2022 Analysis of Ashkenazi Y-DNA

In December 2022, I used Family Tree DNA's Y-DNA Discover utility to analyze further each of the Y-DNA clusters that I identified through my 2018 analysis. By using reported information concerning the age and reported geographic origins of each cluster and its upstream branches, I was able to identify more precisely the SNP that defined each Ashkenazi cluster. In some instances, I found that Ashkenazi clusters were defined by a SNP that is one or two levels upstream (and, in one instance, a SNP that is one level downstream) from the SNP level that I had identified through my 2018 analysis.

This page lists each of the 45 primarily Ashkenazi Y-DNA clusters that I have identified through my 2018 analysis, as refined by my 2022 analysis. For each cluster, this page provides the following information, as compiled by using Family Tree DNA's Y-DNA Discover utility in December 2022: (1) the SNP defining the cluster; (2) the approximate date when that cluster formed; (3) the approximate date when that cluster began branching; (4) the number of FTDNA-tested men in that cluster as of December 18, 2022; (5) the percentage of FTDNA-tested men in that cluster of the total number of FTDNA-tested men in Ashkenazi Y-DNA clusters as of December 18, 2022; (6) the time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor ("MRCA") of the closest Y-DNA cluster in the current Ashkenazi population, and the SNP defining that cluster; (7) the ancestral path of each cluster (i.e., the level-defining SNP at each level, starting at the base of the haplogroup and going to the present day); (8) each downstream subcluster within each cluster that began branching in 1300 CE and earlier, linked to FTDNA's Discover page for that cluster, along with the date that each cluster was formed, the date that each cluster began to branch, and the number of Y-DNA tested men in each cluster as of December 18, 2022 (indented numbers show the order of branching of each subcluster); and (9) the immediate upstream cluster, the date on which  each such cluster began to branch, the clusters that are parallel to the Ashkenazi cluster, and the reported geographic origins of men in those clusters. For each Ashkenazi cluster, this page posts a graph that shows the number of branches in each cluster at 50-year intervals from 600 CE through 1300 CE.

For the most part, the 2022 analysis confirms the analysis performed in 2018.  There are, however, a few differences between the 2022 analysis and the 2018 analysis.

1.   As discussed in annotations on the 2018 analysis, newly available information from FTDNA concerning the estimated dates of formation and branching of clusters and their geographic distribution allowed me to refine identification of the SNPs identifying the principal Ashkenazi clusters. In 15 instances, this new information allowed a determination that Ashkenazi clusters were one or two levels downstream from the level identified through the 2018 analysis. In one instance, the new information showed that an Ashkenazi cluster was a level upstream from that identified through the 2018 analysis. The new analysis also showed that a cluster identified as predominantly Ashkenazi in the 2018 analysis (J1-ZS4763) is not predominantly Ashkenazi, although a significant number of men in the present-day Ashkenazi population belong to that cluster.

2.  For the most part, the identified Y-DNA clusters in the modern Ashkenazi population do not have parallel branches in the modern Ashkenazi population. The exceptions are: (1) J1-BY101 and J1-ZS24763, which share an MRCA in 300 CE (those clusters have a parallel cluster that includes men from Mexico and Spain); (2) J2-FT69390 and J2-FGC30508, which share an MRCA in 500 BCE (those clusters have a parallel branch that includes a man from Morocco); (3) J2-Z38408 and J2-L254, which share an MRCA in 500 BCE (those clusters have a parallel branch that includes a man from Greece and four men of unstated origins); and (4) Q-Y2198 and Q-YP1003, which share an MRCA in 250 CE (those clusters have a parallel branch that includes men from Brazil, Greece, Italy, Mexico, and Portugal). The reported ancestry of the men in the parallel clusters (and especially in the first, second, and fourth clusters) suggests that each of the clusters shares an MRCA in the pre-Ashkenazi Jewish population. 

3.  The analysis identifies 19 clusters that formed in or before 950 BCE and that did not begin branching until 600 CE or later. Those clusters are: (1) E-Y14891; (2) E-BY7500; (3) E-Z17697; (4) E-BY11082; (5) G-BY764; (6) G-FGC249; (7) G-L201; (8) I-BY424; (9) J1-ZS10568; (10) J2-L556; (11) J2-Z43501; (12) L-PAGES00116; (13) R1a-Y2619; (14) R1a-BY33370; (15) R1b-A11711; (16) R1b-Z18106; (17) R1b-L408; (18) T-BY11520; and (19) T-PAGES00113.  There are eight more clusters that formed between 800 BCE and 350 BCE and did not begin branching until 600 CE or later: (1) E-Y36800; (2) J1-L816; (3) J1-S12192; (4) J1-ZS4297; (5) J2-Z30390; (6) J2-FGC21083; (7) R1b-FGC20759; and (8) R1b-L4. None of those 27 clusters has a parallel Ashkenazi branch. The clusters in haplogroups E and J generally have parallel branches in the Near East, the Middle East, or countries where one might expect to find descendants of Sephardim (including Mexico and Spain). The clusters in haplogroups G, I, L, and T generally have parallel branches in Europe. The clusters in R1a and R1b are mixed as to their parallel branches, with (1) R1a-Y2619 having a parallel branch centered in Iran, (2) R1a-BY33370 having a parallel branch without any geographic information, (3) R1b-FGC20759 having parallel branches in countries where one might expect to find descendants of Sephardim, and (4) R1b-A11711, R1b-L4, R1b-Z18106, and R1b-L408 having parallel branches in Europe. 

4.  The analysis identifies another 13 clusters that formed in or after 100 BCE and that did not begin branching until 600 CE or later. Those clusters are: (1) E-Y6940; (2) I-Y11261; (3) I-Y23115; (4) J1-ZS2616; (5) J1-FGC5215; (6) J1-FGC17481; (7) R1a-YP1013; (8) R1b-Y19862; (9) R1b-FGC8564; (10) R1b-FGC21047; (11)  R1b-FGC14600; (12) R2-FGC13211; and (13) T-Y105938. The clusters in haplogroups E and J generally have parallel branches in the Near East, the Middle East, or countries where one might expect to find descendants of Sephardim. The clusters in haplogroups I, R1a, and R1b generally have parallel branches in Europe (however,  R1b-FGC8564 and R1b-FGC21047 have parallel branches in countries where one might expect to find descendants of Sephardim), while R2-FGC13211 has a parallel branch with men from Georgia and India and T-Y105938 has a parallel branch with a man from Ireland.  

5.  Presumably because of the bottleneck in the Ashkenazi population, most of the Y-DNA clusters in the current Ashkenazi population do not have parallel Y-DNA clusters in the current Ashkenazi population pre-dating the Common Era. Thus, the fact that there are no present-day parallel Y-DNA clusters for these clusters does not, by itself, suggest that the clusters were not Jewish at the time that the clusters formed. Based upon the current Y-DNA evidence alone, there is no way to tell when each of these clusters entered the Jewish population, up until the time when those clusters began branching in the period from 700 CE to 1300 CE; however, the fact that each of these clusters is predominantly Ashkenazi on all branches indicates that the MRCA of each cluster belonged to the Ashkenazi (or proto-Ashkenazi) population at the time when such branching began. Clusters with relatively recent upstream branching and parallel branches that are predominantly European (and not from countries where one might expect to find descendants of Sephardim) are more likely to have entered the Ashkenazi population from the non-Jewish European population during the  first millenium CE or the first several centuries of the second millenium CE.

