declaration of a penalty continues so to offend that from the circumstances the obstinate ill will of the person can prudently be inferred;

2/ a person who has been established in some dignity or who has abused a position of authority or office in order to commit the delict;

3/ an accused person who, when a penalty has been established against a delict based on negligence, foresaw the event and nonetheless omitted precautions to avoid it, which any diligent person would have employed.

§2. If the penalty established in the cases mentioned in §1 is latae sententiae, another penalty or a penance can be added.

Can. 1326 — § 1. A judge must inflict a more serious punishment than that prescribed in the law or precept when:

1° a person, after being condemned, or after the penalty has been declared, continues so to offend that obstinate ill will may

prudently be concluded from the circumstances;

2° a person who is established in some position of dignity, or who, in order to commit a crime, has abused a position of authority or an office;

3° a person who, after a penalty for a culpable offence was constituted, foresaw the event but nevertheless omitted to take the precautions to avoid it which any careful person would have taken;

4° a person who committed an offence in a state of drunkenness or other mental disturbance, if these were deliberately sought so as to commit the offence or to excuse it, or through passion which was deliberately stimulated or nourished.

§ 2. In the cases mentioned in § 1, if the penalty constituted is latae sententiae, another penalty or a penance may be added. § 3. In the same cases, if the penalty constituted is discretionary, it becomes obligatory.

Điều 1326

§1. Thẩm phán phải phạt bằng một hình phạt nặng hơn hình phạt mà luật hay mệnh lệnh đã ấn định:

10 người nào sau khi bị kết án hay sau khi hình phạt đã được tuyên bố, vẫn tiếp tục phạm tội, đến nỗi hoàn cảnh cho phép ước đoán cách khôn ngoan rằng người ấy cố chấp trong ý xấu;

20 người có phẩm chức, hay người đã lạm dụng quyền hành hoặc chức vụ của mình để phạm tội;

30 người, đã tiên liệu biến cố, nhưng đã không thận trọng để tránh như bất cứ một người cẩn thận nào cũng phải làm, cho dù một hình phạt đã được thiết lập đối với một tội phạm cố tình;

40 người đã phạm tội trong tình trạng say rượu hay một rối loạn tâm thần khác, nếu điều này là chủ ý để phạm tội hay để bào chữa, hay vì đam mê được kích thích hay nuôi dưỡng cách cố ý.

§2. Trong những trường hợp được nói đến ở §1 nếu hình phạt được dự liệu là tiền kết, thì có thể thêm vào hình phạt ấy một hình phạt khác hay một việc Sám Hối.

§3. Trong những trường hợp tương tự, nếu hình phạt được ấn định mang tính cách tuỳ nhận định, thì trở thành bắt buộc.

Can. 1327 Particular law can establish other exempting, mitigating, or aggravating circumstances besides the cases in cann. 1323- 1326, either by general norm or for individual delicts. Likewise, circumstances can be established in a precept which exempt from, mitigate, or increase a penalty established by the precept.

Can. 1327 — A particular law may, either as a general rule or for individual offences, determine other excusing, attenuating or aggravating circumstances, over and above the cases mentioned in cann. 1323-1326. Likewise, circumstances may be determined in a precept which excuse from, attenuate or aggravate the penalty constituted in the precept.

Điều 1327

Ngoài những trường hợp được nói đến ở các điều 1323-1326, luật địa phương có thể ấn định những tình tiết tha hình phạt, giảm khinh hình phạt hay gia trọng hình phạt, hoặc bằng một quy tắc tổng quát, hoặc đối với những tội phạm riêng. Cũng vậy, một mệnh lệnh có thể ấn định những tình tiết tha hình phạt mà mệnh lệnh dự liệu, giảm khinh hình phạt hay gia trọng hình phạt.

Can. 1328 §1. A person who has done or omitted something in order to commit a delict and yet, contrary to his or her intent, did not commit the delict is not bound by the penalty established for a completed delict unless the law or precept provides otherwise.

§2. If the acts or omissions are by their nature conducive to the execution of the delict, however, their perpetrator can be subjected to a penance or penal remedy unless the perpetrator voluntarily ceased from carrying out the delict which had been initiated. If scandal or some other grave damage or danger resulted, however, the perpetrator, even if he or she voluntarily desisted, can be punished with a just penalty, although one lesser than that established for a completed delict.

Can. 1328 — § 1. One who in furtherance of an offence did something or failed to do something but then, involuntarily, did not complete the offence, is not bound by the penalty prescribed for the completed offence, unless the law or a precept provides otherwise.

§ 2. If the acts or the omissions of their nature lead to the carrying out of the offence, the person responsible may be subjected to a penance or to a penal remedy, unless he or she had spontaneously desisted from the offence which had been initiated. However, if scandal or other serious harm or danger has resulted, the perpetrator, even though spontaneously desisting, may be punished by a just penalty, but of a lesser kind than that determined for the completed crime.

Điều 1328

§1. Người nào đã làm hay đã bỏ một hành vi nhằm để thực hiện tội phạm, tuy nhiên, dù có ý định nhưng thực tế đã không hoàn thành tội phạm được, thì không phải chịu hình phạt đã được dự liệu đối với tội phạm đã được hoàn thành, trừ khi luật hay mệnh lệnh quy định cách khác về điều đó.

§2. Nếu những hành vi hay những sự thiếu sót tự bản chất dẫn đến việc thực hiện tội phạm, phạm nhân có thể bị buộc phải làm một việc Sám Hối hay phải chịu một dược hình, trừ khi đương sự tự ý không tiếp tục thực hiện tội phạm mà mình đã bắt đầu. Tuy nhiên, nếu đã xảy ra một gương xấu hay một thiệt hại nặng nề khác hay một nguy cơ nào đó, thì mặc dầu đã tự ý không tiếp tục nữa, đương sự vẫn có thể phải chịu một hình phạt chính đáng, nhưng nhẹ hơn hình phạt đã được dự liệu cho tội phạm đã được hoàn thành.

Can. 1329 §1. If ferendae sententiae penalties are established for the principal perpetrator, those who conspire together to commit a delict and are not expressly named in a law or precept are subject to the same penalties or to others of the same or lesser gravity.

§2. Accomplices who are not named in a law or precept incur a latae sententiae penalty attached to a delict if without their assistance the delict would not have been committed, and the penalty is of such a nature that it can affect them; otherwise, they can be punished by ferendae sententiae penalties.

Can. 1329 — § 1. Where a number of persons conspire together to commit an offence, and accomplices are not expressly mentioned in the law or precept, if ferendae sententiae penalties were constituted for the principal offender, then the others are subject to the same penalties or to other penalties of the same or a lesser gravity.

§ 2. In the case of a latae sententiae penalty attached to an offence, accomplices, even though not mentioned in the law or precept, incur the same penalty if, without their assistance, the crime would not have been committed, and if the penalty is of such a nature as to be able to affect them; otherwise, they can be punished with ferendae sententiae penalties.

Điều 1329

§1. Những người đồng loã phạm tội với chủ ý chung là thực hiện một tội phạm và không được luật hay mệnh lệnh minh nhiên nói đến, thì phải chịu cùng những hình phạt như phạm nhân chính, nếu những hình phạt hậu kết đã được thiết lập để chống lại phạm nhân, hoặc phải chịu những hình phạt khác cũng nặng bằng như thế hoặc những hình phạt nhẹ hơn.

§2. Những người đồng loã không được luật hay mệnh lệnh nói đến phải chịu hình phạt tiền kết gắn liền với tội phạm, trong trường hợp tội phạm đã không thể được thực hiện, nếu không có sự tham gia của họ, và nếu hình phạt tự bản chất có thể áp dụng cho họ; bằng không, họ có thể phải chịu những hình phạt hậu kết.

Can. 1330 A delict which consists in a declaration or in another manifestation of will, doctrine, or knowledge must not be considered completed if no one perceives the declaration or manifestation.

Can. 1330 — An offence which consists in a declaration or in some other manifestation of will or of doctrine or of knowledge is not to be regarded as effected if no one actually perceives the declaration or manifestation.

Điều 1330

Một tội phạm hệ tại ở một lời tuyên bố hay một sự bộc lộ khác về ý muốn, về học thuyết hay về kiến thức, thì không được coi là một tội phạm đã được hoàn thành, nếu không ai nhận thức được lời tuyên bố hay sự bộc lộ ấy.

1.4. TITLE IV: PENALTIES AND OTHER PUNISHMENTS (Cann. 1331 - 1340)

ĐỀ MỤC IV: CÁC HÌNH PHẠT VÀ CÁC VIỆC PHẠT KHÁC

1.4.1. CHAPTER I: CENSURES

CHƯƠNG I CÁC VẠ

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1331 §1. An excommunicated person is forbidden:

1/ to have any ministerial participation in celebrating the sacrifice of the Eucharist or any other ceremonies of worship whatsoever;

2/ to celebrate the sacraments or sacramentals and to receive the sacraments;

3/ to exercise any ecclesiastical offices, ministries, or functions whatsoever or to place acts of governance.

§2. If the excommunication has been imposed or declared, the offender:

1/ who wishes to act against the prescript of §1, n. 1 must be prevented from doing so, or the liturgical action must be stopped unless a grave cause precludes this;

2/ invalidly places acts of governance which are illicit according to the norm of §1, n. 3;

3/ is forbidden to benefit from privileges previously granted;

4/ cannot acquire validly a dignity, office, or other function in the Church;

5/ does not appropriate the benefits of a dignity, office, any function, or pension, which the offender has in the Church.

Can. 1331 — § 1. An excommunicated person is prohibited:

1° from celebrating the Sacrifice of the Eucharist and the other sacraments;

2° from receiving the sacraments;

3° from administering sacramentals and from celebrating the other ceremonies of liturgical worship;

4° from taking an active part in the celebrations listed above;

5° from exercising any ecclesiastical offices, duties, ministries or functions;

6° from performing acts of governance.

§ 2. If a ferendae sententiae excommunication has been imposed or a latae sententiae excommunication declared, the offender:

1° proposing to act in defiance of the provision of § 1 nn. 1-4 is to be removed, or else the liturgical action is to be suspended, unless there is a grave reason to the contrary;

2° invalidly exercises any acts of governance which, in accordance with § 1 n. 6, are unlawful;

3° is prohibited from benefiting from privileges already granted;

4° does not acquire any remuneration held in virtue of a merely ecclesiastical title;

5° is legally incapable of acquiring offices, duties, ministries, functions, rights, privileges or honorific titles.

Điều 1331

ĐỀ MỤC IV

CÁC HÌNH PHẠT VÀ CÁC VIỆC PHẠT KHÁC

CHƯƠNG I CÁC VẠ

§1. Cấm người bị vạ tuyệt thông:

10 cử hành hiến tế Thánh Thể và bất cứ bí tích nào khác;

20 lãnh nhận các bí tích;

30 cử hành các á bí tích và những nghi lễ phụng vụ khác;

40 tham dự chủ động trong những cử hành nói trên;

50 thi hành các giáo vụ hay nhiệm vụ hay thừa tác vụ nào;

60 thực hiện những hành vi lãnh đạo.

§2. Nếu vạ tuyệt thông hậu kết đã được tuyên kết hay tiền kết đã được tuyên bố, phạm nhân:

10 phải bị loại ra, nếu muốn hành động nghịch lại quy định của §1, số 1-4, hoặc hành động phụng vụ phải bị đình chỉ, trừ khi có một lý do quan trọng chống lại điều đó;

20 thực hiện vô hiệu những hành vi lãnh đạo mà chiếu theo quy tắc của §1, 60 đương sự không được phép làm;

30 Không được phép hưởng những đặc ân đã được ban cho trước đây;

40 không được nhận thù lao có được thuần tuý do tước vị trong Giáo Hội;

50 không được lãnh các giáo vụ, nhiệm vụ, thừa tác vụ, chức năng, quyền lợi, đặc quyền hoặc tước hiệu danh dự.

Can. 1332 The prohibitions mentioned in can. 1331, §1, nn. 1 and 2 bind an interdicted person. If the interdict has been imposed or declared, however, the prescript of can. 1331, §2, n. 1 must be observed.

Can. 1332 — § 1. One who is under interdict is obliged by the prohibitions mentioned in can. 1331 § 1 nn. 1-4.

§ 2. A law or precept may however define the interdict in such a way that the offender is prohibited only from certain particular actions mentioned in can. 1331 § 1 nn. 1-4, or from certain other particular rights.

§ 3. The provision of can. 1331 § 2 n. 1 is to be observed also in the case of interdict.

Điều 1332

§ 1. Người bị vạ cấm chế thì bị ràng buộc bởi những điều cấm được nói đến ở điều 1331 §1, số 1-4;

§ 2. Tuy nhiên, luật hay mệnh lệnh có thể xác định sự cấm chế đối với phạm nhân ở một số hành động riêng biệt nói tới ở điều 1331 §1, số 1-4, hay một vài quyền nào khác.

§ 3. Phải giữ quy định của điều 1331 § 2, 10, cả trong trường hợp cấm chế.

Can. 1333 §1. Suspension, which can affect only clerics, prohibits:

1/ either all or some acts of the power of orders;

2/ either all or some acts of the power of governance;

3/ the exercise of either all or some of the rights or functions attached to an office.

§2. A law or precept can establish that a suspended person cannot place acts of governance validly after a condemnatory or declaratory sentence.

§3. A prohibition never affects:

1/ the offices or the power of governance which are not under the power of the superior who establishes the penalty;

2/ the right of residence which the offender may have by reason of office;

3/ the right to administer goods which may pertain to the office of the person suspended if the penalty is latae sententiae.

§4. A suspension prohibiting a person from receiving benefits, a stipend, pensions, or any other such thing entails the obligation of making restitution for whatever has been received illegitimately, even if in good faith.

