All Garland Publications
Tracks by my one-man band Suffering Consequences are here:
https://sufferingconsequences.bandcamp.com/
https://sufferingconsequences.bandcamp.com/
All publications by Theodore Garland, Jr. and collaborators
PDFs are for personal use only. By downloading you agree to all copyright rules of the publishers.
1. Garland, T., Jr. 1983. The relation between maximal running speed and body mass in terrestrial mammals. Journal of Zoology, London 199:157-170. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] [John Hutchinson blog post]
2. Garland, T., Jr. 1983. Scaling the ecological cost of transport to body mass in terrestrial mammals. American Naturalist 121:571-587. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
3. Garland, T., Jr., and S. J. Arnold. 1983. Effects of a full stomach on locomotory performance of juvenile garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans). Copeia 1983:1092-1096. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
4. Garland, T., Jr., and W. G. Bradley. 1984. Effects of a highway on Mojave desert rodent populations. American Midland Naturalist 111:47-56. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
5. Garland, T., Jr. 1984. Physiological correlates of locomotory performance in a lizard: an allometric approach. American Journal of Physiology 247 (Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 16):R806-R815. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] [Ctenosaura similis - Adult Male Head] [Ctenosaura similis - Ted with 2 in Costa Rica 1981]
6. Garland, T., Jr. 1985. Ontogenetic and individual variation in size, shape, and speed in the Australian agamid lizard Amphibolurus nuchalis. Journal of Zoology, London (A) 207:425-439. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
7. John-Alder, H. B., T. Garland, Jr., and A. F. Bennett. 1986. Locomotory capacities, oxygen consumption, and the cost of locomotion of the Shingle-back lizard (Trachydosaurus rugosus). Physiological Zoology 59:523-531. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
8. Garland, T., Jr., and P. L. Else. 1987. Seasonal, sexual, and individual variation in endurance and activity metabolism in lizards. American Journal of Physiology 252 (Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 21):R439-R449. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
9. Garland, T., Jr., P. L. Else, A. J. Hulbert, and P. Tap. 1987. Effects of endurance training and captivity on activity metabolism of lizards. American Journal of Physiology 252 (Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 21):R450-R456. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
10. Garland, T., Jr., and R. B. Huey. 1987. Testing symmorphosis: Does structure match functional requirements? Evolution 41:1404-1409. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
11. Garland, T., Jr. 1988. Genetic basis of activity metabolism. I. Inheritance of speed, stamina, and antipredator displays in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis. Evolution 42:335-350. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
12. Garland, T., Jr., F. Geiser, and R. V. Baudinette. 1988. Comparative locomotor performance of marsupial and placental mammals. Journal of Zoology, London 215:505-522. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
13. Hertz, P. E., R. B. Huey, and T. Garland, Jr. 1988. Time budgets, thermoregulation, and maximal locomotor performance: are ectotherms Olympians or Boy Scouts? American Zoologist 28:927-938. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
14. Djawdan, M., and T. Garland, Jr. 1988. Maximal running speeds of bipedal and quadrupedal rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 69:765-772. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
15. van Berkum, F. H., R. B. Huey, J. S. Tsuji, and T. Garland, Jr. 1989. Repeatability of individual differences in locomotor performance and body size during early ontogeny of the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis (Baird & Girard). Functional Ecology 3:97-105. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
16. Bennett, A. F., T. Garland, Jr., and P. L. Else. 1989. Individual correlation of morphology, muscle mechanics and locomotion in a salamander. American Journal of Physiology 256 (Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 25):R1200-R1208. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
17. Tsuji, J. S., R. B. Huey, F. H. van Berkum, T. Garland, Jr., and R. G. Shaw. 1989. Locomotor performance of hatchling fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis): quantitative genetics and morphometric correlates. Evolutionary Ecology 3:240-252. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
18. MacMillen, R. E., and T. Garland, Jr. 1989. Adaptive physiology. Pages 143-168 in Advances in the Study of Peromyscus (Rodentia), J. N. Layne and G. L. Kirkland, Jr., eds. Texas Tech University Press. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
