General Biology

This course provides students with the opportunity for in-depth study of the concepts and processes associated with biological systems. Students will study their and conduct investigations in the ares of metabolic processes, molecular genetics, homeostasis, mendalian genetics and, Metosis and Meiosis. Emphasis will be placed on achievement of the detailed knowledge and refined skills needed for further study in various branches of the life sciences and related fields. 

CORE UNITS:

https://byjus.com/biology/metabolism/=MetabolicProcess.

Metabolic Process

There are two types of metabolic process:

Catabolism – This process is mainly involved in breaking down larger organic molecules into smaller molecules. This metabolic process releases energy.

Anabolism – This process is mainly involved in building up or synthesizing compounds from simpler substances required by the cells. This metabolic process requires and stores energy.

Metabolism is related to nutrition and the existence of nutrients. Bioenergetics describes the metabolism as the biochemical pathway through which the cells obtain energy. One of the major aspects is the energy formation.

Admin. (2021, March 8). Molecular basis of inheritance - DNA, RNA and genetic code. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/biology/molecular-basis-of-inheritance/ 

Molecular Genetics

DNA is made up of 6 molecular structures that comprise of one phosphate molecule and five carbon sugar termed deoxyribose. A nucleotide is a basic building block of DNA. A nucleotide is comprised of one of the 4 bases, one sugar molecule, and one phosphate molecule. A sugar-phosphate chain act as a backbone and bases are on the inside. Nucleotide subunits are linked together to form a DNA strand thus providing polar stability.  

The three-dimensional structure of DNA arises from chemical and structural features of 2 polynucleotide chain. A purine base pairs up with pyrimidine base. For instance guanine pairs with cytosine. So the two strands that are held together by a hydrogen bond are complementary to each other and they run in the antiparallel direction. 

Admin. (2022a, July 5). What Is Homeostasis? - Meaning, Definition And Examples. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/biology/homeostasis/ 

Homeostasis

Homeostasis is quite crucial for the survival of organisms. It is often seen as a resistance to changes in the external environment. Furthermore, homeostasis is a self-regulating process that regulates internal variables necessary to sustain life.

In other words, homeostasis is a mechanism that maintains a stable internal environment despite the changes present in the external environment.

The body maintains homeostasis by controlling a host of variables ranging from body temperature, blood pH, blood glucose levels to fluid balance, sodium, potassium and calcium ion concentrations.

Admin. (2022b, July 25). Mendelian Genetics Explore Mendel’s Laws Of Inheritance. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/biology/mendelian-genetics/ 

Mendelian Genetics

Mendelian Genetics is a kind of biological inheritance that highlights the laws proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1866 and rediscovered in 1900. These laws faced a few controversies initially but when Mendel’s theories got integrated with the chromosome theory of inheritance, they soon became the heart of classical genetics. Later, Ronald Fisher combined these ideas with the theory of natural selection and forms a base for population genetics and modern evolutionary synthesis. 

Admin. (2023b, July 14). Cell Division- Mitosis,Meiosis And Different Phases Of Cell Cycle. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/biology/cell-division/ 

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis: The process cells use to make exact replicas of themselves. Mitosis is observed in almost all the body’s cells, including eyes, skin, hair, and muscle cells.

Meiosis: In this type of cell division, sperm or egg cells are produced instead of identical daughter cells as in mitosis.

Binary Fission: Single-celled organisms like bacteria replicate themselves for reproduction.