Can. 1333 — § 1. Suspension prohibits:

1° all or some of the acts of the power of order;

2° all or some of the acts of the power of governance;

3° the exercise of all or some of the rights or functions attaching to an office.

§ 2. In a law or a precept it may be prescribed that, after a judgement or decree which impose or declare the penalty, a suspended person cannot validly perform acts of governance.

§ 3. The prohibition never affects:

1° any offices or power of governance which are not within the control of the Superior who establishes the penalty;

2° a right of residence which the offender may have by virtue of office;

3° the right to administer goods which may belong to an office held by the person suspended, if the penalty is latae sententiae.

§ 4. A suspension prohibiting the receipt of benefits, stipends, pensions or other such things, carries with it the obligation of restitution of whatever has been unlawfully received, even though this was in good faith.

Điều 1333

§1. Vạ huyền chức cấm:

10 tất cả, hoặc một vài hành vi thuộc quyền thánh chức;

20 tất cả, hoặc một vài hành vi thuộc quyền lãnh đạo;

30 thi hành tất cả hoặc một số quyền lợi hay chức năng gắn liền với một giáo vụ.

§2. Trong luật hay trong mệnh lệnh có thể ấn định rằng, sau khi án lệnh hay sắc lệnh đã được

tuyên kết hay đã được tuyên bố, người bị vạ huyền chức không thể thực hiện cách thành sự những hành vi lãnh đạo.

§3. Lệnh cấm không bao giờ chi phối:

10 những giáo vụ hay quyền lãnh đạo nào không thuộc quyền bính của vị bề trên thiết lập hình phạt;

20 quyền cư trú, nếu phạm nhân có quyền ấy chiếu theo chức vụ;

30 quyền quản trị những tài sản được gắn liền với chức vụ của chính người bị vạ huyền chức, nếu hình phạt là tiền kết.

§4. Vạ huyền chức cấm nhận hoa lợi, lương bổng, trợ cấp hay những thứ tương tự, thì bó buộc phải trả lại bất cứ gì đã nhận cách bất hợp pháp, dù cả khi ngay tình.

Can. 1334 §1. Within the limits established by the preceding canon, either the law or precept itself or the sentence or decree which imposes the penalty defines the extent of a suspension.

§2. A law, but not a precept, can establish a latae sententiae suspension without additional determination or limitation; such a penalty has all the eVects listed in can. 1333, §1.

Can. 1334 — § 1. The extent of a suspension, within the limits laid down in the preceding canon, is defined either by the law or precept, or by the judgement or decree whereby the penalty is imposed.

§ 2. A law, but not a precept, can establish a latae sententiae suspension without an added determination or limitation; such a penalty has all the effects enumerated in can. 1333 §1.

Điều 1334

§l. Trong những giới hạn được điều luật trên đây ấn định, phạm vi của vạ huyền chức được chính luật hoặc mệnh lệnh, hoặc án lệnh, hoặc sắc lệnh tuyên kết hình phạt quy định.

§2. Luật, chứ không phải mệnh lệnh, có thể thiết lập một vạ huyền chức tiền kết, mà không có một lời giải thích hay một giới hạn nào được thêm vào; một hình phạt như vậy có tất cả mọi hiệu quả được nói đến ở điều 1333 §1.

Can. 1335 If a censure prohibits the celebration of sacraments or sacramentals or the placing of an act of governance, the prohibition is suspended whenever it is necessary to care for the faithful in danger of death. If a latae sententiae censure has not been declared, the prohibition is also suspended whenever a member of the faithful requests a sacrament or sacramental or an act of governance; a person is permitted to request this for any just cause.

Can. 1335 — § 1. If the competent authority imposes or declares a censure in a judicial process or by an extra-judicial decree, it can also impose the expiatory penalties it considers necessary to restore justice or repair scandal.

§ 2. If a censure prohibits the celebration of the sacraments or sacramentals or the performing of acts of the power of governance, the prohibition is suspended whenever this is necessary to provide for the faithful who are in danger of death. If a latae sententiae censure has not been declared, the prohibition is also suspended whenever one of the faithful requests a sacrament or sacramental or an act of the power of governance; for any just reason it is lawful to make such a request.

Điều 1335

§1. Nhà chức trách thẩm quyền, nếu tuyên kết hay tuyên bố vạ trong thủ tục toà án hay qua sắc lệnh ngoại toà án, có thể áp đặt các hình phạt thục tội mà vị ấy nghĩ là cần thiết để trả lại công lý hay sửa chữa gương xấu.

§2. Nếu một vạ cấm cử hành các bí tích hay á bí tích hoặc cấm thi hành các hành vi lãnh đạo, thì lệnh cấm ấy bị đình chỉ, mỗi khi điều đó cần thiết để giúp các tín hữu lâm cơn nguy tử; nếu vạ tiền kết chưa được tuyên bố thì lệnh cấm cũng bị đình chỉ, mỗi khi có tín hữu xin lãnh

nhận một bí tích hay một á bí tích, hay một hành vi lãnh đạo; tín hữu được phép xin điều đó vì bất cứ lý do chính đáng nào.

1.4.2. CHAPTER II: EXPIATORY PENALTIES

CHƯƠNG II HÌNH PHẠT THỤC TỘI

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1336 §1. In addition to other penalties which the law may have established, the following are expiatory penalties which can affect an offender either perpetually, for a prescribed time, or for an indeterminate time:

1/ a prohibition or an order concerning residence in a certain place or territory;

2/ privation of a power, office, function, right, privilege, faculty, favor, title, or insignia, even merely honorary;

3/ a prohibition against exercising those things listed under n. 2, or a prohibition against exercising them in a certain place or outside a certain place; these prohibitions are never under pain of nullity;

4/ a penal transfer to another office;

5/ dismissal from the clerical state.

§2. Only those expiatory penalties listed in §1, n. 3 can be latae sententiae.

Can. 1336 — § 1. Expiatory penalties can affect the offender either for ever or for a determined or an indeterminate period. Apart from others which the law may perhaps establish, they are those enumerated in §§ 2-5.

§ 2. An order:1° to reside in a certain place or territory;

2° to pay a fine or a sum of money for the Church’s purposes, in accordance with the guidelines established by the Episcopal Conference.

§ 3. A prohibition:

1° against residing in a certain place or territory;

2° against exercising, everywhere or inside or outside a specified place or territory, all or some offices, duties, ministries or functions, or only certain tasks attaching to offices or duties;

3° against performing all or some acts of the power of order;

4° against performing all or some acts of the power of governance;

5° against exercising any right or privilege or using insignia or titles;

6° against enjoying an active or passive voice in canonical elections or taking part with a right to vote in ecclesial councils or colleges;

7° against wearing ecclesiastical or religious dress.

§ 4. A deprivation:

1° of all or some offices, duties, ministries or functions, or only of certain functions attaching to offices or duties;

2° of the faculty of hearing confessions or of preaching;

3° of a delegated power of governance;

4° of some right or privilege or insignia or title;

5° of all ecclesiastical remuneration or part of it, in accordance with the guidelines established by the Episcopal Conference, without prejudice to the provision of can. 1350 § 1.

§ 5. Dismissal from the clerical state.

Điều 1336

§1. Hình phạt thục tội có thể chi phối một phạm nhân hoặc suốt đời hoặc trong một thời gian được ấn định trước, hoặc trong một thời gian vô hạn, ngoài những hình phạt mà luật có thể đặt ra, thục hình gồm những loại liệt kê trong §§ 2-5.

§2. Lệnh buộc:

10 phải cư ngụ tại một nơi hay một địa hạt nhất định;

20 nộp phạt hay nộp một số tiền cho các mục đích của Giáo Hội, theo như quy chế được Hội Đồng Giám Mục xác định.

§3. Lệnh cấm:

10 cư ngụ tại một nơi hay một địa hạt nhất định;

20 thi hành, khắp mọi nơi, hay trong một nơi hay một địa hạt nhất định hay bên ngoài địa hạt, tất cả các giáo vụ hay một số giáo vụ, nhiệm vụ, thừa tác vụ hay chức năng hay chỉ một số nhiệm vụ gắn liền với giáo vụ hay một số nhiệm vụ;

30 thi hành tất cả hay một số hành vi thuộc thánh chức;

40 thi hành tất cả hay một số hành vi thuộc quyền lãnh đạo;

50 thi hành một số quyền lợi hay đặc quyền hay sử dụng phù hiệu hay tước vị;

60 hưởng quyền ứng cử và bầu cử theo giáo luật và tham dự với quyền bỏ phiếu trong các ban Cố vấn hay trong các Hiệp đoàn của Giáo Hội;

70 mang áo giáo sĩ hay tu sĩ.

§4. Tước bỏ:

10 tất cả hay một số giáo vụ, nhiệm vụ, thừa tác vụ hay chức năng hay chỉ một vài công việc gắn liền với giáo vụ và nhiệm vụ;

20 năng quyền giải tội hay năng quyền giảng;

30 quyền lãnh đạo được thừa u􏰆;

40 một số quyền lợi hay đặc quyền hay phù hiệu hay tước vị;

50 toàn bộ lương bổng hay một phần, tuỳ theo quy chế do Hội Đồng Giám Mục ấn định, trừ những gì quy định ở điều 1350, § 1.

§5. Sự thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

Can. 1337 §1. A prohibition against residing in a certain place or territory can affect both clerics and religious; however, the order to reside in a certain place or territory can affect secular clerics and, within the limits of the constitutions, religious.

§2. To impose an order to reside in a certain place or territory requires the consent of the ordinary of that place unless it is a question of a house designated for clerics doing penance or being rehabilitated even from outside the diocese.

Can. 1337 — § 1. A prohibition against residing in a certain place or territory can affect both clerics and religious. An order to reside in a certain place can affect secular clerics and, within the limits of their constitutions, religious.

§ 2. An order imposing residence in a certain place or territory must have the consent of the Ordinary of that place, unless there is question of a house set up for penance or rehabilitation of clerics, including extra-diocesans.

Điều 1337

§1. Vạ cấm cư ngụ tại một nơi hay một địa hạt nhất định có thể chi phối các giáo sĩ hoặc các tu sĩ, nhưng lệnh buộc cư ngụ ở đó có thể chi phối các giáo sĩ triều và, trong giới hạn của hiến pháp, các tu sĩ.

§2. Để tuyên kết lệnh buộc cư ngụ tại một nơi hay trong một địa hạt nhất định, cần phải có sự chấp thuận của Đấng Bản Quyền địa phương ấy, trừ trường hợp đó là một nhà dành cho cả giáo sĩ ngoài Giáo Phận để đền tội hay sửa mình.

Can. 1338 §1. The privations and prohibitions listed in can. 1336, §1, nn. 2 and 3, never affect powers, offices, functions, rights, privileges, faculties, favors, titles, or insignia which are not subject to the power of the superior who establishes the penalty.

§2. Privation of the power of orders is not possible but only a prohibition against exercising it or some of its acts; likewise, privation of academic degrees is not possible.

§3. The norm given in can. 1335 for censures must be observed for the prohibitions listed in can. 1336, §1, n. 3.

Can. 1338 — § 1. The expiatory penalties enumerated in can. 1336 never affect powers, offices, functions, rights, privileges, faculties, favours, titles or insignia, which are not within the control of the Superior who establishes the penalty.

§ 2. There can be no deprivation of the power of order, but only a prohibition against the exercise of it or of some of its acts; neither can there be a deprivation of academic degrees.

§ 3. The norm laid down for censures in can. 1335 § 2 is to be observed in regard to the prohibitions mentioned in can. 1336 § 3.

§ 4. Only those expiatory penalties enumerated as prohibitions in can. 1336 § 3, or others that may perhaps be established by a law or precept, may be latae sententiae penalties.

§ 5. The prohibitions mentioned in can. 1336 § 3 are never under pain of nullity.

Điều 1338

§l. Những hình phạt thục tội được nói đến ở điều 1336 không bao giờ chi phối những quyền bính, giáo vụ, nhiệm vụ, quyền lợi, đặc ân, năng quyền, ân huệ, danh hiệu, phù hiệu nào không ở dưới quyền bính của vị bề trên thiết lập hình phạt.

§2. Không thể ra vạ tước đoạt quyền thánh chức được, nhưng chỉ có thể cấm thi hành chức ấy hay cấm một vài hành vi của chức ấy; cũng vậy, không thể ra vạ tước đoạt bằng cấp học vị được.

§3. Đối với những điều cấm được nói đến ở điều 1336 §3, phải tuân giữ quy tắc được nói đến ở điều 1335 § 2 dành cho các vạ.

§4. Chỉ có các hình phạt thục tội nói đến như lệnh cấm ở điều 1336, § 3, mới có thể là hình phạt tiền kết hay những hình phạt khác phải được ấn định bằng luật hay bằng mệnh lệnh.

§5. Các lệnh cấm nói ở điều 1336 § 3, không bao giờ được đặt thành điều kiện vô hiệu.

1.4.3. CHAPTER III: PENAL REMEDIES AND PENANCES

CHƯƠNG III: NHỮNG DƯỢC HÌNH VÀ NHỮNG VIỆC SÁM HỐI

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1339 §1. An ordinary, personally or through another, can warn a person who is in the proximate occasion of committing a delict or upon whom, after investigation, grave suspicion of having committed a delict has fallen.

§2. He can also rebuke a person whose behavior causes scandal or a grave disturbance of order, in a manner accommodated to the special conditions of the person and the deed.

§3. The warning or rebuke must always be established at least by some document which is to be kept in the secret archive of the curia.

Can. 1339 — § 1. When someone is in a proximate occasion of committing an offence or when, after an investigation, there is a serious suspicion that an offence has been committed, the Ordinary either personally or through another can give that person warning.

§ 2. In the case of behaviour which gives rise to scandal or serious disturbance of public order, the Ordinary can also correct the person, in a way appropriate to the particular conditions of the person and of what has been done.

