MEMS sensor for seismic monitoring
During the 111° National Congress SIF (Società Italiana di Fisica), held in Palermo on September 22-26, 2025, our PhD student Angela Garofalo gave an oral presentation titled “Model of Quality Factor for (111) 3C-SiC Double-Clamped Beams". She presented an approach for real-time monitoring of volcanic and seismic phenomena exploiting the mechanical properties of Silicon Carbide in MEMS configuration. This research offers significant potential to improve the understanding and monitoring of the first steps of a volcanic-seismic event, testing the device as resonator strain sensor at 150 m in depth on Etna Volcano exploiting its resolution and sensitivity (European Project: SiC NANO FOR PICOGEO, agreement number 863220).
GaN and Beyond: Nobel Laureate in Physics Prof. Hiroshi Amano at the University of Milano-Bicocca
On April 7th, 2025, the University of Milano-Bicocca had the distinct honor of conferring an Honorary Degree in Materials Science and Nanotechnology upon Professor Hiroshi Amano, recipient of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize alongside Isamu Akasaki and Shuji Nakamura "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes, which have enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources."
The prestigious ceremony was attended by several institutional representatives, including Prof. Marco Emilio Orlandi, Deputy Rector of Milano-Bicocca, and Prof. Piercarlo Mustarelli, Director of the Department of Materials Science. The laudatio was delivered by Prof. Stefano Sanguinetti, Vice Director of the Department, who highlighted the major milestones of Professor Amano’s career and emphasized the pioneering nature and importance of his work in the field of wide-bandgap semiconductors.
Among the distinguished guests were Francesca Cucchiara, Councilor of the City of Milan, and Giulio Gallera, President of the Special PNRR Commission of the Lombardy Region. Both speakers underscored the importance of fundamental and applied research in advancing regional innovation and societal well-being. Paolo Guazzotti, representing Assolombarda as Director of Innovation, Finance, and Energy, emphasized the transformative role of LED technology for industrial growth, smart cities, and everyday life.
During the event, Professor Amano delivered a lectio magistralis titled “Role of GaN-Based Materials in Realizing a Net-Zero Carbon and Smart Society.” His lecture offered a compelling overview of how GaN and related ultra-wide-bandgap semiconductors are enabling energy-efficient technologies beyond lighting — including high-performance power electronics, renewable energy systems, and advanced communication technologies operating at millimeter-wave and terahertz frequencies.
The talk resonated with all attendees, as LED lighting is now part of everyday life — present in nearly every home, school, and public space. For our research group, which has long-standing expertise in GaN epitaxy and III-nitride semiconductor materials, the event held even greater significance.
We are particularly enthusiastic about the opportunity to begin a collaboration with Professor Hiroshi Amano, exploring new directions in GaN-based materials and contributing to the development of next-generation, sustainable technologies.
Advancing InGaN Biosensors: Our Recent Results from the Euro MBE 2025 Conference
At the Euro MBE 2025 conference, we presented our latest scientific breakthroughs in tuning the structure of In-rich InGaN nanocolumns. The workshop brought together scientists and young researchers from Europe and beyond, providing an exceptional platform for discussing the latest advancements in epitaxy, nanostructures, MBE growth, modeling, devices, and related technologies.
Our research focuses on the precise control of InGaN nanocolumn growth, aiming to optimize their morphology and structural properties for biomedical applications, particularly wearable transdermal biosensors. InGaN heterostructures offer significant advantages for biosensor applications due to their excellent chemical stability, biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and high carrier mobility. These characteristics make InGaN an ideal material for achieving high sensitivity, fast response times, and long-term stability in biosensing devices. Moreover, the nanostructuring of In-rich InGaN enhances the surface-to-volume ratio, promoting more efficient detection of biomolecular interactions. Our study provides in-depth insights into the growth mechanisms of InGaN nanocrystals (NCs) on silicon (Si) substrates, deposited by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (PA-MBE). We achieved precise control over nanocolumn formation and optimized the transition between different crystal phases (wurtzite and zinc-blende). These structural optimizations are essential for achieving the desired optoelectronic properties of quantum dots (QDs), which are pivotal for biosensor performance.