6.  As expected, for most of the clusters, there were very few branches as of 600 CE (in some instances, there was only a single branch). However, the 2018 analysis underestimated the number of Y-DNA branches in the current Ashkenazi population that date back to the time when the Ashkenazi population began its massive expansion out of a small bottlenecked population, about 700 to 1,000 years ago. In the 2018 analysis, I estimated that most of the men in the current Ashkenazi population are descended on their direct male lines from perhaps 120 to 150 Ashkenazi Y-DNA lines that existed as of the time of the bottleneck.  As indicated by the following chart and based on full Y-DNA testing reported by Family Tree DNA as of December 18, 2022, most of the men in the current Ashkenazi population are descended on their direct male lines from: (1) about 65 men who lived as of 600 CE; (2) about 229 men who lived as of 1000 CE; and (3) about 583 men who lived as of 1300 CE. 

As more men test, these figures will be refined; in particular, there is likely to be some increase in the number of Ashkenazi Y-DNA lines as of 1000 CE and a significant increase in the number of Ashkenazi Y-DNA lines as of 1300 CE. However, additional test results will also result in changes to the estimated age of certain subclusters, which may result in certain clusters being given an estimated formation date that postdates 1300 CE (and, thus, postdates the bottleneck in the Ashkenazi population).

7.  The following chart shows the percentage of FTDNA-tested men in each Ashkenazi Y-DNA cluster as of December 18, 2022 as determined through the 2022 analysis. 

8.  The following chart shows the percentage of each Y-DNA haplogroup in the present-day Ashkenazi population as determined through the 2022 analysis. 

9.  The 2022 analysis of the percentage of Ashkenazi men in each Y-DNA haplogroup yielded results that were considerably different than those shown in my 2018 analysis:

There are likely several reasons for these discrepancies.

First, the 2018 analysis and the 2022 analysis consider somewhat different populations. The 2018 analysis was directed towards men who appeared to be part of the present-day Ashkenazi population based upon their autosomal DNA; by reason of the methodology used to identify the men who were included in the analysis, that sample would necessarily have included some men who were not Ashkenazi on their direct male lines (but were largely Ashkenazi on other lines). By contrast, the 2022 analysis is directed towards men in the present-day population who belong to Y-DNA clusters that part of the Ashkenazi (or proto-Ashkenazi) population as of 700 to 1,500 years ago; that sample includes a significant number of men whose percentage of Ashkenazi ancestry is too distant (sometimes by centuries) for them to have been included in the 2018 analysis.

Second, perhaps the most significant difference between the 2018 analysis and the 2022 analysis is the decrease in the percentage of men in haplogroup E from 21.89% to 16.66%. This decline apparently reflects the fact that FTDNA reported a significant number of men as E-Y6923 based not on Big Y testing but on other testing, most likely Geno 2.0. Because the 2022 analysis showed that E-Y6940 - not E-Y6923 - is the SNP that defines the Ashkenazi cluster within E-Y6940, the 2022 analysis removes the men reported as E-Y6940 from the calculations of haplogroup percentages. The reported percentage of Ashkenazi men in haplogroup E decreased primarily because the 2022 analysis showed that a significant percentage of the men reported as E-Y6923 at the time of the 2018 analysis had not done Big Y testing as of 2022.

Third, the sample set considered for the 2022 analysis is likely skewed by self-selection among the men who have done full Y-DNA testing through FTDNA.  Because men with more Y-DNA STR matches are more likely to do Big Y testing than are men with few Y-DNA STR matches, the larger Y-DNA clusters will tend to be overrepresented among Big Y testers. Furthermore, there are certain clusters (including the R1a-Y2619 Ashkenazi Levite cluster, certain Ashkenazi J clusters, and the Ashkenazi Q  clusters) that have successfully recruited a significant number of men to do Big Y testing between 2018 and 2022, thereby inflating the proportion of Big Y-tested men in these clusters as compared to the Ashkenazi clusters that did not benefit from such recruitment efforts. (The sample set used for the 2022 analysis includes 2,617 men; if 13 additional men in a haplogroup test, the reported percentage of men in that haplogroup will increase by 0.5%.)

The following is a list of the principal Ashkenazi Y-DNA clusters identified through my December 2022 analysis, along with the dates that each cluster was formed and began to  branch according to Family Tree DNA's Y-DNA Discover utility as of December 18, 2022. The list states the percentage of FTDNA-tested men in that cluster of the total number of FTDNA-tested men in Ashkenazi Y-DNA clusters as of December 18, 2022. Detailed information on a cluster-by-cluster basis is posted farther down this page.

  1  E-Y14891  (formed 4700 BCE; began branching 750 CE) (6.34%)

  2  E-Y6940  (formed 150 CE; began branching 600 CE) (6.30%)

  3  E-Y36800  (formed 450 BCE; began branching 600 CE) (1.26%)

  4  E-BY7500 (formed 3250 BCE; began branching 600 CE) (1.34%)

  5  E-Z17697  (formed 1050 BCE; began branching 1000 CE) (0.76%)

  6  E-BY11082  (formed 1050 BCE; began branching 1000 CE) (0.65%)

  7  G-BY764  (formed 2700 BCE; began branching 800 CE) (5.50%)

  8  G-FGC249  (formed 950 BCE; began branching 750 CE) (1.49%)

  9  G-L201  (formed 2650 BCE; began branching 1450 CE)  (0.65%)

10  I-Y11261  (formed 1000 CE; began branching 1350 CE) (0.84 %)

11  I-Y23115  (formed 200 CE; began branching 1100 CE) (0.69%)

12  I-BY424   (formed 1900 BCE; began branching 1450 CE) (0.50%)

13  J1-L816  (formed 750 BCE; began branching 750 CE) (6.34%)

14  J1-BY101  (formed 300 CE; began branching 900 CE)  (1.41.%)

15  J1-S12192  (formed 450 BCE; began branching 700 CE) (9.48%)

16  J1-ZS2616  (formed 250 CE; began branching 400 CE) (0.57%) 

17  J1-ZS4297  (formed 450 BCE; began branching 500 CE) (1.49%) 

18  J1-ZS10568  (formed 1000 BCE; branching began 750 CE) (0.34%) 

19  J1-FGC5215  (formed 650 CE; branching began 1250 CE) (0.99%) 

20  J1-FGC17481  (formed 450 CE; branching began 450 CE) (0.65%) 

21  J2-L556  (formed 1450 BCE; branching began 750 CE) (7.26%) 

22  J2-Z30390  (formed 500 BCE; branching began 750 CE) (3.36%) 

23  J2-FT69390  (formed 600 CE; branching began 750 CE) (2.87%) 

24  J2-Z38408  (formed 750 CE; branching began 1200 CE) (1.60%) 

25  J2-FGC21083 (formed 550 BCE; branching began 650 CE) (1.80%) 

26  J2-Z43501  (formed 1300 BCE; branching began 600 CE) (1.11%) 

27  L-PAGES00116  (formed 5100 BCE; branching began 750 CE) (0.34%) 

28  Q-Y2198  (formed 400 CE; branching began 650 CE) (4.78%) 

29  Q-YP1003  (formed 250 CE; branching began 450 CE) (1.83%)  

30  R1a-Y2619  (formed 950 BCE; branching began 750 CE) (12.50%) 

31  R1a-BY33370  (formed 1000 BCE; branching began 1300 CE) (0.46%) 

32  R1a-YP1013 (formed 100 BCE; branching began 50 BCE) (1.60%) 

33  R1b-FGC20759  (formed 350 BCE; branching began 850 CE) (2.18%) 

34  R1b-A11711  (formed 2700 BCE; branching began 600 CE) (1.68%) 

35  R1b-Y19862  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1100 CE) (1.26%) 

36  R1b-FGC8564  (formed 700 CE; branching began 700 CE) (1.45%) 

37  R1b-L4  (formed 800 BCE; branching began 700 CE) (1.41%) 

38  R1b-Z18106  (formed 1650 BCE; branching began 1050 CE) (0.69%) 

39  R1b-FGC21047  (formed 200 CE; branching began 1100 CE) (0.69%) 

40  R1b-FGC14600  (formed 800 CE; branching began 1400 CE) (0.65%)

41  R1b-L408  (formed 1200 BCE; branching began 1450 CE) (0.88%) 

42  R2-FGC13211  (formed 350 CE; branching began 1450 CE) (0.50%)

43  T-BY11520  (formed 1000 BCE; began branching 800 CE) (0.92%) 

44  T-PAGES00113 (formed 1100 BCE; branching began at unknown time) (0.23%)

45  T-Y105938  (formed 700 CE; began branching 750 CE) (0.34%) 

Detailed Information re Principal Ashkenazi Y-DNA Clusters and Downstream Clusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE

Date Formed:  4700 BCE

Date Branching Began:  750 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  166

Percentage in FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  6.34%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  5050 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population: E-BY11082 (shared SNP: E-Y5427)

Ancestral Path:  E-M96>CTS9083>P147>P177>M215>M35>Z827>CTS10298>PF1962>M123> M34>L795>S11835>S12033>S11956>Y5767>Y5427>FGC18353>Y14899>Y14891

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  E-Y14891  (formed 4700 BCE; branching began 750 CE)  [166 DNA tested men]

   2  E-BY20366  (formed 750 CE; branching began 1100 CE)  [29 DNA tested men]

      3  E-BY20365  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1200 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Y101552  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Y134172  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

         4  E-A22300  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

         4  E-BY142197  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1250 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  E-FT333743  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  E-Y46815  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  three unnamed branches  (formed 1200 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

      3  E-FGC71948  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1250 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

         4  E-FT252865  (formed 1250 CE;  branching began 1650 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  E-BY184214  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  E-Y16781  (formed 750 CE; branching began 900 CE)  [133 DNA tested men]

      3  E-Y17226  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1000 CE)  [121 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Y17227  (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1100 CE)  [108 DNA tested men]

            5  E-Y17357  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [25 DNA tested men]

            5  E-Y18621  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1150 CE)  [82 DNA tested men]

               6  E-A15856  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1200 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

                  7  E-Y107937  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  E-BY195766  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  two unnamed branches  (formed 1200 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1100 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

               6  E-A20220  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

               6  E-FT41690  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1250 CE)  [47 DNA tested men]

                  7  E-A16692  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [16 DNA tested men]

                  7  E-A12313  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [17 DNA tested men]

                  7  E-BY45241  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1650 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  E-FT59121  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [11 DNA tested men]

                  7  one unnamed branch  (formed 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

               6  E-A21058  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

               6  E-FT157038  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1750 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  E-FGC57102  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

               6  E-FTA82625  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  two unnamed branches  (formed 1150 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  E-BY192463  (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Y140463  (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1100 CE)  [11 DNA tested men]

            5  E-FT61263  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1100 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  E-BY45238  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1300 CE; no named branches)   [6 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 900 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch: E-Y14899 (began branching 4700 BCE)

  Two parallel branches - primarily Near and Middle Eastern

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  150 CE

Date Branching Began:  600 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  244

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  6.30%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  13000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population: Two E clusters (shared SNP: E-M34)

Ancestral Path:  E-M96>CTS9083>P147>P177>M215>M35>Z827>CTS10298>PF1962>M123> M34>Z841>Z849>CTS1727>L791>Z20942>Y4971>Y6926>Y6936>Y6923>Y6940

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  E-Y6940  (formed 150 CE; began branching 600 CE)  [165 DNA tested men]

   2  E-B405  (formed 600 CE; began branching 700 CE)  [27 DNA tested men]

      3  E-A14039 (formed 700 CE; began branching 950 CE)  [10 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Y100401  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

            5  E-Y88922  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  E-BY196544  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

         4  E-A14037  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  E-Z36136  (formed 700 CE; began branching 850 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Z36138  (formed 850 CE; began branching 1300 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

            5  E-Y20803  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  two unnamed branches  (formed 1300 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  E-FTA15366  (formed 850 CE; began branching 900 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  E-FTA15367  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 900 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  E-Y125210  (formed 700 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

   2  E-FT365646  (formed 600 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

   2  E-Y179930  (formed 600 CE; began branching 800 CE)  [131 DNA tested men]

      3  E-BY36962  (formed 800 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [62 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Y15936  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1200 CE)  [50 DNA tested men]

            5  E-Y18347  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1300 CE)  [10 DNA tested men]

               6  E-BY45231  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

               6  seven unnamed branches  (formed 1700 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

            5  E-Y22842 (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [29 DNA tested men]

            5  E-BY178397 (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  E-FTC5946  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1800 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1200 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  E-FT13434  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1300 CE)  [12 DNA tested men]

            5  E-Y134440  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

            5  five unnamed branches  (formed 1300 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

      3  E-A10728  (formed 800 CE; began branching  1450 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

      3  E-Y15561  (formed 800 CE; began branching 900 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

         4  E-BY36960 (formed 900 CE; began branching1300 CE)  [11 DNA tested men]

            5  E-Y112149  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

            5  E-FT169611  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  E-FTA16773  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

            5  E-A11309  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

            5  E-FTA16243  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  E-FT85246  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1200 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  E-BY176308  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  E-FT178002  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1300 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  E-FT76416  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1300 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

            5  E-BY36959  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1600 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 900 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  E-BY141576 (formed 900 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

      3  E-FT17034 (formed 900 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [27 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Z36140  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [10 DNA tested men]

            5  E-Y67770  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

       3  two unnamed branches  (formed 900 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Y134217  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1100 CE)  [17 DNA tested men]

            5  E-Y133118  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

            5  E-BY173375  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1150 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

               6  E-BY173377 (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1300 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

                  7  E-FTA30730  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

                  7  three unnamed branches  (formed 1300 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

               6  E-FTA44515  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  E-FT383174  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

Immediate upstream branch: E-Y6936 (began branching 1750 BCE)

  One parallel branch (two men) - United Arab Emirates and unknown origins

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  450 BCE

Date Branching Began:  600 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  33

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  1.26%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  17000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population: Three E clusters (shared SNP: E-PF1962)

Ancestral Path:  E-M96>CTS9083>P147>P177>M215>M35>Z827>CTS10298>PF1962>PF1975> BY932>EY36800

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  E-Y36800  (formed 450 BCE; began branching 600 CE)  [33 DNA tested men]

   2  E-Y56257  (formed 600 CE; began branching 900 CE)  [17 DNA tested men]

     3  E-BY113978  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

     3  E-BY55807  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

     3  E-FT237659  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

         4  E-BY152824  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1700 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

         4  three unnamed branches  (formed 1050 CE)  [3 DNA tested man]

      3  E-BY 144568  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 900 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  E-BY36854  (formed 600 CE; began branching 1050 CE)   [16 DNA tested men]

      3  E-Y90711  (formed 1050 CE; began branching  1100 CE)  [13 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Y91349  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1200 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

            5  E-Y87732  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1650 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1200 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  E-FT159431  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  E-BY66693  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1750 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  E-BY72000 (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

         4  E-FTB35549  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1800 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch: E-BY932 (began branching 300 BCE) 

  One parallel branch (two men) - Italy and United States 

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  3250 BCE

Date Branching Began:  600 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  35

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  1.34%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  22000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population: Four E clusters (shared SNP: E-M35)

Ancestral Path:  E-M96>CTS9083>P147>P177>M215>M35>V68>M78>PF2179>Z1919>V22> CTS567>BY7446>BY7445>BY7447>BY44874>BY7452>BY7450>BY7536

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  E-BY7500 (formed 3250 BCE; branching began 600 CE)  [35 DNA tested men]

   2  E-BY7521  (formed 600 CE; branching began 700 CE)  [34 DNA tested men]

   2  one unnamed branch  (formed 600 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  E-BY36683 (formed 700 CE; branching began 1150 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Y145585  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

         4  E-BY145572  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1800 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  E-BY36681  (formed 700 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