§ 3. The fact that there has been a warning or a correction must always be proven, at least from some document to be kept in the secret archive of the curia

§ 4. If on one or more occasions warnings or corrections have been made to someone to no effect, or if it is not possible to expect them to have any effect, the Ordinary is to issue a penal precept in which he sets out exactly what is to be done or avoided.

§ 5. If the gravity of the case so requires, and especially in a case where someone is in danger of relapsing into an offence, the Ordinary is also to subject the offender, over and above the penalties imposed according to the provision of the law or declared by sentence or decree, to a measure of vigilance determined by means of a singular decree.

Điều 1339

§1. Người nào sống trong dịp sắp thực hiện một tội phạm, hoặc bị nghi ngờ nghiêm trọng là đã thực hiện một tội phạm sau khi được điều tra k􏰇 lưỡng, thì Đấng Bản Quyền có thể đích thân hay nhờ người khác cảnh cáo người ấy.

§2. Theo cách thức thích hợp với hoàn cảnh riêng của con người và sự kiện, Đấng Bản Quyền cũng có thể khiển trách người nào đã gây ra một gương xấu hoặc đã làm xáo trộn trật tự cách nghiêm trọng do lối ứng xử của họ.

§3. Phải luôn luôn giữ lại chứng từ chắc chắn về việc cảnh cáo hay khiển trách, ít là bằng một tài liệu nào đó được giữ trong văn khố mật của Toà Giám Mục.

§4. Nếu, một hay nhiều lần, việc cảnh cáo hay sửa chữa đều vô hiệu, hay nếu không thể mong chờ có được kết quả nào, thì Bản Quyền phải ban ra một mệnh lệnh hình sự, trong đó cách tỉ mỉ, phải đặt ra điều gì phải làm hay phải tránh.

§5. Nếu tầm mức nghiêm trọng đòi hỏi, và nhất là trong trường hợp có ai đó ở trong mối nguy rơi vào tội phạm, thì Bản Quyền, kể cả ngoài những hình phạt tuyên kết theo quy tắc luật hay tuyên bố qua một án lệnh hay một sắc lệnh, phải đặt người ấy vào một biện pháp canh chừng nhất định qua một sắc lệnh riêng.

Can. 1340 §1. A penance, which can be imposed in the external forum, is the performance of some work of religion, piety, or charity.

§2. A public penance is never to be imposed for an occult transgression.

§3. According to his own prudent judgment, an ordinary can add penances to the penal remedy of warning or rebuke.

Can. 1340 — § 1. A penance, which can be imposed in the external forum, is the performance of some work of religion or piety or charity.

§ 2. A public penance is never to be imposed for an occult transgression.

§ 3. According to his prudent judgement, the Ordinary may add penances to the penal remedy of warning or correction.

Điều 1340

§1. Việc Sám Hối có thể bị áp đặt ở toà ngoài, nó hệ tại việc thực hiện một việc tôn giáo, đạo đức, hay bác ái.

§2. Không bao giờ được áp đặt một việc Sám Hối công khai cho một sự vi phạm kín đáo.

§3. Theo sự khôn ngoan của mình, Đấng Bản Quyền có thể thêm những việc Sám Hối vào dược hình cảnh cáo hay khiển trách.

1.5. TITLE V: THE APPLICATION OF PENALTIES (Cann. 1341 - 1353)

ĐỀ MỤC V: ÁP DỤNG HÌNH PHẠT

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1341 An ordinary is to take care to initiate a judicial or administrative process to impose or declare penalties only after he has ascertained that fraternal correction or rebuke or other means of pastoral solicitude cannot sufficiently repair the scandal, restore justice, reform the offender.

Can. 1341 — The Ordinary must start a judicial or an administrative procedure for the imposition or the declaration of penalties when he perceives that neither by the methods of pastoral care, especially fraternal correction, nor by a warning or correction, can justice be sufficiently restored, the offender reformed, and the scandal repaired.

Điều 1341

Bản Quyền phải xúc tiến thủ tục tư pháp hay hành chính để tuyên kết hay tuyên bố một hình phạt, khi đã chắc chắn rằng những phương thế quan tâm mục vụ, nhất là việc sửa chữa trong tình huynh đệ, việc cảnh cáo cũng như sự khiển trách, không thể đủ để tái lập công lý, cải thiện phạm nhân, sửa chữa gương xấu.

Can. 1342 §1. Whenever just causes preclude a judicial process, a penalty can be imposed or declared by extrajudicial decree; penal remedies and penances, however, can be applied by decree in any case whatsoever.

§2. Perpetual penalties cannot be imposed or declared by decree, nor can penalties be so applied when the law or precept establishing them prohibits their application by decree.

§3. What a law or precept states about the imposition or declaration of a penalty by a judge in a trial must be applied to a superior who imposes or declares a penalty by extrajudicial decree unless it is otherwise evident or unless it concerns prescripts which pertain only to procedural matters.

Can. 1342 — § 1. Whenever there are just reasons against the use of a judicial procedure, a penalty can be imposed or declared by means of an extra-judicial decree, observing canon 1720, especially in what concerns the right of defence and the moral certainty in the mind of the one issuing the decree, in accordance with the provision of can. 1608. Penal remedies and penances may in any case whatever be applied by a decree.

§ 2. Perpetual penalties cannot be imposed or declared by means of a decree; nor can penalties which the law or precept establishing them forbids to be applied by decree.

§ 3. What the law or decree says of a judge in regard to the imposition or declaration of a penalty in a trial is to be applied also to a Superior who imposes or declares a penalty by an extra-judicial decree, unless it is otherwise clear, or unless there is question of provisions which concern only procedural matters.

Điều 1342

§1. Mỗi khi có những lý do chính đáng ngăn cản việc tố tụng tại toà, thì hình phạt có thể được tuyên kết hay tuyên bố bằng sắc lệnh ngoài toà án, vẫn giữ điều 1720, nhất là về những gì liên quan đến quyền tự biện hộ và sự chắc chắn luân lý trong tâm trí của người ban hành sắc lệnh theo quy tắc của điêu 1608. Các dược hình và các việc Sám Hối có thể được áp dụng bằng sắc lệnh trong bất cứ trường hợp nào.

§2. Sắc lệnh không thể tuyên kết hay tuyên bố những hình phạt vĩnh viễn và những hình phạt nào mà luật hay mệnh lệnh thiết lập đã cấm áp dụng bằng sắc lệnh.

§3. Những gì luật hay mệnh lệnh nói về thẩm phán liên quan tới việc tuyên kết hay tuyên bố một hình phạt trong việc xét xử, phải được áp dụng cho vị bề trên nào dùng sắc lệnh ngoài toà để tuyên kết hay tuyên bố một hình phạt, trừ khi đã rõ cách khác hoặc trừ khi đó là những quy định chỉ liên quan đến thủ tục mà thôi.

Can. 1343 If the law or precept gives the judge the power to apply or not apply a penalty, the judge can also temper the penalty or impose a penance in its place, according to his own conscience and prudence.

Can. 1343 — If a law or precept grants the judge the faculty to apply or not to apply a penalty, he is, without prejudice to the provision of can. 1326 § 3, to determine the matter according to his own conscience and prudence, and in accordance with what the restoration of justice, the reform of the offender and the repair of scandal require; in such cases the judge may also, if appropriate, modify the penalty or in its place impose a penance.

Điều 1343

Nếu luật hay mệnh lệnh ban cho thẩm phán năng quyền để áp dụng hay không áp dụng một hình phạt, thì vị này, vẫn giữ quy định của điều 1326 § 3, theo lương tâm và nhận định thận trọng của mình, phải xác định sự việc, theo như những gì mà việc tái lập công lý, sự cải thiện cho phạm nhân và sự sửa chữa gương xấu, đòi hỏi; tuy nhiên, trong những trường hợp này, nếu thấy thích đáng, thẩm phán cũng có thể giảm nhẹ hình phạt hay thay thế bằng một việc sám hối.

Can. 1344 Even if the law uses preceptive words, the judge can, according to his own conscience and prudence:

1/ defer the imposition of the penalty to a more opportune time if it is foreseen that greater evils will result from an offerly hasty punishment of the offender;

2/ abstain from imposing a penalty, impose a lighter penalty, or employ a penance if the offender has reformed and repaired the scandal or if the offender has been or, it is foreseen, will be punished sufficiently by civil authority;

3/ suspend the obligation of observing an expiatory penalty if it is the first offense of an offender who has lived a praiseworthy life and if the need to repair scandal is not pressing, but in such a way that if the offender commits an offense again within the time determined by the judge, the person is to pay the penalty due for each delict unless in the interim the time for the prescription of a penal action has elapsed for the first delict.

Can. 1344 — Even though the law may use obligatory words, the judge may, according to his own conscience and prudence: 1° defer the imposition of the penalty to a more opportune time, if it is foreseen that greater evils may arise from a too hasty

punishment of the offender, unless there is an urgent need to repair scandal;

2° abstain from imposing the penalty or substitute a milder penalty or a penance, if the offender has repented, as well as having repaired any scandal and harm caused, or if the offender has been or foreseeably will be sufficiently punished by the civil authority;

3° may suspend the obligation of observing an expiatory penalty, if the person is a first-offender after a hitherto blameless life, and there is no urgent need to repair scandal; this is, however, to be done in such a way that if the person again commits an offence within a time laid down by the judge, then that person must pay the penalty for both offences, unless in the meanwhile the time for prescription of a penal action in respect of the former offence has expired.

Điều 1344

Mặc dù luật dùng những từ ngữ có tính cách ra lệnh, thẩm phán có thể tuỳ lương tâm và sự khôn ngoan của mình:

10 hoãn việc tuyên kết hình phạt đến một lúc nào thuận tiện hơn, nếu thấy trước rằng việc phạt phạm nhân quá vội vàng sẽ gây ra những tác hại lớn hơn, trừ khi sự cần thiết phải sửa chữa gương xấu đòi hỏi cấp bách;

20 bỏ qua việc tuyên kết hình phạt, hoặc tuyên kết một hình phạt nhẹ hơn, hoặc áp dụng một việc Sám Hối, nếu phạm nhân đã sửa mình và đã sửa chữa gương xấu, hoặc nếu chính phạm nhân đã bị quyền bính dân sự phạt đủ rồi, hoặc thấy trước là phạm nhân sẽ bị phạt như vậy;

30 hoãn nghĩa vụ thực hiện hình phạt thục tội, nếu phạm nhân phạm tội lần đầu tiên sau khi đã sống một cuộc đời chính trực và nếu không cần phải sửa chữa gương xấu gấp; tuy nhiên, nếu phạm nhân thực hiện một tội phạm mới trong thời hạn được chính thẩm phán ấn định, thì phạm nhân phải chịu hình phạt của cả hai tội phạm, trừ khi trong thời gian ấy, thời hiệu của tố quyền hình sự đối với tội phạm trước đã trôi qua.

Can. 1345 Whenever the offender had only the imperfect use of reason or committed the delict from fear, necessity, the heat of passion, or mental disturbance from drunkenness or something similar, the judge can also abstain from imposing any penalty if he thinks that reform of the person can be better accomplished in another way.

Can. 1345 — Whenever the offender had only an imperfect use of reason, or committed the offence out of necessity or grave fear or in the heat of passion or, without prejudice to the provision of can. 1326 § 1 n. 4, with a mind disturbed by drunkenness or a similar cause, the judge can refrain from inflicting any punishment if he considers that the person’s reform may be better accomplished in some other way; the offender, however, must be punished if there is no other way to provide for the restoration of justice and the repair of any scandal that may have been caused.

Điều 1345

Mỗi khi phạm nhân chỉ sử dụng được trí khôn một cách bất toàn, hay đã thực hiện một tội phạm do nhu cầu, do sợ hãi nặng nề, hoặc do đam mê, trừ những gì quy định ở điều 1326, § 1, 40 trong tình trạng say rượu, hoặc do bất cứ một rối loạn tâm thần nào khác tương tự, thì thẩm phán cũng có thể bỏ qua việc tuyên kết một việc ra phạt nào đó, nếu nhận thấy là có thể dùng một phương thế tốt hơn để cải thiện phạm nhân; tuy nhiên thẩm phán phải phạt kẻ phạm tội nếu không có cách nào khác để tái lập công lý và sửa chữa gương xấu đã gây nên.

Can. 1346 Whenever the offender has committed several delicts, it is left to the prudent decision of the judge to moderate the penalties within equitable limits if the sum of the feren dae sententiae penalties appears excessive.

Can. 1346 — § 1. Ordinarily there are as many penalties as there are offences.

§ 2. Nevertheless, whenever the offender has committed a number of offences and the sum of penalties which should be imposed seems excessive, it is left to the prudent decision of the judge to moderate the penalties in an equitable fashion, and to place the offender under vigilance.

Điều 1346

§ 1. Thông thường hình phạt sẽ nhiều khi nhiều tội phạm.

§ 2. Mỗi khi phạm nhân đã thực hiện nhiều tội phạm, nếu sự chồng chất các hình phạt hậu kết có vẻ quá nặng, thì thẩm phán có quyền giảm bớt các hình phạt trong những giới hạn hợp tình hợp lý, tuỳ theo sự thẩm định khôn ngoan của mình, và đặt kẻ ấy trong sự canh chừng.

Can. 1347 §1. A censure cannot be imposed validly unless the offender has been warned at least once beforehand to withdraw from contumacy and has been given a suitable time for repentance.

§2. An offender who has truly repented of the delict and has also made suitable reparation for damages and scandal or at least has seriously promised to do so must be considered to have withdrawn from contumacy.

Can. 1347 — § 1. A censure cannot validly be imposed unless the offender has beforehand received at least one warning to purge the contempt, and has been allowed suitable time to do so.

§ 2. The offender is said to have purged the contempt if he or she has truly repented of the offence and has made suitable reparation for the scandal and harm, or at least seriously promised to make it.

Điều 1347

§1. Không thể tuyên kết một vạ cách thành sự, nếu trước đó phạm nhân đã không được cảnh cáo ít là một lần để chấm dứt sự ngoan cố của mình, và nếu đã dành cho đương sự một thời gian thích hợp để hối cải.

§2. Phải kể như là phạm nhân đã hết ngoan cố, khi phạm nhân thật lòng hối hận về tội phạm của mình, và hơn nữa đã sửa chữa cách xứng hợp gương xấu và các thiệt hại hay ít là đã nghiêm chỉnh hứa sửa chữa điều ấy.

Can. 1348 When an accused is acquitted of an accusation or when no penalty is imposed, the ordinary can provide for the welfare of the person and for the public good through appropriate warnings and other means of pastoral solicitude or even through penal remedies if the matter warrants it.

Can. 1348 — When the person has been found not guilty of an accusation, or where no penalty has been imposed, the Ordinary may provide for the person’s welfare and for the common good by opportune warnings or other solicitous means, and even, if the case calls for it, by the use of penal remedies.

Điều 1348

Khi một phạm nhân không bị buộc tội hay không bị tuyên kết một hình phạt nào cả, thì Đấng Bản Quyền có thể quan tâm đến lợi ích của đương sự cũng như đến công ích bằng việc cảnh cáo thích hợp và bằng những phương thế khác của lòng ưu tư mục vụ, hay cả bằng những dược hình, nếu sự việc đòi hỏi điều đó.

Can. 1349 If a penalty is indeterminate and the law does not provide otherwise, the judge is not to impose graver penalties, especially censures, unless the seriousness of the case clearly demands it; he cannot, however, impose perpetual penalties.

Can. 1349 — If a penalty is indeterminate, and if the law does not provide otherwise, the judge in determining the penalties is to choose those which are proportionate to the scandal caused and the gravity of the harm; he is not however to impose graver penalties, unless the seriousness of the case really demands it. He may not impose penalties which are perpetual.

Điều 1349

Nếu một hình phạt không được xác định và nếu luật không dự liệu cách khác, thì thẩm phán trong việc xác định hình phạt, phải chọn những hình phạt nào t􏰆 lệ với gương xấu và mức nghiêm trọng của thiệt hại đã gây ra; tuy nhiên không được tuyên kết những hình phạt nặng hơn, trừ khi sự nghiêm trọng của vấn đề đòi hỏi điều đó cách tuyệt đối; dù vậy, thẩm phán không được tuyên kết những hình phạt vĩnh viễn.

Can. 1350 §1. Unless it concerns dismissal from the clerical state, when penalties are imposed on a cleric, provision must always be made so that he does not lack those things necessary for his decent support.

§2. In the best manner possible, however, the ordinary is to take care to provide for a person dismissed from the clerical state who is truly in need because of the penalty.

Can. 1350 — § 1. In imposing penalties on a cleric, except in the case of dismissal from the clerical state, care must always be taken that he does not lack what is necessary for his worthy support.

§ 2. If a person is truly in need because he has been dismissed from the clerical state, the Ordinary is to provide in the best way possible, but not by the conferral of an office, ministry or function.

Điều 1350

§1. Khi tuyên kết hình phạt cho một giáo sĩ, luôn phải liệu sao cho đương sự không thiếu những phương tiện cần thiết cho một cuộc sống xứng đáng, trừ trường hợp bị thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

§2. Nếu một người nào bị thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ đang sống trong sự bần cùng thật sự do hình phạt ấy, thì Đấng Bản Quyền phải liệu giúp đỡ đương sự cách tốt nhất có thể, nhưng không phải bằng cách ban cho họ giáo vụ, thừa tác vụ hay nhiệm vụ.

Can. 1351 Unless other provision is expressly made, a penalty binds the offender everywhere, even when the authority of the one who established or imposed the penalty has lapsed.

Can. 1351 — A penalty binds an offender everywhere, even when the right of the one who established, imposed or declared it has ceased, unless it is otherwise expressly provided.

Điều 1351

Hình phạt chi phối phạm nhân ở khắp mọi nơi, ngay cả khi người thiết lập, tuyên kết hay tuyên bố hình phạt, hết quyền, trừ khi luật đã minh nhiên dự liệu cách khác.

Can. 1352 §1. If a penalty prohibits the reception of the sacraments or sacramentals, the prohibition is suspended as long as the offender is in danger of death.

§2. The obligation to observe an undeclared latae sententiae penalty which is not notorious in the place where the offender is present, is suspended totally or partially whenever the offender cannot observe it without danger of grave scandal or infamy.

Can. 1352 — § 1. If a penalty prohibits the reception of the sacraments or sacramentals, the prohibition is suspended for as long as the offender is in danger of death.

§ 2. The obligation of observing a latae sententiae penalty which has not been declared, and is not notorious in the place where the offender actually is, is suspended either in whole or in part to the extent that the offender cannot observe it without the danger of grave scandal or loss of good name.

Điều 1352

§1. Nếu một hình phạt cấm lãnh nhận các bí tích hay á bí tích, vạ cấm cũng bị đình chỉ bao lâu phạm nhân còn ở trong tình trạng nguy tử.

§2. Khi một hình phạt tiền kết chưa được công bố hay chưa được công khai tại nơi phạm nhân cư ngụ, thì nghĩa vụ tuân giữ hình phạt ấy bị đình chỉ toàn bộ hay một phần, trong mức độ phạm nhân không thể tuân giữ nghĩa vụ ấy mà không gặp nguy cơ gây ra gương xấu nghiêm trọng hoặc bị mất thanh danh.

Can. 1353 An appeal or recourse from judicial sentences or from decrees, which impose or declare a penalty, has a suspensive effect.

Can. 1353 — An appeal or a recourse against judgements of a court or against decrees which impose or declare any penalty has a suspensive effect.

Điều 1353

Việc kháng cáo hay thượng cầu chống lại những án lệnh của toà án hoặc những sắc lệnh tuyên kết hay tuyên bố một hình phạt đều có hiệu lực đình chỉ.

1.6. TITLE VI: THE CESSATION OF PENALTIES (Cann. 1354 - 1363)

ĐỀ MỤC VI: SỰ THA HÌNH PHẠT VÀ THỜI HIỆU CỦA TỐ QUYỀN

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1354 §1. In addition to the persons listed in cann. 1355-1356, all who can dispense from a law which includes a penalty or who can exempt from a precept which threatens a penalty can also remit that penalty.

§2. Moreover, a law or precept which establishes a penalty can also give the power of remission to others.

§3. If the Apostolic See has reserved the remission of a penalty to itself or to others, the reservation must be interpreted strictly.

Can. 1354 — § 1. Besides those who are enumerated in cann. 1355-1356, all who can dispense from a law which is supported by a penalty, or excuse from a precept which threatens a penalty, can also remit the penalty itself.

§ 2. Moreover, a law or precept which establishes a penalty can also grant to others the power of remitting the penalty.

§ 3. If the Apostolic See has reserved the remission of a penalty to itself or to others, the reservation is to be strictly interpreted.

Điều 1354

§l. Ngoài những vị được nêu lên ở các điều 1355-1356, tất cả những người có thể miễn chuẩn một luật có kèm theo một hình phạt, hay những người có thể miễn trừ một mệnh lệnh ngăm đe một hình phạt, cũng đều có quyền tha hình phạt ấy.

§2. Ngoài ra, luật hay mệnh lệnh thiết lập một hình phạt cũng có thể ban cho những người khác quyền tha hình phạt ấy.

§3. Nếu Tông Toà dành riêng cho mình hay dành cho những người khác quyền tha hình phạt, thì sự dành riêng ấy phải được giải thích theo nghĩa hẹp.

Can. 1355 §1. Provided that the penalty has not been reserved to the Apostolic See, the following can remit an imposed or declared penalty established by law:

1/ the ordinary who initiated the trial to impose or declare a penalty or who personally or through another imposed or declared it by decree;

2/ the ordinary of the place where the offender is present, after the ordinary mentioned under n. 1 has been consulted unless this is impossible because of extraordinary circumstances.

§2. If the penalty has not been reserved to the Apostolic See, an ordinary can remit a latae sententiae penalty established by law but not yet declared for his subjects and those who are present in his territory or who committed the offense there; any bishop can also do this in the act of sacramental confession.

Can. 1355 — § 1. Provided it is not reserved to the Apostolic See, a penalty established by law which is ferendae sententiae and has been imposed, or which is latae sententiae and has been declared, can be remitted by the following:

1° the Ordinary who initiated the judicial proceedings to impose or declare the penalty, or who by a decree, either personally or through another, imposed or declared it;

2° the Ordinary of the place where the offender actually is, after consulting the Ordinary mentioned in n. 1, unless because of extraordinary circumstances this is impossible.

§ 2. Provided it is not reserved to the Apostolic See, a penalty established by law which is latae sententiae and has not yet been declared can be remitted by the following:

1° the Ordinary in respect of his subjects;

2° the Ordinary of the place also in respect of those actually in his territory or of those who committed the offence in his territory;

3° any Bishop, but only in the course of sacramental confession.

Điều 1355

§1. Các vị sau đây có thể tha hình phạt do luật thiết lập, nếu hình phạt hậu kết đã được tuyên kết hay tiền kết đã được tuyên bố, miễn là hình phạt không dành riêng cho Tông Toà:

10 Bản Quyền đã khởi tố trước toà để tuyên kết hay tuyên bố hình phạt, hoặc Bản Quyền đã đích thân hay nhờ người khác tuyên kết hay tuyên bố hình phạt bằng sắc lệnh;

20 Bản Quyền địa phương tại nơi phạm nhân đang cư ngụ, nhưng sau khi đã tham khảo ý kiến của Bản Quyền được nói đến ở 1o, trừ khi không thể tham khảo được do những hoàn cảnh bất thường.

§2. Hình phạt tiền kết do luật thiết lập nhưng chưa được tuyên bố, và nếu hình phạt ấy không dành riêng cho Tông Toà, thì những vị có thể tha:

10 Bản Quyền đối với những người thuộc quyền mình;

20 Bản Quyền sở tại kể cả đối với những người đang ở trong lãnh thổ của ngài hay tại đó họ phạm tội;

30 Bất cứ Giám Mục nào, tuy nhiên, chỉ trong khi ban bí tích giải tội.

Can. 1356 §1. The following can remit a ferendae sententiae or latae sententiae penalty established by a precept not issued by the Apostolic See:

1/ the ordinary of the place where the offender is present;

2/ if the penalty has been imposed or declared, the ordinary who initiated the trial to impose or declare the penalty or who personally or through another imposed or declared it by decree.

§2. The author of the precept must be consulted before remission is made unless this is impossible because of extraordinary circumstances.

Can. 1356 — § 1. A ferendae or a latae sententiae penalty established in a precept not issued by the Apostolic See, can be remitted by the following:

1° the author of the precept;

2° the Ordinary who initiated the judicial proceedings to impose or declare the penalty, or who by a decree, either personally or through another, imposed or declared it;

3° the Ordinary of the place where the offender actually is.

§ 2. Before the remission is granted, the author of the precept, or the one who imposed or declared the penalty, is to be consulted, unless because of extraordinary circumstances this is impossible.

Điều 1356

§1. Những vị sau đây có thể tha một hình phạt hậu kết hay tiền kết được thiết lập bởi một mệnh lệnh không do Tông Toà ban hành:

10 chính tác giả của mệnh lệnh phạt;

20 Bản Quyền đã phát động việc xét xử để tuyên kết hay tuyên bố hình phạt hay đã tuyên kết hay đã đích thân hay qua người khác, tuyên bố bằng sắc lệnh.

30 Bản Quyền sở tại, tại nơi mà phạm nhân đang ở.

§2. Trước khi tha một hình phạt, phải tham khảo ý kiến của người ban mệnh lệnh phạt, hoặc người đã tuyên kết hay tuyên bố hình phạt, trừ khi không thể hỏi ý kiến được do những hoàn cảnh bất thường.

Can. 1357 §1. Without prejudice to the prescripts of cann. 508 and 976, a confessor can remit in the internal sacramental forum an undeclared latae sententiae censure of excommunication or interdict if it is burdensome for the penitent to remain in the state of grave sin during the time necessary for the competent superior to make provision.

§2. In granting the remission, the confessor is to impose on the penitent, under the penalty of reincidence, the obligation of making recourse within a month to the competent superior or to a priest endowed with the faculty and the obligation of obeying his mandates; in the meantime he is to impose a suitable penance and, insofar as it is demanded, reparation of any scandal and damage; however, recourse can also be made through the confessor, without mention of the name.

§3. After they have recovered, those for whom an imposed or declared censure or one reserved to the Apostolic See has been remitted according to the norm of can. 976 are also obliged to make recourse.

Can. 1357 — § 1. Without prejudice to the provisions of cann. 508 and 976, a confessor can in the internal sacramental forum remit a latae sententiae censure of excommunication or interdict which has not been declared, if it is difficult for the penitent to remain in a state of grave sin for the time necessary for the competent Superior to provide.

§ 2. In granting the remission, the confessor is to impose upon the penitent, under pain of again incurring the censure, the obligation to have recourse within one month to the competent Superior or to a priest having the requisite faculty, and to abide by his instructions. In the meantime, the confessor is to impose an appropriate penance and, to the extent demanded, to require reparation of scandal and harm. The recourse, however, may be made even through the confessor, without mention of a name.

§ 3. The same duty of recourse, when the danger has ceased, binds those who in accordance with can. 976 have had remitted an imposed or declared censure or one reserved to the Holy See.

