Breeds

Cows Galore!

Across the world there are over 1,000 breeds of cattle recognized, however in the United States there are around 70-80 recognized breeds. Cattle fall into one of two subspecies, Bos Indicus or Bos Taurus.

Bos Indicus

Bos Indicus cattle are adapted to hot climates. These breeds of cattle have certain physical characteristics that make them more suitable to live in hot climates, like their loose skin or the large hump on their back. The most popular Bos Indicus type cattle in the US are the Brahman breed.

Bos Taurus

Bos Taurus cattle are adapted to cooler climates. These breeds of cattle have physical characteristics that make it easier to live in cool climates. Many Bos Taurus breeds are bred with Bos Indicus breeds to give them meat quality characteristics (Bos Taurus) and heat tolerance (Bos Indicus) which allows them to be raised in most of the US.

Breed is Important!

Each breed of cattle has a set of positive traits and a designated use. Many of the breeds around the world are used for beef production, a smaller number are used for dairy, and a handful could be used for both beef and dairy. Genetic selection is the main factor in how we have developed breeds of cattle. We have chosen particular characteristics necessary for a certain production industry or area where the cows are (heat tolerance for example) that has led to different kinds of cattle.

Further Reading

Didn't get a 100% on the Cattle Breeds Quiz? Check out these publications to learn more about what certain breeds are developed for and their use in the US cattle industries.

Beef Breeds and Biological Types.pdf
Cattle Genetics_Breeds.pdf
Dairy Cow Fact Sheet (3).pdf