Embedded Files
The @media rule is used in media queries to apply different styles for different media types/devices.
Media queries can be used to check many things, such as:
width and height of the viewport
width and height of the device
orientation (is the tablet/phone in landscape or portrait mode?)
resolution
Using media queries are a popular technique for delivering a tailored style sheet (responsive web design) to desktops, laptops, tablets, and mobile phones.
You can also use media queries to specify that certain styles are only for printed documents or for screen readers (mediatype: print, screen, or speech).
In addition to media types, there are also media features. Media features provide more specific details to media queries, by allowing to test for a specific feature of the user agent or display device. For example, you can apply styles to only those screens that are greater, or smaller, than a certain width.
You can also have different stylesheets for different media, like this:
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (min-width: 900px)" href="widescreen.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (max-width: 600px)" href="smallscreen.css">
....
Example, if the browser window is 600px or smaller, the background color will be lightblue:
Typical Device Breakpoints
Typical Device Breakpoints
There are tons of screens and devices with different heights and widths, so it is hard to create an exact breakpoint for each device. To keep things simple you could target five groups:
/* Extra small devices (phones, 600px and down) */
@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {...}
/* Small devices (portrait tablets and large phones, 600px and up) */
@media only screen and (min-width: 600px) {...}
/* Medium devices (landscape tablets, 768px and up) */
@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {...}
/* Large devices (laptops/desktops, 992px and up) */
@media only screen and (min-width: 992px) {...}
/* Extra large devices (large laptops and desktops, 1200px and up) */
@media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) {...}
How to implement it?
How to implement it?
Always Design for Mobile First
Always Design for Mobile First
Mobile First means designing for mobile before designing for desktop or any other device (This will make the page display faster on smaller devices).
This means that we must make some changes in our CSS.
Instead of changing styles when the width gets smaller than 768px, we should change the design when the width gets larger than 768px. This will make our design Mobile First:
Changing:
Changing:
Orientation: Portrait / Landscape
Orientation: Portrait / Landscape
Media queries can also be used to change layout of a page depending on the orientation of the browser.
You can have a set of CSS properties that will only apply when the browser window is wider than its height, a so called "Landscape" orientation:
The web page will have a lightblue background if the orientation is in landscape mode:
Hide Elements With Media Queries
Hide Elements With Media Queries
is to hide elements on different screen sizes:
I will be hidden on small screens.
Change Font Size With Media Queries
Change Font Size With Media Queries
to change the font size of an element on different screen sizes:
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