This work was conducted within the framework of project No. PNC0000003 - AdvaNced Technologies for HumancentrEd Medicine (ANTHEM).
ICG2025 Conference in Lecce: MBE Group from Milano-Bicocca University presents latest advances in crystal growth of III-nitride semiconductors
Our research group participated in the Italian Crystal Growth 2025 (ICG2025) Conference, held at the Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Lecce, from January 19th-22nd, 2025. The conference focused on recent developments and trends in crystal growth. Topics covered included the fundamentals of crystal growth, modeling, bulk and epitaxial growth, nanoepitaxy processes. The development of inorganic, organic, and hybrid crystalline materials was also discussed, with particular attention given to functional applications in photonics, photovoltaics, quantum technologies, and other industrial sectors.
From our group, Artur Tuktamyshev presented an invited talk on “O-band telecom single photon emission from droplet epitaxy InAs QDs” focusing on advancements in quantum optics. PhD student Matteo Canciani shared his research on "Nanostructured InN/InGaN on Si(111) for Biomedical Applications," supported by the ANTHEM project (PNC0000003), highlighting the potential of these materials in medical applications. Angela Garofalo presented her work on the “Model of Quality Factor vs (111) 3C-SiC Layer Thickness,” offering new insights into material properties and performance.
Our recent research and activities highlighted the critical role of III-nitride semiconductors, such as GaN and InGaN, in diverse applications driven by their unique electronic, optical, and thermal properties. We demonstrated how Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) of GaN, InGaN nanostructures enables precise control over material growth at the atomic scale, paving the way for high-performance devices and deepening our understanding of the fundamental physics governing semiconductor behavior.
The new PhD Student Rabbia Tahir starts research on advanced materials for electronics
The work of Rabbia Tahir will focus on the growth of semiconductor nanostructures for quantum information applications. It aims entirely on the fabrication of quantum dots with a size of 1.5 microns. To enhance the performance and properties of quantum dots (QDs), she will use Tibercad software to optimize the QD geometry. Through simulations, she will explore the effects of varying parameters such as composition and strain distribution. After the simulations, the QDs will be fabricated using the molecular beam epitaxy.
We wish Rabbia success in her innovative research and look forward to the potential advancements in quantum technologies that her work could contribute to.
Welcome Dr. Seyede Raheleh Yousefi – New Member of Our Research Group
Dr. Seyede Raheleh Yousefi has recently joined our group as a Postdoctoral Researcher. She presented her scientific results during a seminar in our group. Dr. Yousefi brings expertise in nanocomposites, nanomaterials, inorganic nanoparticles, and nanobiotechnology. In her new role, she will focus on the Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) deposition of the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) materials system. This material combination holds significant potential for enhancing the performance of electronic and photonics devices, as well as other advanced technologies. Dr. Yousefi's research will provide valuable insights and contribute to the advancement of these cutting-edge fields.
The 4MAT Group wishes all our colleagues, partners, and collaborators a Merry Christmas and a prosperous happy New Year.
Looking forward to another year of exciting research and collaboration!
Merry Christmas from the 4MAT Group!
Advancements in MBE: Our PhD Student's Experience at the Workshop on Epitaxy of III-V Semiconductors
Our PhD student, Davide Lambardi, attended the Workshop on Epitaxy of III-V Semiconductors and German MBE, held in Berlin from December 11–13, 2024. The event, organized by the Paul Drude Institute, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, and Leibniz Institute, focused on advancements in Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and the epitaxy of various materials. The program included invited talks, short presentations, and electronic poster sessions, fostering scientific exchange among experts in the field. The workshop also featured an industrial exhibition, showcasing the latest MBE technologies. The event aimed to promote collaboration and knowledge sharing within the MBE and epitaxy communities. Our PhD student gained valuable career insights, developed technical and analytical skills, and was inspired to explore new research directions. These experiences enhanced both his academic growth and professional prospects.
