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Adamic
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Ligatures

A ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph. For Example: ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨œ⟩ used in English and French, in which the letters ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined and the letters ⟨o⟩ and ⟨e⟩ are joined.  See also: Bind rune and Scribal abbreviation

A Digraph such as ⟨ll⟩ in Spanish or Welsh, are not ligatures as the two letters are displayed as separate glyphs

The Bluetooth logo, (a ligature merging the runes  [ (ᚼ, Hagall) and (ᛒ, Bjarkan) ]

Symbols used for the inequalities "greater than or equal to" (≥) and "less than or equal to" (≤)

Cyrillic ligatures: Љ, Њ,  Ꙗ, Ѥ, Ѩ, Ѭ

In the Hebrew alphabet, the letters aleph (א‎) and lamed (ל‎) form the ligature ﭏ - For example, the word Allah (אַללַּהּ‎) can be written with this ligature: ﭏלה‎.‎

 Aramaic uses Lamadh ܠ‎/ܠ‎ + Alap ܐ‎/ܐ‎ isolated and final: (Serto) ܠܐ

Japanese ligature  ヿ is a vertical writing ligature of the characters コ and ト




IHS (☧ or ⳩) from the first three letters of ΙΗΣΟΥΣ

RIP for requiescat in pace ('rest in peace')


Monograms (top) a Christogram, the Auspice Maria, and Saint Joseph)

ʣ, ʤ, ʥ & ɮ

A boat whose mast is formed with the bind runes þ=r=u=t=a=ʀ= =þ=i=a=k=n, on the runestone Sö 158 at Ärsta, Södermanland, Sweden. The bind runes tell that the deceased was a strong thegn.

A bind rune or bindrune (Icelandic: bandrún) is a ligature of two or more runes. They are common in (Proto-Norse) - a same-stave rune, is formed by several runic letters written sequentially along a long common stemline (see þ=r=u=t=a=ʀ= =þ=i=a=k=n example shown in image) The stemline may be incorporated into an image, see:

    •  Sö 158 at Ärsta and Sö 352 in Linga, Södermanland, Sweden

    • a ship on DR 220 in Sønder Kirkeby, Denmark.

Modicication of an Individual Letter -  see Egyptian hieratic & Sumerian cuneiform

A vinculum (Ī and Ū ) a breve ⟨˘⟩ a circumflex ⟨â ê î ô⟩ or an ogonek (ą, ę, į, ų ) may also be used to indicate vowel pronunciation. See also ä or ö - these may be used in combination (ȫ, ǟ, ǡ, ṻ, ṝ )

The tilde (ñ or õ) and apostrophe ( ' or ő) may also be used [Vānaʻa or Académie] - also used in combinations ( ǭ, ȭ, ḗ, ṓ )

ŋ͡mʷ   ᶢʟ

 Kragehul I

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