      3  E-BY7503  (formed 700 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

      3  E-FGC76815  (formed 700 CE; branching began 950 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

         4  E-FT58105  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

         4  E-FGC76830  (formed 950 CE; branching began 950 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  E-FGC76861  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1300 CE; no named branches)  [1 DNA tested man]

            5  E-BY117753  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1650 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  E-FT214444 (formed 700 CE. branching began 1250 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  three unnamed branches  (formed 700 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

   2  one unnamed branch  (formed 600 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch: E-BY7450 (began branching 3750 BCE)

  One parallel branch (five men) - Spain (2), Netherlands (1), unknown country (2)

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  1050 BCE

Date Branching Began:  1000 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  20

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  0.76%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  47000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population: Five E clusters (shared SNP: E-P147)

Ancestral Path:  E-M96>CTS9083>P147>M132>Z965>M44>FT86372>Z17699>Z17697

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  E-Z17697  (formed 1050 BCE; began branching 1000 CE)  [20 DNA tested men]

   2  E-Y23676  (formed 1000 CE; began branching 1050 CE)   [13 DNA tested men]

      3  E-Z17696  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

      3  E-Y80883  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1300 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Z42343  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Y130278  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1650 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  one unnamed branch  (formed 1000 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch:  E-Z17699  (began branching 1050 BCE)

  Parallel branches (2): Primarily Near and Middle East

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  1050 BCE

Date Branching Began:  1000 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  17

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  0.65%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  5050 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population: E-Y14891 (shared SNP: E-Y5427)

Ancestral Path:  E-M96>CTS9083>P147>P177>M215>M35>Z827>CTS10298>PF1962>M123> M34>L795>S11835>S12033>S11956>Y5767>Y5427>PF6751>PF6748>S21355>Z20966> PF6747>Z21014>BY1098>Z21018>Z21434>FGC55450>BY11082

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  E-BY11082  (formed 1050 BCE; branching began 1000 CE)  [17 DNA tested men]

   2  E-BY10773 (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1050 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  E-BY49056  (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  E-FT58233  (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1050 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

      3  E-BY10750  (formed 1050 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

         4  E-BY10749  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  E-Y141208  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  E-FT56713  (formed 1050 CE; branching began 1950 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  E-FGC55465  (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1050 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

      3  E-FGC55477  (formed 1050 CE; branching began 1150 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 1050 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  E-FGC55484  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1200 CE; no named branches)  [4 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1150 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch:  E-FGC55450 (branching began 1050 BCE)

  One parallel branch (two men)- Portugal (both men)

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  2700 CE

Date Branching Began:  800 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  144

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  5.50%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  20000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population: G-FGC249 (shared SNP: G-L156)

Ancestral Path:  G-M201>L89>L156>PF5721>M377>M3103>BY794>BY764

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  G-BY764  (formed 2700 CE; began branching 800 CE)  [144 DNA tested men]

   2  G-FGC35913  (formed 800 CE; began branching 950 CE)  [33 DNA tested men]

      3  G-FGC35915  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

      3  G-BY37058  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1300 CE)  [11 DNA tested men]

         4  G-FTA2635 (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

         4  G-FTA619  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

      3  G-BY147680  (formed 950 CE; began branching  1400 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

      3  G-Y16169  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1000 CE)  [10 DNA tested men]

         4  G-BY21363  (formed 1000 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

         4  G-FT66739  (formed 1000 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

            5  G-BY165438  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  G-Y147368  (formed 1000 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  G-FGC32413  (formed 800 CE; began branching 900 CE)  [47 DNA tested men]

      3  G-FGC32409  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [27 DNA tested men]

         4  G-FGC32397  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1150 CE)  [10 DNA tested men] 

            5  G-FGC35740  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  G-FT169978 (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  four unnamed branches (formed 1150 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

         4  G-FGC55702  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1200 CE; no branches)  [3 DNA tested men]

         4  G-FT429088  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  six unnamed branches (formed 1050 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

      3  G-Y50032  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1100 CE)  [15 DNA tested men]

         4  G-Y52805  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1200 CE)  [10 DNA tested men]

            5  G-FT390128   (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1200 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

               6  G-BY181331  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1450 CE  [3 DNA tested men]

               6  G-Y46791  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]  

               6  one unnamed branch  (formed 1200 CE)

            5  G-BY173261  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  G-FT388875  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch (formed 1100 CE) 

   2  G-Z44684  (formed 800 CE; began branching 1300 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

      3  G-FTC8730  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1450 CE )  [5 DNA tested men]

      3  G-Y257571  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

   2  G-FT7446  (formed 800 CE; began branching 800 CE)  [13 DNA tested men]

      3  G-FT9965  (formed 800 CE; began branching 1100 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

         4  G-FT41179  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1450 CE  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch (formed 1100 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  G-FTB46621  (formed 800 CE; began branching 1100 CE; no branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  G-FTC82799  (formed 800 CE; began branching 900 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

         4  G-Z45086  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

            5  G-Z45087  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  G-FTA54806  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

               6  G-Y147397  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

               6  one unnamed branch (began branching 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  G-BY146324  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1000 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

Immediate upstream branch:  G-BY794  (formed 2700 BCE)

  Two parallel branches - largely Central Asian (Afghanistan and Pakistan)

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  950 BCE

Date Branching Began:  750 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  39

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  1.49%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  20000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  G-FGC35913 (shared SNP: G-L156)

Ancestral Path:  G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>L141>P303>L140>PF3346>PF3345> CTS342>CTS8476>S10654>CTS5990>Y334>CTS7045>Z3428>Z3292>Z26414>FGC7477> Z6028>CTS11177>FGC249

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  G-FGC249  (formed 950 BCE; began branching 750 CE)  [39 DNA tested men]

   2  G-FGC263  (formed 750 CE; began branching 1200 CE)  [19 DNA tested men]

      3  G-FTA41412  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1300 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

         4  G-FTA39016  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  G-FGC56390  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  three unnamed branches  (formed 1200 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

   2  G-FGC33963  (formed 750 CE; began branching 850 CE)  [17 DNA tested men]

      3  G-FGC31715 (formed 850 CE; began branching 900 CE)  [16 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 850 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  G-FGC31708  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [14 DNA tested men]

            5  G-FGC31722  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1300 CE; no named branches)  [12 DNA tested men]

            5  G-FT401297  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 900 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  G-FTC7101  (formed 750 CE; began branching 1000 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

Immediate upstream branch:  G-CTS11177 (began branching 950 BCE)

One parallel branch (three men) - Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, and United States

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  2650 BCE

Date Branching Began:  1450 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  17

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  0.65%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  26000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  Two G clusters (shared SNP: G-M201)

Ancestral Path:  G-M201>M285>CTS11562>GG357>GG349>BY1124>Z3353>L1324>FGC39034>L201

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

N/A

Immediate upstream branch:  G-FGC39034 (began branching 2650 BCE)

One parallel branch (four men) - Italy, Switzerland, and two unknown countries

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  1000 CE

Date Branching Began:  1350 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  18

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  0.84%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  20000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population: I-Y23115 (shared SNP: I-L460)

Ancestral Path:  I-L758>M170>P215>CTS2257>L460>P214>M223>P222>CTS616>CTS10057> L702>P78>S9302>S25733>A427>S23897>S23612>S10702>Y6401>Y6406>Y11261

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

N/A

Immediate upstream branch:  I-Y6406 (began branching 1000 CE)

One parallel branch (two men) - Austria and Germany

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  200 CE

Date Branching Began:  1100 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  0.69%

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  20000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  I-Y11261 (shared SNP: I-L460)

Ancestral Path:  I-L758>M170>P215>CTS2257>L460>P37>M423>S2770>CTS11030> CTS5375>CTS7213>S10302>L621>CTS10936>S19848>CTS4002>CTS10228> S20602>Y18331>A2512>A10959>Y23115