Unlocking New Possibilities: New MBE Cells for Precision Growth of Quantum Materials
We are excited to announce the installation of several new MBE cells. The addition of cells for Aluminum (Al), Indium (In), Gallium (Ga), Boron (B), and Niobium (Nb) enables us to grow a broader range of high-quality thin films with atomic precision.
The integration of these cells expands our ability to fabricate materials for advanced quantum technologies, such as superconducting qubits and topological insulators, as well as optoelectronic devices like lasers and photodetectors. The use of Boron (B) and Niobium (Nb), for instance, is crucial for high-performance superconductors and the development of novel semiconducting materials for quantum applications.
Inside the MBE Lab: A Deep Dive into Advanced Materials Science for Master’s Students
A group of master’s students from University of Milano-Bicocca visited the Molecular Beam Epitaxy Lab (Bi-4MAT) to explore the cutting-edge techniques used in advanced materials fabrication. During a visit to the MBE lab, master's students delved into the fascinating world of nanotechnology. The visit was not only a tour of state-of-the-art equipment but also an inspiring experience that connected theory with real-world research. Students learned about quantum dots—very small semiconductor particles with unique properties, vital for next-gen electronics and quantum computing. The lab's precise MBE process was shown to be key in growing these dots at the atomic level. The tour was a powerful reminder that today’s studies have the power to shape the next big breakthrough!
Two new articles were published
We are excited to share our latest research articles that published by the Applied Surface Science (IF 6.3) and Crystal Growth & Design journals (IF 3.2).
We acknowledge support from the PNRR MUR projects “National Centre for HPC, Big Data and Quantum Computing” and “National Quantum Science and Technology Institute”.
Visit link for details:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433224011632
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.cgd.4c01161
Research and laboratory activities for students
The research activity of our group focuses on the structure and fundamental properties of nanomaterials produced by molecular beam epitaxy. We also provide educational courses for students in physics and optics of nanomaterials, materials science and crystal growth methods, etc. It is always interesting and beneficial for young students to work in the laboratory with young scientists in a friendly atmosphere. When they show curiosity and ask non-trivial questions today, they may become the prominent scientists of tomorrow.
We congratulate our PhD student Angela Garofalo
with a successful start
Angela Garofalo is a first-year PhD student in Materials Science and Nanotechnology at the Department of Materials Science, University of Milan-Bicocca. Her doctoral thesis is supported by a Vishay Semiconductor Italiana S.p.A. scholarship and focuses on the study and development of materials for electronics and optoelectronics applications. Her research explores the properties and applications of semiconducting materials, particularly Silicon and Silicon Carbide nanostructures, in the context of advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices. Angela is dedicated to furthering her expertise in semiconductor technology and aims to contribute to the advancement of next-generation electronic systems.
During the 25th Symposium on Photonics and Optics “SPO 2024”, our PhD student Matteo Canciani gave an oral talk titled “Active nitrogen flux measurement during GaN growth based on the transmitted signal detected with a pyrometer”. He presented a novel approach for real-time monitoring of active nitrogen flux during epitaxial growth of gallium nitride. This research has great potential to improve the understanding of the dynamics of epitaxial growth of semiconductor materials. The use of the pyrometer for such analysis allows to a better reproducibility of the acquired signal when compared to other in-situ techniques as RHEED. These results are also important for our efforts to develop III-V nanostructured semiconductor materials for applications in quantum communications and quantum computing, space and energy applications, and biomedicine.
The part of this research was supported by the project ANTHEM: 2022-NAZ-0488. Congratulations to our Matteo for his contributions to this field!
During the 25th Symposium on Photonics and Optics “SPO 2024” our colleague Dr. Oksana Koplak gave an oral talk about our latest updates on the research behind the growth of high In content nanostructured InN/InGaN on Si(111), for the biosensor fabrication of the ANTHEM project. Value of 55-60% In percentage were reach along with a good reproducibility of the InGaN morphology, setting a good starting point for the growth of the InN Quantum Dot and the whole biosensor fabrication and testing.
The part of this research was supported by the project ANTHEM: 2022-NAZ-0488. Congratulations Oksana for your contributions to this field!