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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species provides the status and information about different species. The categories they list are data deficient, least concern, near threatened, vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered, extinct in the wild, and extinct. Ocean life is particularly vulnerable to human activities that cause habitat destruction and affect their daily lives. Populations have been declining at an alarming rate and a large number of marine species have been listed as endangered. However, there are challenges when it comes to data collection and learning about species. For example, data on small invertebrates and marine fish is difficult to collect. Also, when it comes to threatened species they may become extinct if there aren't protected.
"Horn Shark" by Ed Bierman, Flickr is licensed under CC BY 2.0
Data Deficient: When there is not enough information to make a direct or indirect test of its risk of being extinct based on distribution or population status.
Examples: Horn Shark, Blacktail Comber, Bean’s Bigscale
Photo by David Clode on Unsplash
Least concern: When it has been evaluated against the Red List criteria and doesn’t qualify for the other classifications.
Examples: American Cownose Ray, Melon-headed Whale, Basking Shark
Photo by James Thornton on Unsplash
Near threatened: When it has been evaluated against the criteria and doesn’t qualify for the other classifications but can possibly qualify for a threatened category in the future.
Examples: Tiger Shark, Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin, Pacific Bluefin Tuna
Photo by Mikell Darling on Unsplash
Vulnerable: When evidence indicates that it meets the criteria and is considered to be facing a high risk of extinction.
Examples: Snares Penguin, Polar Bear, Walrus
Photo by Sebastian Coman Travel on Unsplash
Endangered: When evidence indicates that it meets the criteria and is considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction.
Examples: Hawaiian Monk Seal, Spinetail Devil Ray, New Zealand Sea Lion
Photo by Todd Cravens on Unsplash
Critically Endangered: When evidence indicates that it meets the criteria and is considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction.
Examples: Whale Shark, Sea Otter, Blue Whale
Photo by Sand Crain on Unsplash
Extinct: When there is no doubt that the last individual has died after surveying the individual.
Examples: Caribbean Monk Seal, Great Auk, Japanese Sea Lion
References
References
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.iucnredlist.org/
Threatened & Endangered Species ~ MarineBio Conservation Society. (2021, June 12). Retrieved from https://www.marinebio.org/conservation/marine conservation-biology/threatened-endangered-species/
Species List. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/directory
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