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  I-Y23115  (formed 200 CE; branching began 1100 CE)  [18 DNA tested men]

   2  I-A11523  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [12 DNA tested men]

   2  I-A13655  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

      3  I-BY118122  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1250 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  I-FT431643  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch:  I-A10959 (began branching 200 CE)

One parallel branch (11 men) - primarily Greece  

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  1900 BCE

Date Branching Began:  1450 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  13

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  0.50%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  20000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  Two I clusters (shared SNP: I-CTS2257)

Ancestral Path:  I-L758>M170>P215>CTS2257>L596>SK1271>Z26399>SK1270>Z26403>BY424

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

N/A

Immediate upstream branch:  I-Z26403 (began branching 1900 BCE)

Thirteen parallel branches (72 men) - primarily Armenia, Turkey, Russian Federation, and Greece

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  750 BCE

Date Branching Began:  750 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  166

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  6.34%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  7500 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  Seven J1 clusters (shared SNP: J1-CTS9721)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M267>CTS12238>Z2217>L620>PF4832>L136>P58>CTS9721> S4924>S4923>L817>ZS2689>L818>S4985>ZS2723>L816

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J1-L816  (formed 750 BCE; began branching 750 CE)  [166 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-ZS2728  (formed 750 CE; began branching 850 CE)  [79 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-ZS2736  (formed 850 CE; began branching 950 CE)  [38 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-BY 80  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [35 DNA tested men]

           5  J1-ZS2754  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [10 DNA tested men]

           5  J1-FGC65704  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1700 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

           5  J1-BY37656  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [13 DNA tested men]

             6  J1-ZS2740  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [12 DNA tested men]

                7  J1-ZS2739  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

                7  J1-FT16274  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

                7  J1-FT22300  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                7  one unnamed branch  (formed 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

             6  one unnamed branch  (formed 1050 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

           5  J1-FT51049  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

           5  J1-FTB8224  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1100 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

           5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1050 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  J1-ZS12015  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  J1-FT261433  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1200 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-S4944  (formed 950 CE; began branching 950 CE)  [21 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-S4949  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-Z30436  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [15 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-ZS2690  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1150 CE)  [10 DNA tested men]

               6  J1-ZS2697  (formed 1150 CE; began branching  1350 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

               6  J1-FT61828  (formed 1150 CE; began branching  1400 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

               6  one unnamed branch  (formed 1150 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

            5  J1-ZS11070  (formed 1050 CE; began branching  1600 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-ZS2752  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1100 CE)  [11 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-Y133835  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-ZS2748  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1150 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-BY190785  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-ZS12186  (formed 850 CE; began branching 900 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-ZS12183  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-ZS12187  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1300 CE)  [2 DNA tested men] 

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  J1-BY186109  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1100 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-BY176603  (formed 850 CE; began branching 1250 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  two unnamed branches  (formed 850 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

Immediate upstream branch:  J1-ZS2723  (began branching 750 BCE) - reported countries are no different than for J1-L816

Note that J1-L816 reported countries include Mexico (six men) and Spain (three men)

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  300 CE

Date Branching Began:  900 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  37

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  1.41%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  300 CE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  J1-ZS24763 (shared SNP: J1-L823)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M267>CTS12238>Z2217>L620>PF4832>L136>P58> CTS9721>PF4678>Z1865>Z1853>L862>PF4843>YSC0000235>PF4638> YSC0000234>L858>YSC0000076>FGC15940>FGC15941>ZS1711>Z18216>ZS1706> ZS1713>L823>BY101

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J1-BY101  (formed 300 CE; began branching 900 CE)  [37 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-ZS1716  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1200 CE)  [30 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-ZS1707  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [16 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-FT2  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-BY171898  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

         4  two unnamed branches  (formed 1250 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-FT117076  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-FT427308  (formed 900 CE; began branching 950 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-FTA49969  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-BY171266  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1150 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 950 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch:  J1-L823 (began branching 300 CE)

One parallel branch (22 men) - including Mexico (3) and Spain (2)

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  450 BCE

Date Branching Began:  700 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  248

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  9.48%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  3300 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  Four J2 clusters (shared SNP: J1-YSC0000234)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M267>CTS12238>Z2217>L620>PF4832>L136>P58>CTS9721> PF4678>Z1865>Z1853>L862>PF4843>YSC0000235>PF4638>YSC0000234>ZS241> FGC13873>FGC13863>ZS227>ZS222>Z18271>S17446>S12192

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J1-S12192  (formed 450 BCE; began branching 700 CE)  [248 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-ZS2375  (formed 700 CE; began branching 900 CE)  [111 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-ZS2374  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1000 CE)  [88 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-Y113483  (formed 1000 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [24 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-ZS11209  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-FT134548  (formed 1050 CE; began branching  1300 CE)  [16 DNA tested men]

               6  J1-BY117385  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

               6  J1-Y142280  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-BY65054  (formed 1000 CE; began branching 1200 CE)  [14 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-V1662  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [10 DNA tested men]

            5  four unnamed branches  (formed 1200 CE)  [4 DNA tested man]

         4  J1-FT2609  (formed 1000 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [39 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-BY75  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1600 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-ZS10317  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1300 CE)  [27 DNA tested men]

               6  J1-S15852   (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [22 DNA tested men]

               6  J1-FTA89142  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-FT55321  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

               6  J-FT42214  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1300 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  two unnamed branches  (formed 1250 CE)  [2 DNA tested man]

            5  J-BY211429  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1650 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  two unnamed branches  (formed 1000 CE)  [2 DNA tested man]

      3  J1-BY32850  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [20 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-BY32846  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [17 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-FT60337  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1100 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-FT214004  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1900 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1100 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  J1-BY68  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1000 CE)  [80 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-FGC9941  (formed 1000 CE; began branching 1150 CE)  [69 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-ZS2361  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [12 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-ZS5274  (formed 1250 CE; began branching at unknown time)  [1 DNA tested man]

            5  J1-Y131865  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-FT86459  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-ZS9495  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [16 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-ZS10441  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-BY264  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-Y93388  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-FT213295  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-FT140288  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1200 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-BY77  (formed 1200 CE; began branching at unknown time)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  J1-FT210558  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-FT120613  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-FTA74097  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-ZS2366  (formed 1000 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [11 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-ZS4108  (formed 900 CE; began branching 1250 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

Immediate upstream branch:  J1-S17446 (began branching 450 BCE)

Two parallel branches (eight men) - including Morocco and Netherland Antilles

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  250 CE

Date Branching Began:  400 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  15

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  0.57%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  3650 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  J1-ZS4307 (shared SNP: J1-Z18297)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M267>CTS12238>Z2217>L620>PF4832>L136>P58>CTS9721> PF4678>Z1865>Z1853>L862>Z18297>Z18292>FGC62793>CTS4459>ZS2606>ZS2616

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J1-ZS2616  (formed 250 CE; began branching 400 CE)  [15 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-M4320 (formed 400 CE; began branching 600 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-ZS9027  (formed 600 CE; began branching 1100 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 600 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  J-FT345879  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

         4  plus one unnamed branch  (formed 1100 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  J1-FGC62801  (formed 400 CE; began branching 750 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-FT28848  (formed 750 CE; began branching 1150 CE)  [4 DNA tested men] 

         4  J1-FT30153  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 750 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  two unnamed branches  (formed 400 CE)  [2 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch:  J1-ZS2606 (began branching 250 CE)

One parallel unnamed branch (one man) - Tunisia

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  450 BCE

Date Branching Began:  500 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  39

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  1.49%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  3650 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  J1-CTS4459 (shared SNP: J1-Z18297)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M267>CTS12238>Z2217>L620>PF4832>L136>P58>CTS9721> PF4678>Z1865>Z1853>L862>Z18297>ZS4307>ZS7839>ZS4312>ZS4292>ZS4297