Điều 1357

§l. Miễn là vẫn giữ nguyên những quy định của các điều 508 và 976, cha giải tội có thể tha ở toà trong, lúc ban bí tích, vạ tuyệt thông tiền kết hay vạ cấm chế tiền kết chưa được tuyên bố, nếu hối nhân cảm thấy khổ sở khi phải sống trong tình trạng tội trọng suốt thời gian cần thiết để bề trên có thẩm quyền định liệu.

§2. Khi tha vạ, cha giải tội phải buộc hối nhân, nếu bất tuân, thì sẽ mắc vạ lại, trong vòng một tháng phải thượng cầu lên bề trên có thẩm quyền hay lên tư tế có năng quyền và phải tuân theo quyết định của ngài; trong khi chờ đợi, cha giải tội phải ra một việc đền tội cân xứng và phải buộc đương sự sửa chữa gương xấu cũng như đền bù thiệt hại trong mức độ cần thiết;

cũng có thể nhờ cha giải tội thực hiện việc thượng cầu này, nhưng không nêu danh tính của hối nhân.

§3. Những người đã được giải vạ đã được tuyên kết, hay đã được tuyên bố, hay được dành riêng cho Tông Toà, chiếu theo quy tắc của điều 976, đều buộc phải giữ nghĩa vụ thượng cầu, sau khi mối nguy hiểm đã qua khỏi.

Can. 1358 §1. Remission of a censure cannot be granted unless the offender has withdrawn from contumacy according to the norm of can. 1347, §2; it cannot be denied, however, to a person who withdraws from contumacy.

§2. The person who remits a censure can make provision according to the norm of can. 1348 or can even impose a penance.

Can. 1358 — § 1. The remission of a censure cannot be granted except to an offender whose contempt has been purged in accordance with can. 1347 § 2. However, once the contempt has been purged, the remission cannot be refused, without prejudice to the provision of can. 1361 § 4.

§ 2 The one who remits a censure can make provision in accordance with can. 1348, and can also impose a penance.

Điều 1358

§1. Vạ sẽ không được tha nếu phạm nhân vẫn còn ngoan cố, chiếu theo quy tắc của điều 1347 §2; nhưng không được từ chối tha vạ cho phạm nhân nào đã hết ngoan cố, trừ ra những gì quy định ở điều 1361 §4.

§2. Người nào tha vạ, thì có thể áp dụng các biện pháp chiếu theo quy tắc của điều 1348 hay cũng có thể áp đặt một việc Sám Hối.

Can. 1359 If several penalties bind a person, a remission is valid only for the penalties expressed in it; a general remission, however, takes away all penalties except those which the offender in bad faith omitted in the petition.

Can. 1359 — If one is bound by a number of penalties, a remission is valid only for those penalties expressed in it. A general remission, however, removes all penalties, except those which in the petition the offender concealed in bad faith.

Điều 1359

Nếu một người mắc nhiều hình phạt, thì chỉ có những hình phạt được nêu ra cách rõ ràng mới được tha; nhưng việc tha tổng quát vẫn hu􏰆 bỏ mọi hình phạt, trừ những hình phạt mà phạm nhân vì gian ý đã không nêu ra trong đơn thỉnh cầu.

Can. 1360 The remission of a penalty extorted by grave fear is invalid.

Can. 1360 — The remission of a penalty extorted by force or grave fear or deceit is invalid by virtue of the law itself.

Điều 1360

Việc tha hình phạt sẽ vô hiệu do chính luật, nếu bị vũ lực hay đe doạ nặng nề hay lừa gạt.

Can. 1361 §1. A remission can also be given conditionally or to a person who is absent.

§2. A remission in the external forum is to be given in writing unless a grave cause suggests otherwise.

§3. Care is to be taken that the petition of remission or the remission itself is not divulged except insofar as it is either useful to protect the reputation of the offender or necessary to repair scandal.

Can. 1361 — § 1. A remission can be granted even to a person who is not present, or conditionally.

§ 2. A remission in the external forum is to be granted in writing, unless a grave reason suggests otherwise.

§ 3. The petition for remission or the remission itself is not to be made public, except in so far as this would either be useful for the protection of the good name of the offender, or be necessary to repair scandal.

§ 4. Remission must not be granted until, in the prudent judgement of the Ordinary, the offender has repaired any harm caused. The offender may be urged to make such reparation or restitution by one of the penalties mentioned in can. 1336 §§ 2-4; the same applies also when the offender is granted remission of a censure under can. 1358 § 1.

Điều 1361

§l. Có thể tha hình phạt cho cả người vắng mặt, hoặc tha với điều kiện.

§2. Việc tha hình phạt ở toà ngoài phải được ban bằng văn bản, trừ khi có một lý do nghiêm trọng khuyên làm cách khác.

§3. Phải cẩn thận đừng để việc xin tha hình phạt hay chính việc tha hình phạt bị tiết lộ, trừ khi điều đó hữu ích để bảo vệ thanh danh cho phạm nhân hay cần thiết để sửa chữa một gương xấu.

§4. Không được tha phạt bao lâu, theo nhận định thận trọng của Bản Quyền, phạm nhân chưa sửa chữa thiệt hại đã gây ra; phạm nhân có thể được thúc giục để sửa chữa hay bồi hoàn, với một trong những hình phạt được nói tới ở điều 1336, §§ 2-4, và điều đó cũng áp dụng cho người ấy khi tha vạ theo quy tắc của điều 1358, § 1.

Can. 1362 §1. Prescription extinguishes a criminal action after three years unless it concerns:

1/ delicts reserved to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith;

2/ an action arising from the delicts mentioned in cann. 1394, 1395, 1397, and 1398, which have a prescription of five years;

3/ delicts which are not punished in the common law if particular law has established another period for prescription.

§2. Prescription runs from the day on which the delict was committed or, if the delict is continuous or habitual, from the day on which it ceased.

Can. 1362 — § 1. A criminal action is extinguished by prescription after three years, except for:

1° offences reserved to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which are subject to special norms;

2° without prejudice to n. 1, an action arising from any of the offences mentioned in cann. 1376, 1377, 1378, 1393 § 1, 1394, 1395, 1397, or 1398 § 2, which is extinguished after seven years, or one arising from the offences mentioned in can. 1398 § 1, which is extinguished after twenty years;

3° offences not punished by the universal law, where a particular law has prescribed a different period of prescription.

§ 2. Prescription, unless provided otherwise in a law, runs from the day the offence was committed or, if the offence was enduring or habitual, from the day it ceased.

§ 3. When the offender has been summoned in accordance with can. 1723, or informed in the manner provided in can. 1507 § 3 of the presentation of the petition of accusation according to can. 1721 § 1, prescription of the criminal action is suspended for three years; once this period has expired or the suspension has been interrupted through the cessation of the penal process, time runs once again and is added to the period of prescription which has already elapsed. The same suspension equally applies if, observing can. 1720 n. 1, the procedure is followed for imposing or declaring a penalty by way of an extra-judicial decree.

Điều 1362

§ 1. Một tố quyền hình sự thì chấm dứt do thời hiệu sau ba năm, trừ khi liên quan đến:

1. 1° những tội phạm dành riêng cho Bộ Giáo Lý Đức Tin, theo qui tắc đặc biệt;

2. 2° giữ nguyên qui định ở số 1°, một hành động do bất cứ tội phạm nào nói tới ở điều 1376, 1377, 1378, 1393 § 1, 1394, 1395, 1397, hay 1398 § 2, thì chấm dứt sau bảy năm, hay một hành động do những tội phạm nói tới ở Giáo luật 1398 § 1, thì chấm dứt sau hai mươi năm;

3. 3° những tội phạm không bị luật phổ quát phạt, nếu luật địa phương đã ấn định một thời hiệu khác.

§ 2. Trừ trường hợp luật đã ấn định cách khác, thời hiệu bắt đầu từ ngày tội phạm xảy ra hay, nếu tội phạm kéo dài hay thường xuyên, thì từ ngày tội phạm ngừng lại.

§ 3. Khi phạm nhân được toà triệu tập theo qui tắc của điều 1723, hay được thông tri theo cách thế điều 1507 § 3 nói tới về việc trình bày đơn tố giác, thì thời hiệu của tố quyền hình sự cho ba năm bị treo lại; hết thời hạn này hay khi sự treo thời hạn bị gián đoạn vì lý do chấm dứt thủ tục hình sự, thì thời gian lại được tính lại, cộng vào với thời gian đã trải qua rồi do thời hiệu. Sự treo thời hiệu cũng áp dụng tương tự nếu, đang khi tuân giữ điều 1720, 10, tiến trình được theo đuổi để áp đặt hay tuyên bố hình phạt với một sắc lệnh ngoại tư pháp.

Can. 1363 §1. Prescription extinguishes an action to execute a penalty if the offender is not notified of the executive decree of the judge mentioned in can. 1651 within the time limits mentioned in can. 1362; these limits are to be computed from the day on which the condemnatory sentence became a res iudicata.

§2. Having observed what is required, the same is valid if the penalty was imposed by extrajudicial decree.

Can. 1363 — § 1. An action to execute a penalty is extinguished by prescription if the judge’s decree of execution mentioned in can. 1651 was not notified to the offender within the periods mentioned in can. 1362; these periods are to be reckoned from the day the condemnatory judgement became an adjudged matter.

§ 2. The same applies, with the necessary adjustments, if the penalty was imposed by an extra-judicial decree.

Điều 1363

§1. Tố quyền nhắm để chấp hành hình phạt bị thời hiệu tiêu hu􏰆 nếu sắc lệnh thi hành án của thẩm phán được nói đến ở điều 1651 đã không được thông báo cho phạm nhân trong thời hạn được nói đến ở điều 1362, thời hạn này tính từ ngày phán quyết kết án trở thành vấn đề quyết tụng.

§2. Nguyên tắc trên đây cũng có giá trị, miễn là vẫn giữ những gì luật định, nếu hình phạt được tuyên kết bằng sắc lệnh ngoài toà án.

2. PART II: PARTICULAR OFFENCES AND THE PENALTIES ESTABLISHED FOR THEM

2.1. TITLE I: OFFENCES AGAINST THE FAITH AND THE UNITY OF THE CHURCH

PHẦN II: CÁC TỘI PHẠM RIÊNG BIỆT VÀ HÌNH PHẠT CHO TỪNG TỘI PHẠM ĐỀ MỤC I: TỘI PHẠM CHỐNG LẠI ĐỨC TIN VÀ TÍNH DUY NHẤT CỦA GIÁO HỘI

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1364 §1. Without prejudice to the prescript of can. 194, §1, n. 2, an apostate from the faith, a heretic, or a schismatic incurs a latae sententiae excommunication; in addition, a cleric can be punished with the penalties mentioned in can. 1336, §1, nn. 1, 2, and 3.

§2. If contumacy of long duration or the gravity of scandal demands it, other penalties can be added, including dismissal from the clerical state.

Can. 1364 — § 1. An apostate from the faith, a heretic or a schismatic incurs a latae sententiae excommunication, without prejudice to the provision of can. 194 § 1 n. 2; he or she may also be punished with the penalties mentioned in can. 1336 §§ 2-4.

§ 2. If a long-standing contempt or the gravity of scandal calls for it, other penalties may be added, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state.

Điều 1364

§l. Người bội giáo, lạc giáo hay ly giáo bị vạ tuyệt thông tiền kết, vẫn giữ nguyên những quy định của điều 194 §1, 20, ngoài ra, người ấy có thể phải chịu những hình phạt được nói đến ở điều 1336, § 2-4.

§2. Có thể thêm những hình phạt khác, kể cả việc thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ, nếu có một sự ngoan cố kéo dài hay sự nghiêm trọng của gương xấu đòi hỏi điều đó.

Can. 1365 A person guilty of prohibited participation in sacred rites (communicatio in sacris) is to be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1365 — A person who, apart from the case mentioned in canon 1364 § 1, teaches a doctrine condemned by the Roman Pontiff, or by an Ecumenical Council, or obstinately rejects the teaching mentioned in canon 750 § 2 or canon 752 and, when warned by the Apostolic See or the Ordinary, does not retract, is to be punished with a censure and deprivation of office; to these sanctions others mentioned in can. 1336 §§ 2-4 may be added.

Điều 1365

Người nào, ngoài trường hợp nói ở điều 1364 § 1, dạy một học thuyết đã bị Đức Giáo hoàng Roma hay Công đồng chung kết án, hay cố chấp từ khước giáo huấn được nói tới ở điều 750, § 2, hay điều 752, và đã được Tông Toà hay Bản Quyền cảnh cáo, mà không rút lại, phải bị phạt bằng một vạ và tước bỏ giáo vụ; có thể thêm vào những chế tài này các biện pháp khác được nói tới ở điều 1336 §§ 2-4.

Can. 1366 Parents or those who take the place of parents who hand over their children to be baptized or educated in a non Catholic religion are to be punished with a censure or other just penalty.

Can. 1366 — A person who appeals from an act of the Roman Pontiff to an Ecumenical Council or to the College of Bishops is to be punished with a censure.

Điều 1366

Người nào nại tới Công đồng chung hay nại tới Giám Mục đoàn, để chống lại một hành vi của Đức Giáo hoàng Roma, phải bị phạt vạ.

Can. 1367 A person who throws away the consecrated species or takes or retains them for a sacrilegious purpose incurs a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; moreover, a cleric can be punished with another penalty, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state.

Can. 1367 — Parents and those taking the place of parents who hand over their children to be baptised or brought up in a non-Catholic religion are to be punished with a censure or other just penalty.

Điều 1367

Những bậc cha mẹ hay những người thay quyền cha mẹ đã cho con cái được Rửa Tội hay được giáo dục trong một tôn giáo không Công Giáo, phải bị phạt vạ hay phải chịu một hình phạt khác thích đáng.

