Conchita

Mexican Snowball  

Echeveria elegans

                        "symbolizing endurance and the ability to thrive under pressure"

Habitat

Temperature: mild to warm temperatures between 15°C to 25°C 

Rainfall: moderate and tolerates periods of drought. Ranging from 400 to 800 mm annually. Soil: It grows well in drained, sandy or rocky soils with good aeration and  limestone-rich soils. Altitude: from sea level up to about 2000 meters. Other plants and fauna found here: succulent plants like agaves, cacti, and other Echeveria species. Fauna such as insects, birds, reptiles, and small mammals may also inhabit its habitat.




How is it unique?

The use of echeverias for medicinal purposes dates back to pre-Hispanic times since some records are found in codices such as the Florentino and De la Cruz – Badiano. Even today, Echeverias are used to relieve headaches and lower temperature. They are also used on wounds, relieve burns and are good for washing, cleaning teeth and disinfecting the mouth. Some people use them to remove eye irritation and even to get rid of fleshy skin.

Distribution of Echeverias in Mexico 

Ecological Importance 

 The relationship of pollinators such as hummingbirds, bees, and moths,  with the plant ensures the reproduction of the plant and contributes to the biodiversity of the ecosystem. Extensive root systems help prevent soil erosion in rocky habitats, stabilize slopes, and contribute to the formation of soil by breaking down rocks over time. Fleshy leaves help conserve moisture, allowing them to survive in arid environments like deserts. This moisture conservation benefits other plants in their vicinity by creating microhabitats with slightly higher humidity levels.

Cultural importance in Mexico

This beautiful plant was named in honor of the Mexican illustrator Atanasio Echeverría y Godoy, who in the 18th century together with José Mariano Mociño and Martín de Sessé y Lacasta undertook the Royal Botanical Expedition to New Spain. Since pre-Hispanic times, Echeveria has been appreciated by traditional medicine, since there are many uses and benefits that several of the species have been shown to provide. These plants are characterized by accumulating water in their leaves and thus being very resistant to drought. Quality that helps extract liquid from the leaves to quench thirst. It has ornamental economic value which makes people want it and buy it.


How does it make its energy? 

Step 1: Sunlight: Sunlight is absorbed by the leaves of the plant.

Step 2: Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide is taken in by tiny pores in the leaves called stomata from the air.

Step 3: Water (H2O): Water is absorbed from the soil through the plant's roots.

Step 4:Chlorophyll: Chlorophyll, a pigment found in chloroplasts, captures sunlight and powers the process of photosynthesis.

Step 5: Photosynthesis: Inside the chloroplasts, sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water combine to produce glucose (C6H12O6), the plant's food, and oxygen (O2) as a byproduct.

Step 6: Oxygen: Oxygen produced during photosynthesis is released into the atmosphere through the stomata.

step 7:Glucose: Glucose, the plant's food, is used for energy to fuel growth, reproduction, and other cellular processes.

Ecological role as a producer 

It is a primary producer, converts sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, providing food for various organisms. Source of food and water: Its succulent leaves store water, providing a water source for animals during dry periods. Small insects and birds may also feed on its nectar. Habitat and shelter: Its rosette shape and dense leaves provide shelter and nesting sites for insects, birds, and small reptiles.

Pollinator attraction: Echeveria flowers attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, moths, and hummingbirds, contributing to the pollination of other plants in its ecosystem.

Taxonomic classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum: Angiosperms

Class: Eudicots

Order: Saxifragales

Family: Crassulaceae

Genus: Echeveria

Species: Elegans


Special traits the plant has for survival

Water Storage in Leaves: thick, fleshy leaves. Survives long periods of drought.Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis, stomata open at night to reduce water loss and close during the day to minimize evaporation.Rosette Shape: reducing water loss by minimizing the surface area exposed to the sun.Waxy Cuticle: A thick, waxy cuticle covers the leaves, reducing water loss and protecting against intense sunlight.Shallow Root System: shallow but extensive root system that allows it to quickly absorb water from light rains. These advantages have led to microevolution within populations of Echeveria elegans, with individuals that possess these traits having higher survival and reproductive rates. Over time, these traits become more prevalent within the population thus becoming a different species  (meaning macroevolution).

Divergent evolution and common ancestry 

Echeveria elegans belongs to the Crassulacee family, other succulents have adapted to similar environments through divergent evolution. Close relatives include:

 Echeveria species: exhibit similar adaptations like water storage and

CAM photosynthesis but differ in form and specific ecological niches.

Sedum species: These are also members of the Crassulacee family and show a variety of adaptations to arid environments. Sedum plants often have more cylindrical leaves but share the trait of water storage.

Homologous structures among these relatives include:

Leaf Structure: Thick, fleshy leaves adapted for water storage.

CAM Photosynthesis: Shared among many Crassulaceae members, indicating a common evolutionary strategy for drought resistance.

Rosette Formation: Common in many

Echeveria and Sedum species, demonstrating a shared evolutionary response to arid conditions

Evolutionary timeline and DNA analysis  

Evolutionary history that can be traced back to the late Cretaceous to early Paleogene periods, around 70-60 million years ago. During this time, the ancestors of modern succulents began to diversify, adapting to changing climatic conditions. DNA analysis and molecular clock studies suggest that the diversification of the Crassulaceae family into distinct genera like Echeveria occurred approximately 30-40 million years ago. These studies use genetic markers to estimate the time of divergence and can provide insights into how different species within the family have adapted to their environments.


Sources: 

"Rosa de Alabastro (Echeveria elegans)." iNaturalist Ecuador, https://ecuador.inaturalist.org/taxa/206749-Echeveria-elegans. Accessed 24 May 2024.


"Echeveria elegans (Mexican Gem, Mexican Hens and Chicks, Mexican Snow Ball, White Mexican Rose)." North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, North Carolina State University, https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/echeveria-elegans/. Accessed 24 May 2024.


Sweeney, Raine. "11 Astonishing Facts About Echeveria elegans." Facts.net, 18 May 2024, https://facts.net/nature/plants/11-astonishing-facts-about-echeveria-elegans/. Accessed 24 May 2024.


"Echeveria Elegans: Growing Mexican Snowballs." Epic Gardening, www.epicgardening.com/echeveria-elegans. Accessed 27 May 2024.


"Echeveria Elegans - Grow, Care and Propagate." About Succulents, www.aboutsucculents.com/echeveria-elegans. Accessed 27 May 2024.


"Echeveria Elegans - Mexican Snowball Complete Care Guide." Sublime Succulents, www.sublimesucculents.com/echeveria-elegans. Accessed 27 May 2024.


"Echeveria Elegans Care: Tips On Growing Mexican Snowball Plants." Plant Care Today, www.plantcaretoday.com/echeveria-elegans.html. Accessed 27 May 2024.