Embedded Files
Threats
Threats
Stanislaus Fire
Creator: Forest Service unknown | Credit: USDAhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Rim_Fire_in_the_Stanislaus_National_Forest_near_in_California_began_on_Aug._17,_2013-0004.jpgFire
Fire
Fire is an essential factor that naturally shapes and manages forest composition. They help clear the understory and trigger Redwood and sequoia to release their seeds. However, the frequency and intensity of these fires must accommodate for the growth of saplings, which are not fire resistant like mature trees. In recent years, fires have appeared more often and are increasingly destructive.
Logging in Humboldt County, CA (1893)
Image provided by the British LibrarySource: https://www.flickr.com/photos/usforestservice/45923164272Deforestation
Deforestation
Deforestation is the result of excessive logging or tree removal, often to make space for human expansion. Its effects penetrate further than what is immediately visible. Deforestation can destroy networks of microbial communities in root systems, which trees use to communicate and store information. Additionally, it fragments sections of forest and increases edge space, which can reduce habitats and roaming areas for certain species that require that territory to hunt or graze.
Diseased trees (2003)
Image provided by BS LindgrenSource: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Attacked_Stand.jpgDisease
Disease
Bark beetle has been shown to carry a fungus that infects and kills trees. Its effects are sweeping through California's forest ecosystems, leaving large patches of dead trees, as shown in brown in the picture provided. Bark beetle can be transported from one forest to another through infected lumber by boring holes into the wood. It is important that corporations as well as individuals are careful when moving wood to keep it in one park, as well as take precautions to reduce the chances of human ignited fires.
Conservation
Conservation
Federal and state measures
Where previously dominated by clear cutting forests, much of the logging industry has transitioned to utilize selective logging, which allows for the retention of a mixed-age forest that has protective canopies instead of a totally young forest starting completely from the ground.
In Redwood, Kings Canyon and Sequoia national parks, regulations have been placed on firearms, fishing, and drone use.
Non-profit work
Through their Wildlands for Wildlife program, American Forests has restored parts of the Sierra Nevada through tree planting, sustainable forest management, and prescribed burning.
The Save the Redwoods League purchases redwood forests, as well as surrounding land and water sources to protect and care for these ecosystems. In addition, they manage the land, conduct research, and educate and advocate on behalf of the redwoods.
Non-profit work
Non-profit work
Through their Wildlands for Wildlife program, American Forests has restored parts of the Sierra Nevada through tree planting, sustainable forest management, and prescribed burning.
The Save the Redwoods League purchases redwood forests, as well as surrounding land and water sources to protect and care for these ecosystems. In addition, they manage the land, conduct research, and educate and advocate on behalf of the redwoods.
Federal and state measures
Federal and state measures
Where previously dominated by clear cutting forests, much of the logging industry has transitioned to utilize selective logging, which allows for the retention of a mixed-age forest that has protective canopies instead of a totally young forest starting completely from the ground.
In Redwood, Kings Canyon and Sequoia national parks, regulations have been placed on firearms, fishing, and drone use.
In 2006, a federal judge ruled that it was illegal to allow commercial logging in the Giant Sequoia National Monument. However, the Trump administration has returned these forests to danger by reducing protections on public lands.
Works Cited:American Forests. (2020). Helping California’s Forests Adapt to Climate Change. American Forests. Earthjustice. (2006). Giant Sequoia National Monument wins court protection. Earthjustice.org.Foley, J. E.; Nieto, N. C.; Foley, P. (2009). Emergence of Tick-Borne Granulocytic Anaplasmosis Associated with Habitat Type and Forest Change in Northern California. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.Jones, G. M.; Gutierrez, R.; Tempel, D. J.; Whitmore, S. A.; Berigan, W. J.; Peery, M. Z. (2016). Megafires: an emerging threat to old-growth forest species. The Ecological Society of America Khan, M. W.; Bohannan, B. J.; Nusslein, K. (2019). Deforestation impacts network co-occurrence patterns of microbial communities in Amazon soils. University of California Davis.Milman, O. (2017) Trump plan could open Giant Sequoia monument to logging. The Guardian.Save the Redwoods. (2020). Our Programs. Save the Redwoods League.Zavaleta, E. (2015). Ecosystems of California: Montane Forests. Youtube.com.
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