Can. 1368 A person who commits perjury while asserting or promising something before ecclesiastical authority is to be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1368 — A person is to be punished with a just penalty who, at a public event or assembly, or in a published writing, or by otherwise using the means of social communication, utters blasphemy, or gravely harms public morals, or rails at or excites hatred of or contempt for religion or the Church.

Điều 1368

Người nào, trong một buổi biểu diễn, hoặc trong một hội nghị công cộng, hoặc trong khi dùng những phương tiện truyền thông xã hội khác, nói lộng ngôn hoặc xúc phạm nặng nề đến thuần phong m􏰇 tục, hoặc mạ lỵ, hoặc kích động lòng thù ghét hay khinh dể chống đối tôn giáo hay Giáo Hội, thì phải chịu một hình phạt thích đáng.

Can. 1369 A person who in a public show or speech, in published writing, or in other uses of the instruments of social communication utters blasphemy, gravely injures good morals, expresses insults, or excites hatred or contempt against religion or the Church is to be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1369 — A person who profanes a sacred object, moveable or immovable, is to be punished with a just penalty.

Ði􏰅u 1369

Ai xúc phạm đến một đồ thánh, động sản hay bất động sản, phải bị phạt hình phạt thích đáng.

2.2. TITLE II: OFFENCES AGAINST CHURCH AUTHORITIES AND THE EXERCISE OF DUTIES

ĐỀ MỤC II: TỘI PHẠM CHỐNG LẠI NHÀ CHỨC TRÁCH GIÁO HỘI VÀ CHỐNG LẠI SỰ THI HÀNH NHIỆM VỤ

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1370 §1. A person who uses physical force against the Roman Pontiff incurs a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; if he is a cleric, another penalty, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state, can be added according to the gravity of the delict.

§2. A person who does this against a bishop incurs a latae sententiae interdict and, if he is a cleric, also a latae sententiae suspension.

§3. A person who uses physical force against a cleric or religious out of contempt for the faith, the Church, ecclesiastical power, or the ministry is to be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1370 — § 1. A person who uses physical force against the Roman Pontiff incurs a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; if the offender is a cleric, another penalty, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state, may be added according to the gravity of the crime.

§ 2. One who does this against a Bishop incurs a latae sententiae interdict and, if a cleric, he incurs also a latae sententiae suspension.

§ 3. A person who uses physical force against a cleric or religious or another of Christ’s faithful out of contempt for the faith, or the Church, or ecclesiastical authority or the ministry, is to be punished with a just penalty.

Điều 1370

ĐỀ MỤC II

TỘI PHẠM CHỐNG LẠI NHÀ CHỨC TRÁCH GIÁO HỘI VÀ CHỐNG LẠI SỰ THI HÀNH NHIỆM VỤ

§1. Người nào dùng vũ lực thể lý chống lại Đức Giáo Hoàng Rôma, thì bị vạ tuyệt thông tiền kết dành cho Tông Toà; nếu người ấy là giáo sĩ, thì tuỳ theo tính cách nghiêm trọng của tội phạm, có thể phải chịu thêm một hình phạt khác nữa, kể cả việc thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

§2. Người nào dùng vũ lực thể lý chống lại một người có chức Giám Mục, thì bị vạ cấm chế tiền kết; nếu người ấy là giáo sĩ, thì còn bị vạ huyền chức tiền kết nữa.

§3. Người nào dùng vũ lực thể lý chống lại một giáo sĩ hay một tu sĩ hay một giáo dân, vì khinh dể đức tin hay Giáo Hội, hay quyền bính, hay thừa tác vụ của Giáo Hội, thì phải chịu một hình phạt thích đáng.

Can. 1371 The following are to be punished with a just penalty:

1/ in addition to the case mentioned in can. 1364, §1, a person who teaches a doctrine condemned by the Roman Pontiff or an ecumenical council or who obstinately rejects the doctrine mentioned in can. 750, §2 or in can. 752 and who does not retract after having been admonished by the Apostolic See or an ordinary;

2/ a person who otherwise does not obey a legitimate precept or prohibition of the Apostolic See, an ordinary, or a superior and who persists in disobedience after a warning.

Can. 1371 — § 1. A person who does not obey the lawful command or prohibition of the Apostolic See or the Ordinary or Superior and, after being warned, persists in disobedience, is to be punished, according to the gravity of the case, with a censure or deprivation of office or with other penalties mentioned in can. 1336, §§ 2-4.

§ 2. A person who violates obligations imposed by a penalty is to be punished with the penalties mentioned in can. 1336 §§ 2-4.

§ 3. A person who, in asserting or promising something before an ecclesiastical authority, commits perjury, is to be punished with a just penalty.

§ 4. A person who violates the obligation of observing the pontifical secret is to be punished with the penalties mentioned in can. 1336 §§ 2-4.

§ 5. A person who fails to observe the duty to execute an executive sentence is to be punished with a just penalty, not excluding a censure.

§ 6. A person who neglects to report an offence, when required to do so by a canonical law, is to be punished according to the provision of can. 1336 §§ 2-4, with the addition of other penalties according to the gravity of the offence.

Điều 1371

§1. Người nào không vâng theo lệnh truyền hoặc lệnh cấm hợp pháp của Tông Toà, của Bản Quyền hay của Bề trên, và vẫn ngoan cố không vâng phục sau khi đã bị cảnh cáo, thì phải bị phạt, tuỳ theo mức nghiêm trọng của sự việc, bằng một vạ hay bằng một sự tước bỏ giáo vụ hay bằng những hình phạt khác được nói tới ở điều 1336, §§ 2-4.

§2. Ai vi phạm các bổn phận mà một hình phạt đã đặt ra cho người ấy, thì phải chịu các hình phạt nói tới ở điều 1336, §§ 2-4.

§3. Người nào thề gian khi quả quyết hay hứa một điều gì đó trước nhà chức trách Giáo Hội, thì người ấy phải chịu hình phạt thích đáng.

§4. Người nào vi phạm bổn phận giữ bí mật giáo hoàng, người ấy phải chịu những hình phạt như nói tới ở điều 1336, §§ 2-4.

§5. Người nào không tuân thủ bổn phận thi hành một án lệnh hành pháp hay một sắc lệnh hình sự hành pháp, người ấy phải chịu hình phạt thích đáng, không loại trừ phạt vạ.

§6. Người nào bỏ qua sự thông tri tin tức về một tội phạm khi giáo luật buộc thông tri, thì người ấy phải bị phạt theo qui tắc của điều 1336, §§ 2-4, và thêm các hình phạt khác, tuỳ theo mức nghiêm trọng của tội phạm.

Can. 1372 A person who makes recourse against an act of the Roman Pontiff to an ecumenical council or the college of bishops is to be punished with a censure.

Can. 1372 — The following are to be punished according to the provision of can. 1336 §§ 2-4:

1° those who hinder the freedom of the ministry or the exercise of ecclesiastical power, or the lawful use of sacred things or

ecclesiastical goods, or who intimidate one who has exercised ecclesiastical power or ministry; 2° those who hinder the freedom of an election or intimidate an elector or one who is elected.

Điều 1372

Phải bị phạt theo quy tắc của điều 1336, §§ 2-4:

10 những người nào ngăn cản sự tự do của một thừa tác vụ hay sự tự do thi hành quyền bính Giáo Hội hoặc sự sử dụng hợp pháp những của thánh hay những tài sản khác của Giáo Hội, hoặc hăm doạ người đã thi hành quyền bính hay một thừa tác vụ Giáo Hội;

20 những người nào ngăn cản sự tự do bầu cử hay hăm doạ một cử tri, hay một người đắc cử.

Can. 1373 A person who publicly incites among subjects animosities or hatred against the Apostolic See or an ordinary because of some act of power or ecclesiastical ministry or provokes subjects to disobey them is to be punished by an interdict or other just penalties.

Can. 1373 — A person who publicly incites hatred or animosity against the Apostolic See or the Ordinary because of some act of ecclesiastical office or duty, or who provokes disobedience against them, is to be punished by interdict or other just penalties.

Điều 1373

Người nào công khai kích động sự chống đối hay thù ghét Tông Toà hay Bản Quyền vì một hành vi nào đó của giáo vụ hay phận vụ Giáo Hội, hoặc người nào xúi giục sự không vâng phục các ngài, thì phải bị vạ cấm chế hay những hình phạt thích đáng khác.

Can. 1374 A person who joins an association which plots against the Church is to be punished with a just penalty; however, a person who promotes or directs an association of this kind is to be punished with an interdict.

Can. 1374 — A person who joins an association which plots against the Church is to be punished with a just penalty; one who promotes or takes office in such an association is to be punished with an interdict.

Điều 1374

Người nào ghi danh vào một hiệp hội âm mưu chống lại Giáo Hội, thì phải chịu một hình phạt thích đáng; còn người nào cổ động hoặc điều hành hiệp hội ấy, thì phải bị phạt vạ cấm chế.

Can. 1375 Those who impede the freedom of ministry, of election, or of ecclesiastical power or the legitimate use of sacred goods or other ecclesiastical goods or who greatly intimidate an elector, one elected, or one who exercises ecclesiastical power or ministry can be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1375 — § 1. Anyone who usurps an ecclesiastical office is to be punished with a just penalty.

§ 2. The unlawful retention of an office after being deprived of it, or ceasing from it, is equivalent to usurpation.

Ði􏰅u 1375

§1. Bất cứ ai chiếm đoạt một giáo vụ, người ấy phải chịu hình phạt thích đáng.

§2. Việc giữ lại cách bất hợp pháp một nhiệm vụ sau khi đã bị truất chức hay mãn chức cũng kể như tương đương với sự chiếm đoạt.

Can. 1376 A person who profanes a movable or immovable sacred object is to be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1376 — § 1. The following are to be punished with the penalties mentioned in can. 1336 §§ 2-4, without prejudice to the obligation of repairing the harm:

1° a person who steals ecclesiastical goods or prevents their proceeds from being received;

2° a person who without the prescribed consultation, consent, or permission, or without another requirement imposed by law for validity or for lawfulness, alienates ecclesiastical goods or carries out an act of administration over them.

§ 2. The following are to be punished, not excluding by deprivation of office, without prejudice to the obligation of repairing the harm:

1° a person who through grave personal culpability commits the offence mentioned in § 1, n. 2;

2° a person who is found to have been otherwise gravely negligent in administering ecclesiastical goods.

Ði􏰅u 1376

§1. Vẫn giữ bó buộc phải sửa chữa thiệt hại, những người sau đây phải bị phạt theo những hình phạt ở điều 1336, §§ 2-4, :

10 người nào lấy tài sản của Giáo Hội hay cản trở nhận hoa lợi phát sinh;

20 người nào chuyển nhượng tài sản của Giáo Hội hay thực hiện một hành vi quản trị trên chúng, mà không có sự tham khảo, sự đồng ý hay phép quy định hay không có một điều kiện mà luật bó buộc đối với tính thành sự và tính hợp pháp của hành vi.

§2. Không loại trừ việc tước bỏ giáo vụ, vẫn giữ nguyên bó buộc phải sửa chữa thiệt hại, những người sau đây phải chịu hình phạt thích đáng:

10 người nào do lỗi cá nhân đã phạm tội nói tới ở §1, 20;

20 người nào được thấy là theo cách thức khác, đã chểnh mảng nghiêm trọng trong quản trị tài sản của Giáo Hội.

Can. 1377 A person who alienates ecclesiastical goods without the prescribed permission is to be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1377 — § 1. A person who gives or promises something so that someone who exercises an office or function in the Church would unlawfully act or fail to act is to be punished according to the provision of can. 1336 §§ 2-4; likewise, the person who accepts such gifts or promises is to be punished according to the gravity of the offence, not excluding by deprivation of office, without prejudice to the obligation of repairing the harm.

§ 2. A person who in the exercise of an office or function requests an offering beyond that which has been established, or additional sums, or something for his or her own benefit, is to be punished with an appropriate monetary fine or with other penalties, not excluding deprivation of office, without prejudice to the obligation of repairing the harm.

Ði􏰅u 1377

§1. Ai biếu hay hứa bất cứ điều gì cho một người thi hành một chức vụ hay một nhiệm vụ trong Giáo Hội, để đạt được từ họ một hành động hay một sự bỏ qua bất hợp lệ, thì phải bị phạt với một hình phạt thích đáng theo quy tắc của điều 1336, §§ 2-4; cũng vậy người nào chấp nhận tặng phẩm và lời hứa cũng phải bị phạt tương xứng với tầm mức của tội phạm, không loại trừ việc tước bỏ giáo vụ, vẫn giữ nguyên bó buộc phải sửa chữa thiệt hại.

§2. Ai, trong khi thi hành chức vụ hay một nhiệm vụ, đòi quà biếu ngoài những gì ấn định, hoặc đó là thêm số tiền, hoặc cái gì đó để thủ lợi, thì phải bị phạt với số tiền bồi thường tương xứng hay với những hình phạt khác, không loại trừ việc tước bỏ chức vụ, vẫn giữ nguyên bó buộc phải sửa chữa thiệt hại.

Can. 1378 §1. A priest who acts against the prescript of can. 977 incurs a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See.

§2. The following incur a latae sententiae penalty of interdict or, if a cleric, a latae sententiae penalty of suspension:

1/ a person who attempts the liturgical action of the Eucharistic sacrifice though not promoted to the sacerdotal order;

2/ apart from the case mentioned in §1, a person who, though unable to give sacramental absolution validly, attempts to impart it or who hears sacramental confession.

§3. In the cases mentioned in §2, other penalties, not excluding excommunication, can be added according to the gravity of the delict.

Can. 1378 — § 1. A person who, apart from the cases already foreseen by the law, abuses ecclesiastical power, office, or function, is to be punished according to the gravity of the act or the omission, not excluding by deprivation of the power or office, without prejudice to the obligation of repairing the harm.