19. Garland, T. Jr., E. Hankins, and R. B. Huey. 1990. Locomotor capacity and social dominance in male lizards. Functional Ecology 4:243-250. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
20. Garland, T., Jr., A. F. Bennett, and C. B. Daniels. 1990. Heritability of locomotor performance and its correlates in a natural population of vertebrates. Experientia 46:530-533. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
21. Garland, T., Jr., and A. F. Bennett. 1990. Quantitative genetics of maximal oxygen consumption in a garter snake. American Journal of Physiology 259 (Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiol. 28):R986-R992. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
22. Martins, E. P., and T. Garland, Jr. 1991. Phylogenetic analyses of the correlated evolution of continuous characters: a simulation study. Evolution 45:534-557. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
23. Garland, T., Jr., and S. C. Adolph. 1991. Physiological differentiation of vertebrate populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22:193-228. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
24. Garland, T., Jr., R. B. Huey, and A. F. Bennett. 1991. Phylogeny and thermal physiology in lizards: a reanalysis. Evolution 45:1969-1975. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
25. Hayes, J. P., T. Garland, Jr., and M. R. Dohm. 1992. Individual variation in metabolism and reproduction of Mus: are energetics and life history linked? Functional Ecology 6:5-14. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
26. Friedman, W. A., T. Garland, Jr., and M. R. Dohm. 1992. Individual variation in locomotor behavior and maximal oxygen consumption in mice. Physiology & Behavior 52:97-104. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
27. Garland, T., Jr., P. H. Harvey, and A. R. Ives. 1992. Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Systematic Biology 41:18-32. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
28. Garland, T., Jr. 1992. Rate tests for phenotypic evolution using phylogenetically independent contrasts. American Naturalist 140:509-519. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
29. Garland, T., Jr. 1993. Locomotor performance and activity metabolism of Cnemidophorus tigris in relation to natural behaviors. Pages 163-210 in Biology of Whiptail Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus), J. W. Wright and L. J. Vitt, eds. Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
30. Garland, T., Jr., and C. M. Janis. 1993. Does metatarsal/femur ratio predict maximal running speed in cursorial mammals? Journal of Zoology, London 229:133-151. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
31. Brodie, E. D., III, and T. Garland, Jr. 1993. Quantitative genetics of snake populations. Pages 315-362 in Snakes: Ecology and Behavior. R. A. Seigel and J. T. Collins, eds. McGraw Hill, New York. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
32. Garland, T., Jr., A. W. Dickerman, C. M. Janis, and J. A. Jones. 1993. Phylogenetic analysis of covariance by computer simulation. Systematic Biology 42:265-292. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
33. Dohm, M. R., and T. Garland, Jr. 1993. Quantitative genetics of scale counts in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis. Copeia 1993:987-1002. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
34. Purvis, A., and T. Garland, Jr. 1993. Polytomies in comparative analyses of continuous characters. Systematic Biology 42:569-575. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
35. Garland, T., Jr., and P. A. Carter. 1994. Evolutionary physiology. Annual Review of Physiology 56:579-621. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
36. Garland, T., Jr. 1994a. Phylogenetic analyses of lizard endurance capacity in relation to body size and body temperature. Pages 237-259 (+ references) in Lizard Ecology: Historical and Experimental Perspectives, L. J. Vitt and E. R. Pianka, eds. Princeton University Press, Princeton. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
37. Garland, T., Jr. 1994b. Quantitative genetics of locomotor behavior and physiology in a garter snake. Pages 251-277 (+ references) in Quantitative Genetic Studies of Behavioral Evolution, C. R. B. Boake, ed. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
38. Garland, T., Jr., and J. B. Losos. 1994. Ecological morphology of locomotor performance in squamate reptiles. Pages 240-302 in Ecological Morphology: Integrative Organismal Biology, P. C. Wainwright and S. M. Reilly, eds. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
39. Garland, T., Jr., and S. C. Adolph. 1994. Why not to do two-species comparative studies: limitations on inferring adaptation. Physiological Zoology 67:797-828. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
