4. Search

Step 4 - Conduct systematic searches

Reference: Ullah, 2023

• • Key concepts: Presence and virtual reality

  • Keywords: Search string to include "Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR" ) (keywords libguide). 

    1. • Consider using "Virtual-reality" however including this string made no difference in Scopus or Google Scholar searches.

       • May need to exclude "presence of" because it can be used in many unrelated contexts. Is it possible to include an articles that use "presence of" and "presence" referring to the "sense of presence". This may need to be carried out in excel. 

       • Related terms: place illusion; plausibility illusion; social presence; co-presence; immersion; coherence; virtual reality; virtual environments; telepresence; "being-there"; quale (qualia); perceptual immersion; psychological immersion; salience; realism; fidelity (stimulus, experiential, action); Presence Questionnaire; telepresence;

       • Unrelated terms (that use "presence" unrelated to a "sense of presence"):   "presence of"; "physical presence";

  • Search Strategy: 

    1. • Search title, abstract and author keywords

       • Google Scholar: search only title (Google Scholar does not allow abstract or keyword search)

       • Check that validation articles are found using the search procedure

  • Grey literature not usually included in a bibliometric review

  • I suspect that there will be much duplication between Google Scholar + IEEE and Scopus and WoS but this needs to be investigated.

    1. Scopus (library record)

       • Truncation - * ; wildcard - ? ; phrase searching - Use "double quotes".

       • Extensive export options. Allows references download.

       • 2537 results:  TITLE ( "Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR" ) ) OR AUTHKEY ( "Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR" ) ) OR INDEXTERMS ( "Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR" ) ) OR KEY ( "Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR" ) )

       • 2537 results: TITLE ( "Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR" ) ) OR KEY ( "Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR" ) ) 

       • 8970 results: TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR" ) ) ; NB: many results seem to include "Presence of" without reference to a "sense of presence"

    2. Web of Science (WoS) (library record)

       • Truncation - * ; wildcard - ? represents one character, $ represents zero or one character ; phrase searching - Use "double quotes".

       • 12,528 results: ALL=(("Presence" AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR "VR")))

       • 218 results: ((TI=("Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR"))) AND TS=("Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR")) AND AK=("Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR")))

       • 352 results: TI=(Presence AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR))

       • 1008 results: (TI=(Presence AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR ))) OR AK=(Presence AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR ))

       • 1072 results: ((TI=(Presence AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR ))) OR AK=(Presence AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR ))) OR KP=(Presence AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR ))

       • 4287 results: ((AK=("Presence" AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR))) OR TI=("Presence" AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR))) OR AB=("Presence" AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR))

       • 3970 results: AB=(Presence AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR))

       • 241,025 results: ((TI=(Presence OR ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR))) OR AB=(Presence AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR))) OR AK=(Presence OR ("Virtual Realit*" OR VR))

       • 2831 results: ((TI=((presence OR ("Virtual Realit*" OR vr)))) OR AK=((presence OR ("Virtual Realit*" OR vr)))) AND AB=((presence AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR vr)))

       • 2831 results: ((TI=((presence OR "Virtual Realit*" OR vr))) OR AK=((presence OR "Virtual Realit*" OR vr))) AND AB=((presence AND ("Virtual Realit*" OR vr)))

       • 22,931 results: ((TI=((presence OR "Virtual Realit*" OR vr))) OR AK=((presence OR "Virtual Realit*" OR vr))) AND AB=((presence AND "Virtual Realit*" OR vr))

       • 115,629 results: ((TI=((presence OR "Virtual Realit*" OR vr))) OR AK=((presence OR "Virtual Realit*" OR vr))) AND AB=((presence OR ("Virtual Realit*" OR vr)))

    3. Google Scholar  

       • advanced search, title only + exact phrase "Virtual reality" OR "VR" which added 159 results

       • 931 results: allintitle: presence AND "virtual reality"

       • 1190 results: allintitle: presence "vr" OR "virtual reality"

    4. IEEE Xplore (library record)

       • IEEE Xplore Search tips

       • Does not allow citation full references to be downloaded.

       • 2372 results: ("All Metadata":presence) AND ("All Metadata":"virtual reality" OR "All Metadata":VR)

Conferences (1,696) ; Journals (594); Magazines (58); Early Access Articles (20); Books (3); Standards (1)

• • 4. • 2357 results: ("All Metadata":Presence) AND ("All Metadata":"Virtual Realit*" OR "All Metadata":VR) OR ("All Metadata":presence AND "All Metadata":"Virtual Realit*") OR ("All Metadata":presence AND "All Metadata":VR)

       • 238 results: ("Document Title":presence AND "Document Title":"virtual reality") OR ("Author Keywords":presence AND "Author Keywords":"virtual reality") OR ("Author Keywords":presence AND "Author Keywords":VR)

    5. ACM (library record)

       • Does not allow citation full references to be downloaded.

       • ACM includes more format types: "Short-paper"; "Abstract"; "Extended-abstract"; "Invited-talk"; "Article"; "Work-in-progress";  "Poster"; "Research-article"

       • Possibly filter for "Research-article" however this may exclude significant discussions

       • *Challenge: Author keywords do not seem to be very effective in finding papers therefore may need to include the Abstract but exclude "presence of" however this may exclude some relevant articles.

       • Note: need to edit search syntax to replace AND with OR between title, abstract, and author keyword

       • 1950 results: Title:(Presence AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR VR)) OR Abstract:(Presence AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR VR)) OR Keyword:(Presence AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR VR))

       • Preferred: 411 results: Title:("Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR VR)) OR Keyword:("Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR VR)) OR Abstract:("Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR VR))

       • 393 results: Title:("Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR")) OR Abstract:("Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR"))

       • 62 results: Title:(Presence AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR VR)) OR Keyword:(Presence AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR VR))

    6. Science Direct (library record)

       • * should be under Scopus - b/ full text database

       • * wildcards are not supported

       • Does not allow citation full references to be downloaded.

       • Does not allow Title and keyword search only, because the only available search field is "Title, abstract or author-specified keywords"

       • Download 100 citations at a time in BibTex format

       • 836 results: Title, abstract, keywords "Presence" AND ( "Virtual Reality" OR "VR" )

    7. Medline searched via Pubmed (library record).

       • Medline via Pubmed choice see discussion and here

       • Does not allow full references to be downloaded.

       • 1537 results: "Presence"[Title/Abstract] AND ( "Virtual Realit*"[Title/Abstract] OR "VR" [Title/Abstract])

Other possible databases to consider:

• • 8. Psycinfo through OVID

       • 991 results: ("Presence" and ("Virtual Realit*" or "VR")).ti. or ("Presence" and ("Virtual Realit*" or "VR")).id. or ("Presence" and ("Virtual Realit*" or "VR")).ab.

       • DOES allow full reference list download

    9. ProQuest  

       • Best to select database subsets

       • DOES allow full reference (and full text) download

       • ERIC is not included in Scopus and Wos

       • Auto de-duplicate

       • 4259 results: "title("Presence" AND ( ("virtual realities" OR "virtual reality") OR "VR" )) OR abstract("Presence" AND ( ("virtual realities" OR "virtual reality")

    10. ERIC (library record)

        • 1. ERIC is included in ProQuest above

          2. 98 results: title("Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR" )) OR abstract("Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR" )) OR subject("Presence" AND ( "Virtual Realit*" OR "VR" ))

Validation Articles

Yet to be determined

Selection will be based on a range of most recent articles and most cited articles