§ 2. A person who, through culpable negligence, unlawfully and with harm to another or scandal, performs or omits an act of ecclesiastical power or office or function, is to be punished according to the provision of can. 1336 §§ 2-4, without prejudice to the obligation of repairing the harm.

Ði􏰅u 1378

§1. Người nào, không kể những trường hợp mà luật đã dự liệu, lạm dụng quyền bính, chức vụ, nhiệm vụ Giáo Hội, thì phải bị phạt tuỳ theo mức nghiêm trọng của hành vi đã làm hay đã bỏ qua, không loại trừ việc tước bỏ chức vụ hay nhiệm vụ, vẫn giữ nguyên bó buộc sửa chữa thiệt hại.

§2. Người nào, vì chểnh mảng có lỗi, đã thực hiện hay bỏ qua một hành vi thuộc quyền bính, chức vụ hay nhiệm vụ Giáo Hội, khiến gây nên thiệt hại cho người khác hay gây gương xấu, thì phải bị phạt với hình phạt thích đáng, theo qui tắc của điều 1336, §§ 2-4, vẫn giữ nguyên bó buộc phải sửa chữa thiệt hại.

2.3. TITLE III: OFFENCES AGAINST THE SACRAMENTS

ĐỀ MỤC III: NHỮNG TỘI PHẠM NGHỊCH LẠI CÁC BÍ TÍCH

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1379 In addition to the cases mentioned in can. 1378, a person who simulates the administration of a sacrament is to be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1379 — § 1. The following incur a latae sententiae interdict or, if a cleric, also a latae sententiae suspension: 1° a person who, not being an ordained priest, attempts the liturgical celebration of the Eucharistic Sacrifice;

2° a person who, apart from the case mentioned in can. 1384, though unable to give valid sacramental absolution, attempts to do so, or hears a sacramental confession.

§ 2. In the cases mentioned in § 1, other penalties, not excluding excommunication, can be added, according to the gravity of the offence.

§ 3. Both a person who attempts to confer a sacred order on a woman, and the woman who attempts to receive the sacred order, incur a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; a cleric, moreover, may be punished by dismissal from the clerical state.

§ 4. A person who deliberately administers a sacrament to those who are prohibited from receiving it is to be punished with suspension, to which other penalties mentioned in can. 1336 §§ 2-4 may be added.

§ 5. A person who, apart from the cases mentioned in §§ 1-4 and in can. 1384, pretends to administer a sacrament is to be punished with a just penalty.

Ði􏰅u 1379

§1. Bị hình phạt tiền kết cấm chế hay, nếu là giáo sĩ, cả hình phạt huyền chức:

10 người nào không có chức tư tế mà dám cử hành phụng vụ Thánh thể;

20 người nào, ngoài trường hợp nói tới ở điều 1384, không thể xá giải bí tích thành sự, mà lại ban xá giải hay nghe xưng tội bí tích.

§2. Trong những trường hợp nói tới ở § 1, có thể thêm những hình phạt khác, không loại trừ vạ tuyệt thông.

§ 3. Cả người đã truyền chức thánh cho một người nữ, lẫn người nữ đã lãnh nhận chức thánh, đều mắc vạ tuyệt thông tiền kết dành riêng cho Tông Toà; ngoài ra, giáo sĩ còn có thể bị phạt bằng sự thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

§ 4. Người nào chủ ý ban bí tích cho người bị cấm lãnh nhận, thì người ấy phải bị phạt huyền chức; có thể thêm vào những hình phạt nói tới ở điều 1336 §§ 2-4.

§ 5. Ngoài những trường hợp nói tới ở §§ 1-4 và ở điều 1384, người nào giả bộ ban bí tích, thì phải bị phạt với một hình phạt thích đáng.

Can. 1380 A person who celebrates or receives a sacrament through simony is to be punished with an interdict or suspension.

Can. 1380 — A person who through simony celebrates or receives a sacrament is to be punished with an interdict or suspension or the penalties mentioned in can. 1336 §§ 2-4.

Ði􏰅u 1380

Ai cử hành hay lãnh nhận một bí tích vì mại thánh, phải bị phạt cấm chế hay huyền chức hay với những hình phạt nói tới ở điều 1336, §§ 2-4.

Ðiều 1381

Người nào vi phạm lệnh cấm thông dự vào việc thánh (communicatio in sacris), thì phải chịu một hình phạt thích đáng.

Can. 1381 §1. Whoever usurps an ecclesiastical office is to be punished with a just penalty.

§2. Illegitimate retention of a function after its privation or cessation is equivalent to usurpation.

Can. 1381 — One who is guilty of prohibited participation in religious rites is to be punished with a just penalty.

Ðiều 1381

Người nào vi phạm lệnh cấm thông dự vào việc thánh (communicatio in sacris), thì phải chịu một hình phạt thích đáng.

Can. 1382 A bishop who consecrates some one a bishop without a pontifical mandate and the person who receives the consecration from him incur a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See.

Can. 1382 — § 1. One who throws away the consecrated species or, for a sacrilegious purpose, takes them away or keeps them, incurs a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; a cleric, moreover, may be punished with some other penalty, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state.

§ 2. A person guilty of consecrating for a sacrilegious purpose one element only or both elements within the Eucharistic celebration or outside it is to be punished according to the gravity of the offence, not excluding by dismissal from the clerical state.

Ði􏰅u 1382

§1. Người ném bỏ Mình Máu Thánh Chúa, hoặc lấy và giữ với mục đích phạm thánh, thì mắc vạ tuyệt thông tiền kết dành cho Tông Toà; ngoài ra giáo sĩ có thể bị hình phạt khác nữa, kể cả việc thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

§2. Người truyền phép chỉ một hay cả hai hình trong cử hành Thánh Thể hay ngoài cử hành Thánh Thể, với mục đích phạm thánh, phải bị phạt tương xứng với mức nghiêm trọng của tội phạm, kể cả việc thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

Can. 1383 A bishop who, contrary to the prescript of can. 1015, ordains without legitimate dimissorial letters someone who is not his subject is prohibited for a year from conferring the order. The person who has received the ordination, however, is ipso facto suspended from the order received.

Can. 1383 — A person who unlawfully traffics in Mass offerings is to be punished with a censure or with the penalties mentioned in can. 1336 §§ 2-4.

Ðiều 1383

Ai trục lợi bất hợp pháp trên các bổng lễ, phải bị phạt vạ hay những hình phạt khác như nói tới ở điều 1336, §§ 2-4.

Can. 1384 In addition to the cases mentioned in cann. 1378-1383, a person who illegitimately performs a priestly function or another sacred ministry can be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1384 — A priest who acts against the prescription of can. 977 incurs a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See.

Ði􏰅u 1384

Tư tế nào hành động ngược lại các quy định ở điều 977, thì bị mắc vạ tuyệt thông tiền kết dành cho Tòa Thánh.

Can. 1385 A person who illegitimately makes a profit from a Mass offering is to be punished with a censure or another just penalty.

Can. 1385 — A priest who in confession, or on the occasion or under the pretext of confession, solicits a penitent to commit a sin against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue, is to be punished, according to the gravity of the offence, with suspension, prohibitions and deprivations; in the more serious cases he is to be dismissed from the clerical state.

Ði􏰅u 1385

Linh mục nào trong khi giải tội, hay nhân dịp giải tội, hay lấy cớ giải tội, mà dụ dỗ hối nhân phạm tội nghịch điều răn thứ sáu, tùy theo mức nghiêm trọng của tội phạm, phải bị phạt huyền chức, cấm quyền, tước quyền và, trong những trường hợp nặng hơn, phải bị thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

Can. 1386 A person who gives or promises something so that someone who exercises a function in the Church will do or omit something illegitimately is to be punished with a just penalty; likewise, the one who accepts such gifts or promises.

Can. 1386 — § 1. A confessor who directly violates the sacramental seal incurs a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; he who does so only indirectly is to be punished according to the gravity of the offence.

§ 2. Interpreters, and the others mentioned in can. 983 § 2, who violate the secret are to be punished with a just penalty, not excluding excommunication.

§ 3. Without prejudice to the provisions of §§ 1 and 2, any person who by means of any technical device makes a recording of what is said by the priest or by the penitent in a sacramental confession, either real or simulated, or who divulges it through the means of social communication, is to be punished according to the gravity of the offence, not excluding, in the case of a cleric, by dismissal from the clerical state.

Ði􏰅u 1386

§1. Cha giải tội nào vi phạm trực tiếp ấn bí tích, thì bị mắc vạ tuyệt thông tiền kết dành cho Tông Tòa. Còn ai chỉ vi phạm gián tiếp, thì phải bị phạt tùy theo mức nghiêm trọng của tội phạm.

§2. Thông dịch viên và những người khác nói ở điều 983 § 2, nếu vi phạm bí mật, phải bị phạt hình phạt xứng đáng, kể cả vạ tuyệt thông.

§3. Vẫn giữ qui định của §§ 1 và 2, bất cứ ai với bất kỳ phương tiện k􏰇 thuật nào, thu những điều do vị giải tội hay do hối nhân nói trong bí tích cáo giải, dù là thật hay giả bộ, hay người

phổ biến nó qua phương tiện truyền thông xã hội, người ấy phải bị phạt theo mức nghiêm trọng của tội phạm, nếu là giáo sĩ, kể cả việc thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

Can. 1387 A priest who in the act, on the occasion, or under the pretext of confession solicits a penitent to sin against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue is to be punished, according to the gravity of the delict, by suspension, prohibitions, and privations; in graver cases he is to be dismissed from the clerical state.

Can. 1387 — Both the Bishop who, without a pontifical mandate, consecrates a person a Bishop, and the one who receives the consecration from him, incur a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See.

Ði􏰅u 1387

Giám Mục nào không có ủy nhiệm thư giáo hoàng mà phong chức Giám Mục cho người khác, cũng như người nào được truyền chức do Giám Mục ấy sẽ mắc vạ tuyệt thông tiền kết dành cho Tòa Thánh.

Can. 1388 §1. A confessor who directly violates the sacramental seal incurs a latae sententiae excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; one who does so only indirectly is to be punished according to the gravity of the delict.

§2. An interpreter and the others mentioned in can. 983, §2 who violate the secret are to be punished with a just penalty, not excluding excommunication.

Can. 1388 — § 1. A Bishop who, contrary to the provision of can. 1015, ordained someone else’s subject without the lawful dimissorial letters, is prohibited from conferring orders for one year. The person who received the order is ipso facto suspended from the order received.

§ 2. A person who comes forward for sacred orders bound by some censure or irregularity which he voluntarily conceals is ipso facto suspended from the order received, apart from what is established in canon 1044, § 2, n. 1.

Điều 1388

§ 1. Giám Mục nào vi phạm quy định ở điều 1015, phong chức cho một người không phải là người dưới quyền của mình mà không có ủy nhiệm thư hợp pháp, sẽ bị cấm truyền chức trong hạn một năm. Còn người đã được thụ phong tức khắc bị huyền chức thánh vừa lãnh nhận.

§ 2. Người đã cố ý im lặng về tình trạng mắc vạ hay bất hợp luật, mà tiến tới các chức thánh, thì ngoài những gì ấn định ở điều 1044, § 2, 10, người ấy bị treo chức thánh đã lãnh nhận do chính sự việc.

Can. 1389 §1. A person who abuses an ecclesiastical power or function is to be punished according to the gravity of the act or omission, not excluding privation of office, unless a law or precept has already established the penalty for this abuse.

§2. A person who through culpable negligence illegitimately places or omits an act of ecclesiastical power, ministry, or function with harm to another is to be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1389 — A person who, apart from the cases mentioned in cann. 1379-1388, unlawfully exercises the office of a priest or another sacred ministry, is to be punished with a just penalty, not excluding a censure.

Ði􏰅u 1389

Ngoài những trường hợp nói ở các điều 1379-1388, ai thi hành bất hợp lệ chức vụ linh mục hay một tác vụ thánh khác, thì phải bị phạt hình phạt thích đáng, kể cả phạt vạ.

2.4. TITLE IV: OFFENCES AGAINST REPUTATION AND THE OFFENCE OF FALSEHOOD

ĐỀ MỤC IV: NHỮNG TỘI PHẠM CHỐNG LẠI THANH DANH VÀ TỘI NGU􏰈 TẠO

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1390 §1. A person who falsely denounces before an ecclesiastical superior a confessor for the delict mentioned in can. 1387 incurs a latae sententiae interdict and, if he is a cleric, also a suspension.

§2. A person who offers an ecclesiastical superior any other calumnious denunciation of a delict or who otherwise injures the good reputation of another can be punished with a just penalty, not excluding a censure.

§3. A calumniator can also be forced to make suitable reparation.

Can. 1390 — § 1. A person who falsely denounces a confessor of the offence mentioned in can. 1385 to an ecclesiastical Superior incurs a latae sententiae interdict and, if a cleric, he incurs also a suspension.

§ 2. A person who calumniously denounces some other offence to an ecclesiastical Superior, or otherwise unlawfully injures the good name of another, is to be punished according to the provision of can. 1336 §§ 2-4, to which moreover a censure may be added.

§3. The calumniator must also be compelled to make appropriate amends.

Ði􏰅u 1390

§1. Người nào cáo gian một cha giải tội lên Bề Trên trong Giáo Hội về tội phạm nói ở điều 1385, thì bị mắc vạ cấm chế tiền kết và nếu là giáo sĩ, cả vạ huyền chức nữa.

§2. Ai vu cáo với Bề Trên trong Giáo Hội về một tội phạm khác, hay bằng cách nào khác làm hại đến thanh danh của người khác, phải bị phạt hình phạt thích đáng theo qui tắc của điều 1336, §§ 2-4, ngoài ra có thể thêm phạt vạ.

§3. Người vu khống phải bị bắt buộc bồi thường tương xứng.