40. Richardson, C. S., M. R. Dohm, and T. Garland, Jr. 1994. Metabolism and thermoregulation in crosses between wild and random-bred laboratory house mice (Mus domesticus). Physiological Zoology 67:944-975. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
41. Dohm, M. R., C. S. Richardson, and T. Garland, Jr. 1994. Exercise physiology of wild and random-bred laboratory house mice and their reciprocal hybrids. American Journal of Physiology 267 (Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiol. 36):R1098-R1108. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
42. Garland, T., Jr., T. T. Gleeson, B. A. Aronovitz, C. S. Richardson, and M. R. Dohm. 1995. Maximal sprint speeds and muscle fiber composition of wild and laboratory house mice. Physiology & Behavior 58:869-876. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
43. Sorci, G., J. G. Swallow, T. Garland, Jr., and J. Clobert. 1995. Quantitative genetics of locomotor speed and endurance in the lizard Lacerta vivipara. Physiological Zoology 68:698-720. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
44. Beck, D. D., M. R. Dohm, T. Garland, Jr., A. Ramirez-Bautista, and C. H. Lowe. 1995. Locomotor performance and activity energetics of helodermatid lizards. Copeia 1995:586-607. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
45. Hayes, J. P., and T. Garland, Jr. 1995. The evolution of endothermy: testing the aerobic capacity model. Evolution 49:836-847. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
46. Bauwens, D., T. Garland, Jr., A. M. Castilla, and R. Van Damme. 1995. Evolution of sprint speed in lacertid lizards: morphological, physiological, and behavioral covariation. Evolution 49:848-863. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
47. Díaz-Uriarte, R., and T. Garland, Jr. 1996. Testing hypotheses of correlated evolution using phylogenetically independent contrasts: sensitivity to deviations from Brownian motion. Systematic Biology 45:27-47. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
48. Christian, A., and T. Garland, Jr. 1996. Scaling of limb proportions in monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae). Journal of Herpetology 30:219-230. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] Richard E. MacMillen holding a Varanus gouldi (?) in Australia Varanus niloticus at the Henry Vilas Zoo Herpetarium
49. Dohm, M. R., J. P. Hayes, and T. Garland, Jr. 1996. Quantitative genetics of sprint running speed and swimming endurance in laboratory house mice (Mus domesticus). Evolution 50:1688-1701. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
50. Garland, T., Jr., K. L. M. Martin, and R. Díaz-Uriarte. 1997. Reconstructing ancestral trait values using squared-change parsimony: plasma osmolarity at the origin of amniotes. Pages 425-501 in Amniote Origins: Completing the Transition to Land, S. S. Sumida and K. L. M. Martin, eds. Academic Press, San Diego. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
51. Clobert, J., T. Garland, Jr., and R. Barbault. 1998. The evolution of demographic tactics in lizards: a test of some hypotheses concerning life history evolution. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 11:329-364. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
52. Garland, T., Jr. 1998. Testing the predictions of symmorphosis: conceptual and methodological issues. Pages 40-47 in Principles of Animal Design: The Optimization and Symmorphosis Debate, E. R. Weibel, L. Bolis, and C. R. Taylor, eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
53. Swallow, J. G., T. Garland, Jr., P. A. Carter, W.-Z. Zhan, and G. C. Sieck. 1998. Effects of voluntary activity and genetic selection on aerobic capacity in house mice (Mus domesticus). Journal of Applied Physiology 84:69-76. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
54. Coleman, M. A., T. Garland, Jr., C. A. Marler, S. S. Newton, J. G. Swallow, and P. A. Carter. 1998. Glucocorticoid response to forced exercise in laboratory house mice (Mus domesticus). Physiology & Behavior 63:279-285. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
55. Dohm, M. R., T. Garland, Jr., C. J. Cole, and C. R. Townsend. 1998. Physiological variation and allometry in western whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus tigris) from a transect across a persistent hybrid zone. Copeia 1998:1-13. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
56. Wolf, C. M., T. Garland, Jr., and B. Griffith. 1998. Predictors of avian and mammalian translocation success: reanalysis with phylogenetically independent contrasts. Biological Conservation 86:243-255. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
57. Swallow, J. G., P. A. Carter, and T. Garland, Jr. 1998. Artificial selection for increased wheel-running behavior in house mice. Behavior Genetics 28:227-237. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
58. Krugner-Higby, L., A. Gendron, T. Garland, Jr., P. A. Carter, J. G. Swallow, and J. J. Lee. 1998. Eosinophylic polymyositis in a mouse. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 37:94-97. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
