A ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph. For Example: ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨œ⟩ used in English and French, in which the letters ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined and the letters ⟨o⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined. See also: Bind rune and Scribal abbreviation
A Digraph such as ⟨ll⟩ in Spanish or Welsh, are not ligatures as the two letters are displayed as separate glyphs
The Bluetooth logo, (a ligature merging the runes [ (ᚼ, Hagall) and (ᛒ, Bjarkan) ]
Symbols used for the inequalities "greater than or equal to" (≥) and "less than or equal to" (≤)
Cyrillic ligatures: Љ, Њ, Ꙗ, Ѥ, Ѩ, Ѭ
In the Hebrew alphabet, the letters aleph (א) and lamed (ל) form the ligature ﭏ - For example, the word Allah (אַללַּהּ) can be written with this ligature: ﭏלה.
Aramaic uses Lamadh ܠ/ܠ + Alap ܐ/ܐ isolated and final: (Serto) ܠܐ
Japanese ligature ヿ is a vertical writing ligature of the characters コ and ト
A boat whose mast is formed with the bind runes þ=r=u=t=a=ʀ= =þ=i=a=k=n, on the runestone Sö 158 at Ärsta, Södermanland, Sweden. The bind runes tell that the deceased was a strong thegn.
A bind rune or bindrune (Icelandic: bandrún) is a ligature of two or more runes. They are common in (Proto-Norse) - a same-stave rune, is formed by several runic letters written sequentially along a long common stemline (see þ=r=u=t=a=ʀ= =þ=i=a=k=n example shown in image) The stemline may be incorporated into an image, see:
A vinculum (Ī and Ū ) a breve ⟨˘⟩ a circumflex ⟨â ê î ô⟩ or an ogonek (ą, ę, į, ų ) may also be used to indicate vowel pronunciation. See also ä or ö - these may be used in combination (ȫ, ǟ, ǡ, ṻ, ṝ )
The tilde (ñ or õ) and apostrophe ( ' or ő) may also be used [Vānaʻa or Académie] - also used in combinations ( ǭ, ȭ, ḗ, ṓ )