Can. 1391 The following can be punished with a just penalty according to the gravity of the delict:

1/ a person who produces a false public ecclesiastical document, who changes, destroys, or conceals an authentic one, or who uses a false or altered one;

2/ a person who uses another false or altered document in an ecclesiastical matter;

3/ a person who asserts a falsehood in a public ecclesiastical document.

Can. 1391 — The following are to be punished with the penalties mentioned in can. 1336 §§ 2-4, according to the gravity of the offence:

1° a person who composes a false public ecclesiastical document, or who changes, destroys, or conceals a genuine one, or who uses a false or altered one;

2° a person who in an ecclesiastical matter uses some other false or altered document; 3° a person who, in a public ecclesiastical document, asserts something false.

Ði􏰅u 1391

Những người sau đây phải bị phạt với những hình phạt dự liệu ở điều 1336, §§ 2-4, tuỳ theo mức nghiêm trọng của tội phạm:

10 người giả mạo một tài liệu công của Giáo Hội, hay biến cải, thủ tiêu, giấu ẩn, hay sử dụng một tài liệu giả mạo hay bị sửa đổi;

20 người sử dụng một tài liệu nào khác, giả mạo hay bị sửa đổi, trong một công chuyện thuộc Giáo Hội;

30 người xác quyết điều giả mạo trong một tài liệu công thuộc Giáo Hội.

2.5. TITLE V: OFFENCES AGAINST SPECIAL OBLIGATIONS

ĐỀ MỤC V: NHỮNG TỘI PHẠM NGHỊCH LẠI CÁC BỔN PHẬN ĐẶC BIỆT

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1392 Clerics or religious who exercise a trade or business contrary to the prescripts of the canons are to be punished according to the gravity of the delict.

Can. 1392 — A cleric who voluntarily and unlawfully abandons the sacred ministry, for six months continuously, with the intention of withdrawing himself from the competent Church authority, is to be punished, according to the gravity of the offence, with suspension or additionally with the penalties established in can. 1336 §§ 2-4, and in the more serious cases may be dismissed from the clerical state.

Ði􏰅u 1392

Giáo sĩ nào tự ý và bất hợp pháp rời bỏ tác vụ thánh trong sáu tháng liên tục, với ý định thoát khỏi thẩm quyền nhà chức trách của Giáo Hội, phải bị phạt, tuỳ theo mức nghiêm trọng của tội phạm, với sự huyền chức hay cả những hình phạt được ấn định bởi điều 1336, §§ 2-4, và trong những trường hợp nghiêm trọng hơn có thể bị thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

Can. 1393 A person who violates obligations imposed by a penalty can be punished with a just penalty.

Can. 1393 — § 1. A cleric or religious who engages in trading or business contrary to the provisions of the canons is to be punished with the penalties mentioned in can. 1336 §§ 2-4, according to the gravity of the offence.

§ 2. A cleric or religious who, apart from the cases already foreseen by the law, commits an offence in a financial matter, or gravely violates the stipulations contained in can. 285 § 4, is to be punished with the penalties mentioned in can. 1336 §§ 2- 4, without prejudice to the obligation of repairing the harm.

Ði􏰅u 1393

§ 1. Giáo sĩ hay tu sĩ hoạt động buôn bán kinh doanh ngược với những điều giáo luật quy định, phải bị phạt tùy theo mức nghiêm trọng của tội phạm với những hình phạt được nói ở điều 1336, §§ 2-4.

§ 2. Giáo sĩ hay tu sĩ nào, ngoài những trường hợp luật đã dự liệu, phạm một tội phạm về vấn đề tài chánh, hay vi phạm nặng những điều khoản chứa đựng trong điều 285, § 4, phải bị phạt với những hình phạt được nói tới ở điều 1336, §§ 2-4, vẫn giữ nguyên bó buộc phải sửa chữa thiệt hại.

Can. 1394 §1. Without prejudice to the prescript of can. 194, §1, n. 3, a cleric who attempts marriage, even if only civilly, incurs a latae sententiae suspension. If he does not repent after being warned and continues to give scandal, he can be punished gradually by privations or even by dismissal from the clerical state.

§2. A perpetually professed religious who is not a cleric and who attempts marriage, even if only civilly, incurs a latae sententiae interdict, without prejudice to the prescript of can. 694.

Can. 1394 — § 1. A cleric who attempts marriage, even if only civilly, incurs a latae sententiae suspension, without prejudice to the provisions of can. 194 § 1 n. 3, and 694 § 1 n. 2. If, after warning, he has not reformed or continues to give scandal, he must be progressively punished by deprivations, or even by dismissal from the clerical state.

§ 2. Without prejudice to the provisions of can. 694 § 1 n. 2, a religious in perpetual vows who is not a cleric but who attempts marriage, even if only civilly, incurs a latae sententiae interdict.

Ði􏰅u 1394

§1. Vẫn giữ quy định của điều 194 § 1, 30 và 694, § 1, 20; giáo sĩ nào toan tính kết hôn, dù chỉ là theo nghi thức dân sự, thì mắc vạ huyền chức tiền kết. Nếu sau khi bị cảnh cáo mà không hối cải và vẫn tiếp tục gây gương xấu, thì phải bị phạt tiệm tiến bằng những sự tước bỏ, cho tới mức thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

§2. Tu sĩ đã khấn trọn đời mà không phải là giáo sĩ, toan tính kết hôn, dù chỉ theo nghi thức dân sự, thì mắc vạ cấm chế tiền kết, vẫn giữ quy định ở điều 694, § 1, 20.

Can. 1395 §1. A cleric who lives in concubinage, other than the case mentioned in can. 1394, and a cleric who persists with scandal in another external sin against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue is to be punished by a suspension. If he persists in the delict after a warning, other penalties can gradually be added, including dismissal from the clerical state.

§2. A cleric who in another way has committed an offense against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue, if the delict was committed by force or threats or publicly or with a minor below the age of sixteen years, is to be punished with just penalties, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state if the case so warrants.

Can. 1395 — § 1. A cleric living in concubinage, other than in the case mentioned in can. 1394, and a cleric who continues in some other external sin against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue which causes scandal, is to be punished with suspension. To this, other penalties can progressively be added if after a warning he persists in the offence, until eventually he can be dismissed from the clerical state.

§ 2. A cleric who has offended in other ways against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue, if the offence was committed in public, is to be punished with just penalties, not excluding dismissal from the clerical state if the case so warrants.

§ 3. A cleric who by force, threats or abuse of his authority commits an offence against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue or forces someone to perform or submit to sexual acts is to be punished with the same penalty as in § 2.

Ði􏰅u 1395

§1. Một giáo sĩ tư tình, ngoài trường hợp nói ở điều 1394, và giáo sĩ thường xuyên ở trong tội bề ngoài nghịch giới răn thứ sáu và gây gương xấu, thì phải bị phạt huyền chức. Và nếu sau khi bị cảnh cáo mà còn tiếp tục lỗi phạm, có thể bị phạt thêm dần dần những hình phạt khác nữa, cho đến mức thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

§2. Giáo sĩ vi phạm cách nào khác đến điều răn thứ sáu, nếu đã phạm tội công khai, thì phải bị phạt những hình phạt thích đáng, kể cả sự thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ, nếu sự việc đòi hỏi.

§3. Giáo sĩ nào, với sự bạo hành, đe doạ hay lạm dụng quyền bính, phạm tội phạm nghịch điều răn thứ sáu hay cưỡng ép ai đó thực hiện hay chịu những hành vi tình dục, thì phải bị phạt với cùng một hình phạt nói tới ở §2,

Can. 1396 A person who gravely violates the obligation of residence which binds by reason of ecclesiastical office is to be punished by a just penalty, not excluding, after a warning, even privation from office.

Can. 1396 — A person who gravely violates the obligation of residence to which he is bound by reason of an ecclesiastical office is to be punished with a just penalty, not excluding, after a warning, deprivation of the office.

Ði􏰅u 1396

Người nào lỗi nặng nghĩa vụ cư trú mà giáo vụ bó buộc phải giữ, thì phải bị phạt hình phạt thích đáng, kể cả sự tước bỏ chức vụ, sau khi đã được cảnh cáo.

2.6. TITLE VI: OFFENCES AGAINST HUMAN LIFE, DIGNITY AND LIBERTY

ĐỀ MỤC VI: CÁC TỘI PHẠM NGHỊCH LẠI PHẨM GIÁ VÀ SỰ TỰ DO CỦA CON NGƯỜI

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1397 A person who commits a homicide or who kidnaps, detains, mutilates, or gravely wounds a person by force or fraud is to be punished with the privations and prohibitions mentioned in can. 1336 according to the gravity of the delict. Homicide against the persons mentioned in can. 1370, however, is to be punished by the penalties established there.

Can. 1397 — § 1. One who commits homicide, or who by force or by fraud abducts, imprisons, mutilates or gravely wounds a person, is to be punished, according to the gravity of the offence, with the penalties mentioned in can. 1336. In the case of the homicide of one of those persons mentioned in can. 1370, the offender is punished with the penalties prescribed there and also in § 3 of this canon.

§ 2. A person who actually procures an abortion incurs a latae sententiae excommunication.

§ 3. If offences dealt with in this canon are involved, in more serious cases the guilty cleric is to be dismissed from the clerical state.

Điều 1397

§ 1. Ai phạm tội giết người, hoặc ai dùng vũ lực hay sự lừa gạt, bắt cóc, cầm giữ, chặt cắt thân thể hay làm tổn thương trầm trọng một người, thì phải bị phạt, tuỳ theo mức nghiêm trọng của tội phạm, với những hình phạt được nói tới ở điều 1336, §§ 2-4. Trong trường hợp giết một trong những người nói đến ở điều 1370, kẻ tội phạm phải bị phạt với những hình phạt được quy định ở điều ấy cũng như § 3 của điều khoản Giáo luật này.

§ 2. Ai thi hành việc phá thai, và việc phá thai có kết quả, thì mắc vạ tuyệt thông tiền kết.

§ 3. Nếu là những tội phạm nói tới ở điều giáo luật này, trong những trường hợp nghiêm trọng hơn, thì phạm nhân giáo sĩ phải bị thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ.

Can. 1398 A person who procures a completed abortion incurs a latae sententiae excommunication.

Can. 1398 — § 1. A cleric is to be punished with deprivation of office and with other just penalties, not excluding, where the case calls for it, dismissal from the clerical state, if he:

1° commits an offence against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue with a minor or with a person who habitually has an imperfect use of reason or with one to whom the law recognises equal protection;

2° grooms or induces a minor or a person who habitually has an imperfect use of reason or one to whom the law recognises equal protection to expose himself or herself pornographically or to take part in pornographic exhibitions, whether real or simulated;

3° immorally acquires, retains, exhibits or distributes, in whatever manner and by whatever technology, pornographic images of minors or of persons who habitually have an imperfect use of reason.

§ 2. A member of an institute of consecrated life or of a society of apostolic life, or any one of the faithful who enjoys a dignity or performs an office or function in the Church, who commits an offence mentioned in § 1 or in can. 1395 § 3 is to be punished according to the provision of can. 1336 §§ 2-4, with the addition of other penalties according to the gravity of the offence.

Điều 1398

§ 1. Một giáo sĩ phải bị phạt tước chức vụ và phạt những hình phạt thích đáng khác, kể cả việc thải hồi khỏi bậc giáo sĩ, khi trường hợp đòi phải như thế, nếu:

1° phạm tội chống lại điều răn thứ sáu với một người vị thành niên hay với một người thường xuyên sử dụng trí khôn cách bất toàn hay với một người mà luật nhìn nhận phải được bảo vệ tương tự;

2° chiêu mộ hay dẫn dụ một người vị thành niên, hay một người thường xuyên sử dụng trí khôn cách bất toàn hay một người mà luật nhìn nhận phải được bảo vệ tương tự, để họ phơi bày khiêu dâm thân thể hay tham dự vào các trình diễn khiêu dâm, dù là thực sự hay giả bộ;

3° Thu thập, lưu giữ, trình diễn hay phát tán, theo bất cứ cách nào và với bất cứ phương tiện nào, những hình ảnh khiêu dâm của các người vị thành niên hay của các ngjười mà thường xuyên sử dụng trí khôn cách bất toàn.

§ 2. Một thành viên của một Tu hội Đời sống Thánh hiến hay của một Tu đoàn Đời sống Tông đồ, hay bất cứ một tín hữu nào hưởng một phẩm vị hay thi hành một chức vụ hay một chức năng trong Giáo Hội, nếu người ấy phạm tội được nói tới ở §1 hay ở điều 1395 § 3, người ấy phải bị phạt theo qui tắc ở điều 1336 §§ 2-4, và tuỳ theo mức nghiêm trọng của tội phạm, thêm những hình phạt khác.

2.7. ĐỀ MỤC VII NGUYÊN TẮC TỔNG QUÁT

1983 VERSION

REVISED ENGLISH

REVISED VIETNAMESE

Can. 1399 In addition to the cases established here or in other laws, the external violation of a divine or canonical law can be punished by a just penalty only when the special gravity of the violation demands punishment and there is an urgent need to prevent or repair scandals.

Can. 1399 — Besides the cases prescribed in this or in other laws, the external violation of divine or canon law can be punished, and with a just penalty, only when the special gravity of the violation requires it and necessity demands that scandals be prevented or repaired.

Ði􏰅u 1399

Ngoài những trường hợp do luật này hay các luật khác ấn định, sự vi phạm bên ngoài đến thiên luật hay giáo luật có thể bị phạt với hình phạt thích đáng, chỉ khi tính cách nghiêm trọng đặc biệt của sự vi phạm đòi hỏi phải phạt, và khi nhu cầu phòng ngừa hay sửa chữa gương xấu thúc bách.

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