59. Díaz-Uriarte, R., and T. Garland, Jr. 1998. Effects of branch length errors on the performance of phylogenetically independent contrasts. Systematic Biology 47:654-672. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
60. Garland, T., Jr, P. E. Midford, and A. R. Ives. 1999. An introduction to phylogenetically based statistical methods, with a new method for confidence intervals on ancestral values. American Zoologist 39:374-388. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
61. Bonine, K. E., and T. Garland, Jr. 1999. Sprint performance of phrynosomatid lizards, measured on a high-speed treadmill, correlates with hindlimb length. Journal of Zoology, London 248:255-265. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
62. Koteja, P., J. G. Swallow, P. A. Carter, and T. Garland, Jr. 1999. Energy cost of wheel running in house mice: implications for coadaptation of locomotion and energy budgets. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 72:238-249. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
63. Garland, T., Jr., and R. Díaz-Uriarte. 1999. Polytomies and phylogenetically independent contrasts: an examination of the bounded degrees of freedom approach. Systematic Biology 48:547-558. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
64. Carter, P. A., T. Garland, Jr., M. R. Dohm, and J. P. Hayes. 1999. Genetic variation and correlations between genotype and locomotor physiology in outbred laboratory house mice (Mus domesticus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 123:155-162. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
65. Fournier, F., D. W. Thomas, and T. Garland, Jr. 1999. A test of two hypotheses explaining the seasonality of reproduction in temperate mammals. Functional Ecology 13:523-529. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
66. Garland, T., Jr. 1999. Laboratory endurance capacity predicts variation in field locomotor behaviour among lizard species. Animal Behaviour 58:77-83. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
67. Swallow, J. G., P. Koteja, P. A. Carter, T. Garland, Jr. 1999. Artificial selection for increased wheel-running activity in house mice results in decreased body mass at maturity. Journal of Experimental Biology 202:2513-2520. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
68. Koteja, P., T. Garland, Jr., J. K. Sax, J. G. Swallow, and P. A. Carter. 1999. Behaviour of house mice artificially selected for high levels of voluntary wheel running. Animal Behaviour 58:1307-1318. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
69. Zhan, W.-Z., J. G. Swallow, T. Garland, Jr., D. N. Proctor, P. A. Carter, and G. C. Sieck. 1999. Effects of genetic selection and voluntary activity on the medial gastrocnemius muscle in house mice. Journal of Applied Physiology 87:2326-2333. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
70. Rhodes, J. S., P. Koteja, J. G. Swallow, P. A. Carter, and T. Garland, Jr. 2000. Body temperatures of house mice artificially selected for high voluntary wheel-running behavior: repeatability and effect of genetic selection. Journal of Thermal Biology 25:391-400. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
71. Carter, P. A., J. G. Swallow, Sarah J. Davis, and T. Garland, Jr. 2000. Nesting behavior of house mice (Mus domesticus) selected for increased wheel-running activity. Behavior Genetics 30:85-94. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
72. Garland, T., Jr., and A. R. Ives. 2000. Using the past to predict the present: Confidence intervals for regression equations in phylogenetic comparative methods. American Naturalist 155:346-364. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
73. Brashares, J., T. Garland, Jr., and P. Arcese. 2000. Phylogenetic analysis of coadaptation in behavior, diet, and body size in the African antelope. Behavioral Ecology 11:452-463. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
74. Houle-Leroy, P., T. Garland, Jr., J. G. Swallow, and H. Guderley. 2000. Effects of voluntary activity and genetic selection on muscle metabolic capacities in house mice Mus domesticus. Journal of Applied Physiology 89:1608-1616. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
75. Clobert, J., A. Oppliger, G. Sorci, B. Ernande, J. G. Swallow, and T. Garland, Jr. 2000. Trade-offs in phenotypic traits: endurance at birth, growth, survival, predation, and susceptibility to parasitism in a lizard, Lacerta vivipara. Functional Ecology 14:675-684. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
76. Koteja, P., J. G. Swallow, P. A. Carter, and T. Garland, Jr. 2000. Individual variation and repeatability of maximum cold-induced energy assimilation in house mice. Acta Theriologica 45:455-470. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
77. Koteja, P., and T. Garland, Jr. 2001. Response to R. Eikelboom. Animal Behaviour 61:F25-F26. [PDF file] [Eikelboom, R. 2001. Bins, bouts and wheel running speed. Animal Behaviour 61:679-681. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
78. Koteja, P., J. G. Swallow, P. A. Carter, and T. Garland, Jr. 2001. Maximum cold-induced food consumption in mice selected for high locomotor activity: implications for the evolution of endotherm energy budgets. Journal of Experimental Biology 204:1177-1190. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
79. Lapointe, F.-J., and T. Garland, Jr. 2001. A generalized permutation model for the analysis of cross-species data. Journal of Classification 18:109-127. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
80. Kohlsdorf, T., T. Garland, Jr., and C. A. Navas. 2001. Limb and tail lengths in relation to substrate usage in Tropidurus lizards. Journal of Morphology 248:151-164. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
81. Bonine, K. E., T. T. Gleeson, and T. Garland, Jr. 2001. Comparative analysis of fiber-type composition in the iliofibularis muscle of phrynosomatid lizards (Sauria). Journal of Morphology 250:265-280. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
82. Cruz-Neto, A. P., T. Garland, Jr., and A. S. Abe. 2001. Diet, phylogeny, and basal metabolic rate in phyllostomid bats. Zoology 104:49-58. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
83. Swallow, J. G., P. Koteja, P. A. Carter, and T. Garland, Jr. 2001. Food consumption and body composition in mice selected for high wheel-running activity. Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 171:651–659. [Drive PDF file]
84. Dumke, C. L., J. S. Rhodes, T. Garland, Jr., E. Maslowski, J. G. Swallow, A.C. Wetter, and G. D. Cartee. 2001. Genetic selection of mice for high voluntary wheel-running: effect on skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Journal of Applied Physiology 91:1289-1297. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
85. Bronikowski, A. M., P. A. Carter, J. G. Swallow, I. A. Girard, J. S. Rhodes, and T. Garland, Jr. 2001. Open-field behavior of house mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. Behavior Genetics 31:309-316. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
86. Rhodes, J. S., G. R. Hosack, I. Girard, A. E. Kelley, G. S. Mitchell, and T. Garland, Jr. 2001. Differential sensitivity to acute administration of cocaine, GBR 12909, and fluoxetine in mice selectively bred for hyperactive wheel-running behavior. Psychopharmacology 158:120-131. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
87. Girard, I., M. W. McAleer, J. S. Rhodes, and T. Garland, Jr. 2001. Selection for high voluntary wheel running increases intermittency in house mice (Mus domesticus). Journal of Experimental Biology 204:4311-4320. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] Movie See also "In this issue" pages i-ii.
88. Dohm, M. R., J. P. Hayes, and T. Garland, Jr. 2001. The quantitative genetics of maximal and basal rates of oxygen consumption in mice. Genetics 159:267-277. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
89. Irschick, D. J., and T. Garland, Jr. 2001. Integrating function and ecology in studies of adaptation: investigations of locomotor capacity as a model system. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32:367-396. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
90. Garland, T., Jr. 2001. Phylogenetic comparison and artificial selection: two approaches in evolutionary physiology. Pages 107-132 in R. C. Roach, P. D. Wagner, and P. H. Hackett, eds. Hypoxia: From Genes to the Bedside. Advances in Experimental Biology and Medicine, volume 502. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
91. Perry, G., and T. Garland, Jr. 2002. Lizard home ranges revisited: effects of sex, body size, diet, habitat, and phylogeny. Ecology 83:1870-1885. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] Supplemental material at http://www.esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E083/032/
92. Thomson, S. L., T. Garland, Jr., J. G. Swallow, and P. A. Carter. 2002. Response of Sod-2 enzyme activity to selection for high voluntary wheel running. Heredity 88:52-61. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
93. Girard, I., and T. Garland, Jr. 2002. Plasma corticosterone response to acute and chronic voluntary exercise in female house mice. Journal of Applied Physiology 92:1553-1561. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
94. Girard, I., J. G. Swallow, P. A. Carter, P. Koteja, J. S. Rhodes, and T. Garland, Jr. 2002. Maternal-care behavior and life-history traits in house mice (Mus domesticus) artificially selected for high voluntary wheel-running activity. Behavioural Processes 57:37-50. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
