Under construction ...

Adaptation - 

Addiction - 

Aerobic Scope - 

Aging - We have conducted three studies of aging.  

Artificial Selection - 

Basal Metabolic Rate - we have found no Evidence that BMR has evolved as a correlated response, although it does vary among the replicate lines, indicating the action of random genetic drift.

Behavior - 

Behavior: How Does It Evolve?

Behavior Genetics - 

Behavior in the Wild - 

Behavioral Addictions - 

Body Composition - 

Brain - 

Coadaptation - (the Wikipedia page needs work, in part because it mixes coevolution with coadaptation) - 

Comparative Physiology - 

Corticosterone (a glucocorticoid) - 

Diet Effects - 

Energetics - 

Evolution - 

Evolutionary Physiology - 

Exercise - 

Exercise Physiology - 

Experimental Evolution - 

Food Consumption - 

Genetics - 

Heart - 

Human Health - Most people in Western societies do not get sufficient exercise, which is associated with a variety of adverse health consequences (e.g., obesity, Type II diabetes, heart disease, depression).   A better understanding of what causes the High Runner mice to exercise at high levels might eventually be translatable to humans, e.g., via pharmaceuticals.

Immune Function - 

Learning & Memory - 

Locomotion - 

Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) - 

Microbiome - 

Morphology - 

Morphology, Performance, Behavior, Fitness Paradigm - Khan et al. (2024) explain how this paradigm relates to the High Runner mouse selection experiment.

Motivation & Reward - 

Muscle - 

Obesity & Diabetes - 

Organ Size - 

(Integrative) Organismal Biology - 

Performance - Endurance-running ability and maximal oxygen consumption measured during forced exercise have increased in the HR lines, but sprint speed has not decreased consistently (i.e., no evidence for a trade-off), except in mini-muscle individuals.

Play as Motor Training - We found differences among lines, but no overall difference between the HR and C lines.

Quantitative Genetics - 

Sex Differences - 

Selection Limits - 

Spontaneous Physical Activity (NEAT) - 

Trade-offs - Trade-offs (and constraints) are dominant topics in both organismal and evolutionary biology.  Several trade-offs are apparent in the High Runner mice, including ...

Training & Physical Conditioning - Several Wikipedia pages cover aspects of this topic, including one on Endurance Training, which is relevant for our mice.  We have published several studies in which mice from the HR and C lines are given wheel access for weeks or months, then compared with mice that do not have wheel access.  Many traits respond to wheel access, i.e., they show training effects (one type of phenotypic plasticity), but others do not.  Some traits show greater training responses in the HR lines.  Some of these can be explained simply by the greater running (training effort) by the HR  mice, but for others this is not the case.  If not, and assuming the changes are beneficial, then these traits have evolved greater adaptive plasticity.

Voluntary Behavior - 

Wheel Running -