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Adaptation

Addiction

Aerobic Scope

Aging

Artificial Selection

Basal Metabolic Rate

Behavior: How Does It Evolve?

Behavior Genetics

Behavior in the Wild

Behavioral Addictions

Body Composition

Brain

Coadaptation

Comparative Physiology

Corticosterone

Diet Effects

Energetics

Evolution

Exercise

Exercise Physiology

Experimental Evolution

Food Consumption

Genetics

Heart

Human Health - Most people in Western societies do not get sufficient exercise, which is associated with a variety of adverse health consequences (e.g., obesity, Type II diabetes, heart disease, depression). A better understanding of what causes the High Runner mice to exercise at high levels might eventually be translatable to humans, e.g., via pharmaceuticals.

Immune function

Learning & Memory

Locomotion

Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max)

Microbiome

Morphology

Motivation & Reward

Muscle

Obesity & Diabetes

Organ Size

Organismal Biology

Performance

Quantitative Genetics

Sex Differences

Spontaneous Physical Activity (NEAT)

Training & Physical Conditioning - We have published several studies in which mice from the HR and C lines are given wheel access for weeks or months, then compared with mice that do not have wheel access. Many traits respond to wheel access, i.e., they show training effects (one type of phenotypic plasticity), but others do not. Some traits show greater training responses in the HR lines. Some of these can be explained simply by the greater running (training effort) by the HR mice, but for others this is not the case. If not, and assuming the changes are beneficial, then these traits have evolved greater adaptive plasticity.

Voluntary Behavior

Wheel Running