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J1-ZS4297  (formed 450 BCE; began branching 500 CE)  [39 DNA tested men]

  2  J1-ZS8615  (formed 500 CE; began branching 600 CE)  [20 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-FTA21764  (formed 600 CE; began branching 1150 CE)  [15 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-BY86144  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1200 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-FTA18204  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1150 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-ZS10059  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1150 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  J1-FT408162  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-FT245577  (formed 600 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-ZS8890  (formed 500 CE; began branching began 1550 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

   2 J1-ZS4301  (formed 500 CE; began branching 850 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-ZS10615  (formed 850 CE; began branching 950 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-FT53371 (formed 950 CE; began branching  1100 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-FT54977  (formed 1100 CE; began branching  1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-BY178304  (formed 1100 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  J1-ZS10611 (formed 950 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 850 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  J1-FTC87532  (formed 500 CE; began branching 750 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-FTC87699  (formed  750 CE; began branching 800 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 750 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  J1-FT174623  (formed 500 CE; began branching 600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3   J-FT174415  (formed 600 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

Immediate upstream branch:  J1-ZS4292 (began branching 450 BCE)

One parallel branch (three men) - India, Puerto Rico, and Turkey

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  1000 BCE

Date Branching Began:  750 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  19

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  0.34%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  10000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  Eight J1 clusters (shared SNP: J1-L136)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M267>CTS12238>Z2217>L620>PF4832>L136>PF7264>PF7263> ZS4376>ZS4452>ZS10589>ZS10568

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J1-ZS10568  (formed 1000 BCE; branching began 750 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-BY69315  (formed 750 CE; branching began 1200 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-FT233390  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch   (formed 1200 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  J1-FT108812  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1300 CE; no named branches)  [4 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  J1-ZS10579  (formed 750 CE; branching began 800 CE; no named branches)  [3 DNA tested men]

Immediate upstream branch:  J1-ZS10589 (branching began 1000 BCE)

Two parallel branches - includes Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Turkey

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  650 CE

Date Branching Began:  1250 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  26

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  0.99%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  3300 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  Four J1 clusters (shared SNP: J1-YSC0000234)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M267>CTS12238>Z2217>L620>PF4832>L136>P58>CTS9721> PF4678>Z1865>Z1853>L862>PF4843>YSC0000235>PF4638>YSC0000234> L858>Z640>FGC5230>FGC5206>FGC5215

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J1-FGC5215  (formed 650 CE; branching began 1250 CE)  [26 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-FGC5229  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [11 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-FGC5212  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-FGC15759  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-FGC41679  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [10 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-FGC23367  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

      3  J1-BY37640  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1600 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch:  J1-FGC 5206 (branching began 650 CE)

Two parallel branches - primarily Spain

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  400 BCE

Date Branching Began:  450 CE 

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  17

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  0.65%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  3600 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  Four J1 clusters (shared SNP: J1-YSC0000235)

Ancestral Path: J-M304>M267>CTS12238>Z2217>L620>PF4832>L136>P58>CTS9721> PF4678>Z1865>Z1853>L862>PF4843>YSC0000235>PF4638>YSC0000234>ZS241> FGC13873>FGC13863>ZS227>ZS222>Z18271>FT157560>Z18290>FT157802>FTC96043> BY67>FGC17481

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J1-FGC17481  (formed 450 CE; branching began 450 CE)  [17 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-Z18288  (formed 450 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [11 DNA tested men]

   2  J1-BY68580  (formed 450 CE; branching began 1150 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

       3  J1-Y142323  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

       3  one downstream branch  (formed 1150 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  J1-Y142341  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  J1-BY60663  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1750 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch:  J1-BY67 (branching began 400 BCE)

One parallel branch (four men) - Suriname (1) and unknown country (3)

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  1450 BCE

Date Branching Began:  750 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  190

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  7.26%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  14000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  J2-Z30390 (shared SNP: J2-PF5125)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>L26>PF5088>PF5125>Z2227>Z1846>M67> Z1847>PF5132>M92>PF5141>Z504>FGC45412>CTS4132>CTS2906>FGC45440> FGC45418>Y20051>L560>L556

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J2-L556  (formed 1450 BCE; branching began 750 CE)  [190 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-PF2462  (formed 750 CE; date branching began unknown)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  J2-Y11782  (formed 750 CE; branching began 850 CE)  [73 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-Y13373  (formed 850 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [38 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-Y22280  (formed 850 CE; branching began 900 CE)  [29 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-Y20053  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1000 CE)  [12 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-Y19681  (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [10 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-Y95077  (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1200 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-FT248614  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1700 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-FT38352  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [14 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-Y111069 (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [12 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-Y88927  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1700 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-Y9005  (formed 750 CE; branching began 950 CE)  [67 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-Y106982  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-FGC77890  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1150 CE)  [62 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-Y13511 (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [53 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-BY44673  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-FT37564 (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-FT377479 (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-FT114381 (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

               6  J2-Y36182 (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

               6  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

            5  J2-FTB31571  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-FTA52798  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-Y20339  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-FTB99233  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-FTA96940  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  six unnamed branches  (formed 1300 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-FGC60715  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-FTB83330  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1800 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1150 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 950 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch:  J2-L560 (branching began 1450 BCE)

One unnamed parallel branch - includes largely unknown origin

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  500 BCE

Date Branching Began:  750 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  88

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  3.36%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  14000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  J2-L55g (shared SNP: J2-PF5125)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>L26>PF5088>PF5125>Z2227>Z1846>M67> Z1847>Y4036>Z467>Z455>L210>Z459>L227>Z489>Z482>Y165096>Z30386>Y15222> Y15245>FT92534>Y165124>Z30390

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J2-Z30390  (formed 500 BCE; branching began 750 CE)  [88 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-Y15234  (formed 750 CE; branching began 850 CE)  [78 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-Y15241 (formed 750 CE; branching began 1200 CE)  [21 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-Z36098  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [16 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-Y23161  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-Y24992  (formed 850 CE; branching began 950 CE)  [26 DNA tested men] 

         4  J2-Y31770  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1050 CE)  [23 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-Y31769  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

               6  J2-Y57134  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

               6  J2-Y31158  (formed 1250 CE; began branching  1400 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-Y33872  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1150 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

               6  J2-Y96588  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1700 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  J2-BY37845  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-FT47635  (formed 950 CE; began branching )  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 950 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  J2-Y24492  (formed 850 CE; branching began 950 CE)  [26 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-Y31770  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [23 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-Y31769  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1250 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

               6  J2-Y57134  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

               6  J-Y31158  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-Y33872  (formed 1050 CE; began branching  1150 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

               6  J2-Y96588  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1700 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  J2-BY37845  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-FT47635  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1600 CE)   [4 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1050 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  J2-F14282  (formed 950 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-Y109031  (formed 750 CE; began branching 1500 CE)   [5 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-BY194993  (formed 750 CE; began branching 1050 CE)  [22 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-BY45295  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-BY147046  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1150 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-BY80634  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1250 CE)   [3 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-BY94074  (formed 1250 CE; began branching 1700 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1150 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  J2-BY194670  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1200 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-Y57847  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-BY196478  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1250 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-FTC38301  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1700 CE)  [2 DNA tested men] 

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  J2-FT58180  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1350 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  two unnamed branches  (formed 1050 CE)  [2 DNA tested man]

   2  J2-FT278724  (formed 750 CE; began branching 1300 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-BY183991  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [3 DNA tested men] 

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  two unnamed branches  (formed 750 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

Immediate upstream branch:  J2-Y165124 (began branching 500 BCE)

Two parallel branches (3 men) - Germany and Switzerland

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  600 CE

Date Branching Began:  750 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  82

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  2.87%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  500 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  J2-FGC30508 (shared SNP: J2-FGC4992)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>L26>PF5088>PF5160>L24>Z393>L25>PF4888> PF5366>FGC4992>FGC4942>L254>FT69390

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J2-FT69390  (formed 600 CE; branching began 750 CE)  [75 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-FGC30681  (formed 750 CE; branching began 850 CE)  [26 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-BY189731  (formed 850 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-FT243711  (formed 850 CE; branching began 1200 CE)  [20 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-FT239581  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [18 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-FT242099  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1650 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-FT21111  (formed 750 CE; branching began 800 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-FT19636  (formed 800 CE; branching began 1600 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-FT155828  (formed 800 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-FGC4962  (formed 750 CE; branching began 800 CE)  [41 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-FGC4977  (formed 800 CE; branching began 1250 CE)  [38 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-Z46304  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [29 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-FT126915  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-FGC5000  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-FT417837  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-FT249728  (formed 800 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

   2  one unnamed branch  (formed 750 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch:  J2-L254 (branching began 600 CE)

One unnamed parallel branch - Morocco

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  100 CE

Date Branching Began:  750 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  42

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  1.60%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  500 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  J2-L254 (shared SNP: J2-FGC4992)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>L26>PF5088>PF5160>L24>Z393>L25> PF4888>PF5366>FGC4992>FGC4942>FGC30508>Z38408

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J2-Z38408  (formed 750 CE; branching began 1200 CE)  [42 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-FGC30510  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [19 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-Z41512  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [18 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-Z46300  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-FT415655  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1750 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

Immediate upstream branch:  J2-FGC30508 (branching began 100 CE)

One parallel branch (four men) - Greece (1) and unknown country (3)

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  550 BCE

Date Branching Began:  650 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  43

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  1.80%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  6600 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  Two J2 clusters (shared SNP: J2-L25)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>L26>PF5088>PF5160>L24>Z393>L25>Z438> CTS1192>L70>PF5430>Z435>CTS3601>PF5456>FGC54172>BY268>FGC21083

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J2-FGC21083  (formed 550 BCE; branching began 650 CE)  [43 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-Z39494  (formed 650 CE; branching began 700 CE)  [31 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-FT83679  (formed 700 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-Z39491  (formed 700 CE; branching began 900 CE)  [21 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-Z39493  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1050 CE)  [17 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-Z45813  (formed 1050 CE; branching began 1250 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

               6  J2-FT355298  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1250 CE; no branches) [2 DNA tested men]

               6  J2-FT245996  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1900 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  four unnamed lineages  (formed 1250 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-Z39496  (formed 1050 CE; branching began 1100 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

               6  J2-Z39492  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

               6  J2-Y75275  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1200 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

                  7  J2-Z40327  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  J2-FT209422  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-FTA7878  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1150 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  J2-FTC65935  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1850 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  two unnamed branches  (formed 1150 CE)  [2 DNA tested man]

      3  J2-FTB43843  (formed 700 CE; branching began 1200 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 700 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  J2-FGC21094  (formed 700 CE; branching began 950 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-FTA30012  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 950 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch:  J2-BY268 (branching began 550 BCE)

One unnamed parallel branch - Russian Federation

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  1300 BCE

Date Branching Began:  600 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  32

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  1.11%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  16000 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  Three J2 clusters (shared SNP: J2-CTS7683)

Ancestral Path:  J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>Z6049>Z6048>S15572>S23560>Z43525> FT3514>Z43500>BY37989>Z43501

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  J2-Z43501  (formed 1300 BCE; branching began 600 CE)  [29 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-BY37931  (formed 600 CE; branching began 1000 CE)  [22 DNA tested men]

      3  J2-Y37133  (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-Y100648  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-S24712  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-BY153133  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1300 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  J2-FGC19169  (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1100 CE)  [12 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-BY73001  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

         4  J2-FT253264  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1100CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 1100 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  J2-Y62114  (formed 600 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

   2  J2-BY92430  (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1000 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

Immediate upstream branch:  J2-BY37989 (branching began 1300 BCE)

Three parallel unnamed branches - largely unknown origins

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  5100 BCE

Date Branching Began:  750 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  9

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  0.34%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  N/A

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  N/A

Ancestral Path:  L-M20>M22>M317>M349>FGC36819>FGC36845>FGC36854>PAGES00116

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  L-PAGES00116  (formed 5100 BCE; branching began 750 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

   2  L-FGC36859  (formed 750 CE; branching began 900 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

      3  L-FGC36862  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1650 CE)  [2 DNA tested men] 

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 900 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  L-FGC42586  (formed 750 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

Immediate upstream branch:  L-FGC36854 (branching began 5100 BCE)

One parallel unnamed branch - England

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  400 CE

Date Branching Began:  650 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  125

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  4.78%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  250 CE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  Q-YP1003 (shared SNP: Q-Y2232)

Ancestral Path:  Q-M242>L275>NGQ1>M378>L245>FGC1947>FGC1949>Y2209>Y2211>Y2200> Y2232>Y2197>Y2198

All Downstream Subclusters (Not Only Downstream Clusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches)):   

1  Q-Y2198  (formed 400 CE; branching began 650 CE)  [126 DNA tested men]

   2  Q-Y2754  (formed 650 CE; branching began 1150 CE)  [64 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-FGC1898  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [13 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-BZ37  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [20 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-BZ3020  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1600 CE)  [10 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-FT264054  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-FT59001  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

         4  Q-FT58912  (formed 1300 CE; began branching 1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men] 

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-Y232457  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1150 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-PH2513  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 1150 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  Q-YP1004  (formed 650 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [24 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-BZ40  (formed 1300 CE; date branching began unknown)  [1 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-YP3926  (formed 1300 CE; date branching began unknown)  [4 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-FT188676  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1900 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

      3 Q-BY77830  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  two unnamed branches  (formed 1300 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  Q-BZ25  (formed 650 CE; branching began 1000 CE)  [33 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-Y3026  (formed 1000 CE; branching began 1200 CE)   [32 DNA tested men]

         4  Q-Y3028  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [28 DNA tested men]

            5  Q-BZ28  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [11 DNA tested men]

            5  Q-BZ26  (formed 1300 CE; date branching began unknown)  [1 DNA tested men]

            5  Q-FT23416  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  Q-FT266006  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1700 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  Q-FTB89160  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  six unnamed branches  (formed 1300 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1200 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  one unnamed branch  (formed 1000 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

Immediate upstream branch:  Q-Y2197 (branching began 400 CE)

One parallel branch (six men) - Brazil, Greece, Italy, Mexico, and Portugal 

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  250 CE

Date Branching Began:  450 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  48

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  1.83%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  250 CE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  Q-Y2198 (shared SNP: Q-Y2232)

Ancestral Path:  Q-M242>L275>NGQ1>M378>L245>FGC1947>FGC1949>Y2209>Y2211>Y2200> Y2232>YP1003

Downstream Subclusters Pre-Dating 1300 CE (and immediate downstream branches):   

1  Q-YP1003  (formed 250 CE; branching began 450 CE)  [48 DNA tested men]

   2  Q-YP1071  (formed 450 CE; branching began 650 CE)  [35 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-YP1035  (formed 650 CE; branching began 900 CE)  [17 DNA tested men]

         4  Q-YP1036  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1050 CE)  [12 DNA tested men]

             5  Q-BZ53  (formed 1050 CE; branching began 1700 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

             5  Q-BZ57  (formed 1050 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

                6  Q-BZ58  (formed 1300 CE; date branching began unknown)  [1 DNA tested man]

                6  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

             5  Q-BY73055  (formed 1050 CE; branching began 1150 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

             5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1050 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  Q-BY124207  (formed 900 CE; branching  began 1050 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  Q-FT263004  (formed 1050 CE; branching began 1500 CE)   [2 DNA tested men]

