1-Identify specific information and make basic inferences from simple letters, brochure and short articles, manuals, policies and others related to work topics.
Make basic inferences from simple letters, brochure and short articles, manuals, policies and others related to work topics in a conversation.
What is an Inference? Share opinions
LETS WATCH SOME VIDEOS:
USE THE LINK TO FIND THE ANSWER:
https://es.slideshare.net/srgeorgi/making-inferences-54737017
Target vocabulary
Making an inference involves using what you know to make a guess about what you don't know or reading between the lines.
Readers who make inferences use the clues in the text along with their own experiences to help them figure out what is not directly said, making the text personal and memorable.
BEFORE WE START:
Sometimes the author of a text does not state an idea directly, but you, the reader, can understand that the idea follows logically from what the writer does say.
The inference is suggested from the facts.
Let's look at this example:
Mrs. Jones put on her rain coat and rain hat and picked up her umbrella before she went out from the office
We know that: _________________________
We infer or can predict that: _________________________
Ask yourself "What can I logically infer from this information?"
Be careful, do not make assumptions that are not supported by the explicit information in the text!!
Inferences .
When we make an inference, we draw a conclusion based on the evidence that we have available.
When we make inferences while reading, we are using the evidence that is available in the text to get a logical conclusion.
The writer or speaker does not come out and state the answer to the question that we need to answer
WE HAVE TO:
use the evidence that is there to make an informed statement to answer whatever question we are asking.
Difference between inferences and predictions.
Although they are relatable, they are not the same.
When students predict, they guess what will happen in the future next based on what they already know from the text and their background knowledge.
When students infer, they make a guess about what is currently happening in the present.
FOR EXAMPLE: you see a baby crying!:
An inference for why the baby is currently crying is that the baby is hungry or tired, while a prediction might be that the mom or dad of the baby will come and pick the baby up to calm him.
SO WHAT I KNOW + WHAT TEXT SAYS = INFERENCE
Sample Language
The text says: She did not believe the excuse her parents gave her.
I know: Sometimes if people play practical jokes, others don't believe everything they say. Maybe her parents played practical jokes.
The text says: She was a bit grumpy because she was still catching up on the sleep that she lost during exam time.
I know: I know exams are usually given in school, so she is probably in high school or college.
A: The client says here in the email that she won't be able to attend the meeting next week. I guess she may have another meeting or appointment.
B: I am going to call her to confirm.
PRE TASK 1
MAIN TASK
1-Dear students, let's infer the following requested information from the conversation in groups:
Woman: Hi Derek
Man: Hi Linda. did you talk to Tony about the project?
Woman: I think you should talk to Tony
Man: Why? is there something wrong?
Woman: The web app was down for 7 hours last night
Man: wow, that's really bad
Woman: It definitely is
Man: What caused the problem?
Woman: A sudden rush of traffic
Man: bot traffic?
Woman: Probably
Man: Was the Firewall active?
Woman: Yes but the attacks came from different IP's in Costa Rica
Man: That's why, What can we do to prevent the web from crashing again?
Woman: More server resources or stricter Firewall rules
Man: I think we need to get lucy again, Tony can't handle this.
Woman: Lucy is the best.
Man: We should hire her permanently
Choose the options with information which could be inferred from the conversation:
The project Derek and Linda is not lucrative
It seems like Lucy is a security expert
They haven't had this issue before
Lucy did some freelance job for Derek and Linda in the past
Tony is not a security specialist
Lucy didn't do her job as it was supposed to, so they have to hire her again.
The firewall doesn't seem to stop attacks made from Costa Rica
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MAIN TASK
1-Dear students, let's infer the following requested information from the conversation in groups:
Woman: Hi there.
Man: Hi. I haven't seen you around here before. Are you new around here?
Woman: Yes, I've only been here a few months. I work in the Human Resources Department.
Man: Oh, you must make more money than I do then. I'm in Sales.
Woman: Sales sounds like an interesting job.
Man: It's okay. Hey, you look like you could really use a coffee.
Woman: Yes, it's been a really hectic week.
Man: Tell me about it! At least it's supposed to be a nice weekend.
Woman: Yes, I've heard that they are calling for blue skies.
Man: Say, did you happen to catch the game last night?
Woman: No, I was working late.
Man: It was a great game. We won in overtime.
Woman: Actually, I don't even know who was playing. I don't really follow sports.
Man: The Chiefs! Do you think they're going to make it to the finals this year?
Woman: I'm not sure. Well, I better get back to my desk.
Man: Speaking of desks, what do you think of the new office furniture?
Woman: It's nice, but I would rather get paid for my overtime hours than have new furniture.
Man: Oh. Well, I think I'll be heading home early today. It might snow
Woman: I know. I can't believe all of this cold weather. Hopefully Spring will come soon.
Man: I can't wait until Spring.
Woman: Me neither! My divorce will finally come through by then
Choose the options with information which could be inferred from the conversation:
She is having a hard week
She isn't happy about the extra work with no remuneration
She decided to talk about a sensitive matter of her private life
She is enjoying the sport conversation
He is not very good at small talk
She doesn't want to talk about her salary
She is not enjoying the sport conversation
POST TASK
Dear students, please complete the post task.
Activities:
Read the email below.
Now that you have read this email, record your responses to these opinions in an audio. Share it in the group.
Do you think that there are communication problems between Dave and Ian? Why?
Is Ian confident that the problems will be solved? why?
Do you think that Ian is happy with the overall performance of the project? Why?
Refer to the part of the text to back up your answers
POST TASK
Dear students, please complete the post task.
Activities:
Choose which topic you prefer:
1- Read about the most common vulnerabilities of a web app and explain in an audio what you understand and infer. (SQL Injection Attacks, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF).
https://www.rapid7.com/fundamentals/web-application-vulnerabilities/
OR
2-Read and explain in an audio what you infer from the pictures below:
