Learning Disabilities

Characteristics

Specific Learning Disability means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language. IDEA provides that the “disorder may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell and do mathematical calculations.” IDEA has two criteria for determining whether a student has a specific learning disability. One criterion is inclusionary – a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language. The other is exclusionary – the disorder is not due to an intellectual disability or environmental/economic disadvantages.

Inclusion Standard - Student’s disorder may include “such conditions as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia.” This is the inclusionary standard; it identifies what conditions are included. IDEA has two criteria for determining whether a student has a specific learning disability. One criterion is inclusionary – a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language.
Exclusion Standard - A student may not be classified as having a learning disorder if the student has “a learning problem that is primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, of intellectual disability, of emotional disturbance, or of environment, cultural, or economic disadvantage.” This is the exclusionary standard; it says that these casual conditions are excluded. IDEA has two criteria for determining whether a student has a specific learning disability. With the exclusionary standard – the disorder is not due to an intellectual disability or environmental/economic disadvantages.

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