            5  two unnamed branches  (formed 1050 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-YP1008  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1100 CE)  [18 DNA tested men]

         4  Q-YP1009  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

         4  Q-BZ46  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1100 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

   2  Q-BZ68  (formed 450 CE; branching began 450 CE)  [13 DNA tested men]

      3  Q-BZ66  (formed 450 CE; branching began 750 CE)  [11 DNA tested men]

         4  Q-BZ67  (formed 750 CE; branching began 1300  CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

            5  Q-BZ64  (formed 1300 CE; date branching began unknown)  [1 DNA tested men]

            5  Q-FT444139  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  Q-FT94795  (formed 750 CE; branching began 1100 CE; no named branches)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  Q-BY173876  (formed 750 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

Immediate upstream branch:  Q-Y2232 (branching began 250 CE)

One parallel branch - Q-Y2197 (discussed above, which has an Ashkenazi branch and a parallel non-Ashkenazi branch)

Source: FTDNA Discover Page for Haplogroup (visited December 18, 2022)

Date Formed:  950 BCE

Date Branching Began:  750 CE

Number of FTDNA-Tested Men in Cluster as of December 18, 2022:  327

Percentage of FTDNA-Tested Men in Clusters in Current Ashkenazi Population:  12.50%

Time to MRCA with Closest Cluster in Current Ashkenazi Population:  2450 BCE

Closest Cluster(s) in Current Ashkenazi Population:  R1a-YP6547 (shared SNP: R1a-Z2124)

Ancestral Path:  R-M207>M173>M420>M459>M198>M417>PF6162>Z93>Z94>Z2124>Z2122> F1345>CTS6>Y2619

All Downstream Subclusters:

1  R1a-Y2619 (formed 950 BCE; branching began 750 CE)  [326 DNA tested men]

   2  R1a-FGC18222  (formed 750 CE; branching began 850 CE)  [104 DNA tested men]

      3  R1a-YP1074  (formed 850 CE; branching began 1050 CE)  [44 DNA tested men]

         4  R1a-FGC23326  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1150 CE)  [38 DNA tested men]

            5  R1a-YP1366  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [30 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-FT104007  (formed 1400 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-FT178363  (formed 1450 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

                     8  R1a-FT169447  (formed 1550 CE; began branching 1650 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                     8  one unnamed branch  (formed 1550 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

                  7  three unnamed branches  (formed 1450 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-BY119906  (formed 1400 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-FT282457  (formed 1400 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-FGC42856  (formed 1500 CE; began branching 1750 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  one unnamed branch  (formed 1500 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

               6  R1a-BY62930  (formed 1400 CE; began branching 1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-FTA27979  (formed 1400 CE; began branching 1800 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  seven unnamed branches  (formed 1400 CE)  [1 DNA tested men]

           5  R1a-YP4690  (formed 1150 CE; began branching 1200 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-FGC36608  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1400 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-FGC36607  (formed 1400 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

                  7  two unnamed branches  (formed 1400 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  one unnamed branch  (formed 1200 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  R1a-BY154444  (formed 1050 CE; began branching 1200 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  R-BY154254  (formed 1200 CE; began branching 1500 CE)   [3 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-BY152479 (formed 1500 CE; began branching 1750 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  one unnamed branch  (formed 1500 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1200 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  R1a-FGC18226  (formed 850 CE; branching began 900 CE)  [60 DNA tested men]

         4  R1a-FGC18218  (formed 900 CE; branching began 950 CE)  [39 DNA tested men]

            5  R1a-YP1385  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1050 CE)  [18 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-YP4487  (formed 1050 CE; branching began 1250 CE)  [13 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-BY69900  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-FT123786  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-BY113553  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-FTA51533  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [ 2DNA tested men]

                  7  three unnamed branches  (formed 1250 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

               6  R-FGC32440  (formed 1050 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  three unnamed branches  (formed 1050 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  R1a-FGC18215  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [15 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-BY30700 (formed 1350 CE; branching began 1750 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-BY33422  (formed 1350 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-FT205921  (formed 1350 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-FGC18223  (formed 1400 CE; branching began 1600 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

                  7  one unnamed branch  (formed 1400 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

               6  R1a-BY125941  (formed 1350 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  two unnamed branches  (formed 1350 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  R1a-BY24987  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1250 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-FT398225  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1450 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-BY148862  (formed 1450 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-BY122271  (formed 1450 CE; began branching 1900 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  one unnamed branch  (formed 1450 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  R1a-BY24995  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

         4  R1a-BY24986  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]  

            5  R1a-BY24989  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1600 CE)  [3 DNA tested men] 

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  R1a-YP5480  (formed 900 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

            5 R1a-Y129503  (formed 1350 CE; began branching 1450 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

   2  R1a-Y2630  (formed 750 CE; branching began 950 CE)  [178 DNA tested men]

      3  R1a-BY24982  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1100 CE)  [12 DNA tested men]

         4  R1a-BY24978  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

            5  R1a-BY89987  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  R1a-FT397930  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1900 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

         4  R1a-BY24977  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

            5  R1a-FT77379  (formed 1350 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [6 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1350 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  one unnamed branch  (formed 1100 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  R1a-BY29728  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1050 CE)  [49 DNA tested men]

         4  R1a-YP1386 (formed 1050 CE; branching began 1150 CE)  [42 DNA tested men]

            5  R1a-BY24975 (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1200 CE)  [35 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-YP4516  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [14 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-YP4807 (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

                     8  R1a-YP6322  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                     8  R1a-BY128394  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1650 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

                     8  four unnamed branches  (formed 1150 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-BY115762  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1700 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-FT312111  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-FT230078  (formed 1200 CE;  branching began 1250 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-FT216778  (formed 1250 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  one unnamed branch  (formed 1250 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

               6  R1a-FT157112  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-FT157528  (formed 1550 CE; branching began 1800 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-FTC85013  (formed 1550 CE; branching began 1650 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  one unnamed branch   (formed 1550 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

               6  R1a-BY27384  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [8 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-BY27348  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1500 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

                     8  R1a-BY102393 (formed 1500 CE; branching began 1600 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                     8  five unnamed branches  (formed 1500 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

                  7  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

               6  one unnamed branch  (formed 1200 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

            5  R1a-BY24974  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [5 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-YP5512  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1700 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-BY101987 (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-FT361642 (formed 1550 CE; branching began 1650 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  one unnamed branch  (formed 1550 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1150 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  R1a-YP4671  (formed 1150 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [7 DNA tested men]

            5  R1a-BY30938  (formed 1400 CE; began branching 1550 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-BY30939  (formed 1550 CE; began branching 1800 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

               6  one unnamed branch  (formed 1550 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

            5  R1a-BY117513  (formed 1400 CE; began branching 1500 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

               6  R-BY102345  (formed 1500 CE; began branching 1750 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

                  7  R1a-BY115862  (formed 1750 CE; began branching 1900 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

                  7  one unnamed branch  (formed 1750 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

               6  one unnamed branch  (formed 1500 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

      3  R1a-FGC10632  (formed 950 CE; branching began 1100 CE)  [113 DNA tested men]

         4  R1a-FT131801  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1300 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

            5  R1a-FTB6864  (formed 1300 CE; branching began 1650 CE)  [2 DNA tested men]

            5  one unnamed branch  (formed 1300 CE)  [1 DNA tested man]

         4  R1a-FTA6346  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1100 CE)  [35 DNA tested men]

            5  R1a-YP4538  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1200 CE)  [9 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-A12585  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1350 CE)  [3 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-BY131066  (formed 1200 CE; branching began 1550 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

            5  R1a-BY123045  (formed 1100 CE; branching began 1400 CE)  [4 DNA tested men]

               6  R1a-FT131129  (formed 1400 CE; branching began at unknown time)  [1 DNA tested man]