95. Garland, T., Jr. 2003. Selection experiments: an under-utilized tool in biomechanics and organismal biology. Pages 23-56 in V. L. Bels, J.-P. Gasc, and A. Casinos, eds. Vertebrate Biomechanics and Evolution. BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, U.K. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
96. Garland, T., Jr., M. T. Morgan, J. G. Swallow, J. S. Rhodes, I. Girard, J. G. Belter, and P. A. Carter. 2002. Evolution of a small-muscle polymorphism in lines of house mice selected for high activity levels. Evolution 56:1267-1275. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
97. Klomberg, K. L., T. Garland, Jr., J. G. Swallow, and P. A. Carter. 2002. Dominance, plasma testosterone levels, and testis size in mice artificially selected for high activity levels. Physiology & Behavior 77:27-38. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
98. Bronikowski, A. M., T. J. Morgan, T. Garland Jr., and P. A. Carter. 2002. Antioxidant gene expression in active and sedentary house house mice (Mus domesticus) selected for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. Genetics 161:1763-1769. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
99. Hutcheon, J. M., J. A. W. Kirsch, and T. Garland, Jr. 2002. A comparative analysis of brain size in relation to foraging ecology and phylogeny in the Chiroptera. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 60:165-180. Abstract [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
100. Blomberg, S. P., and T. Garland, Jr. 2002. Tempo and mode in evolution: phylogenetic inertia, adaptation and comparative methods. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 15:899-910. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
101. Abbott, D. H., E. B. Keverne, F. B. Bercovitch, C. A Shively, S. P. Mendoza, W. Saltzman, C. T. Snowdon, T. E. Ziegler, M. Banjevic, T. Garland, Jr., and R. M. Sapolsky. 2003. Are subordinates always stressed? A comparative analysis of rank differences in cortisol levels among primates. Hormones and Behavior 43:67–82. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
102. Houle-Leroy, P., T. Garland, Jr., J. G. Swallow, and H. Guderley. 2003. Artificial selection for high activity favors mighty mini-muscles in house mice. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrative Comparative Physiology 284:R433-R443. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
103. Morgan, T. J., T. Garland, Jr., and P. A. Carter. 2003. Ontogenies in mice selected for high voluntary wheel-running activity. I. Mean ontogenies. Evolution 57:646-657. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
104. Bronikowski, A. M., P. A. Carter, T. J. Morgan, T. Garland, Jr., N. Ung, T. D. Pugh, R. Weindruch, and T. A. Prolla. 2003. Lifelong voluntary exercise in the mouse prevents age-related alterations in gene expression in the heart. Physiological Genomics 12:129-138. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] [Welle, S., and S. B. Glueck. 2003. In for the long run: Focus on "Lifelong voluntary exercise in the mouse prevents age-related alterations in gene expression in the heart." Physiological Genomics 12:71-72.]
105. Blomberg, S. P., T. Garland, Jr., and A. R. Ives. 2003. Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: behavioral traits are more labile. Evolution 57:717-745. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
106. Rhodes, J. S., and T. Garland, Jr. 2003. Differential sensitivity to acute administration of Ritalin, apomorphine, SCH 23390, and raclopride in mice selectively bred for hyperactive wheel-running behavior. Psychopharmacology 167:242-250. PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
107. Morgan, T. J., T. Garland, Jr., B. L. Irwin, J. G. Swallow, and P. A. Carter. 2003. The mode of evolution of molecular markers in populations of house mice under artificial selection for locomotor behavior. Journal of Heredity 94:236-242. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
108. Perry, G., K. LeVering, I. Girard, and T. Garland, Jr. 2004. Locomotor performance and social dominance in male Anolis cristatellus. Animal Behaviour 67:37-47. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
109. Rhodes, J. S., H. van Praag, S. Jeffrey, I. Girard, G. S. Mitchell, T. Garland, Jr., and F. H. Gage. 2003. Exercise increases hippocampal neurogenesis to high levels but does not improve spatial learning in mice bred for increased voluntary wheel running. Behavioral Neuroscience 117:1006-1016. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
110. Johnston, I. A., D. A. Fernandez, J. Calvo, V. L. A. Vieira, A. W. North, M. Abercomby, and T. Garland, Jr. 2003. Reduction in muscle fibre number during the adaptive radiation of notothenioid fishes: a phylogenetic perspective. Journal of Experimental Biology 206:2595-2609. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
111. Johnson, R. A., J. S. Rhodes, S. L. Jeffrey, T. Garland, Jr., and G. S. Mitchell. 2003. Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor but not neurotrophin-3 increases more in mice selected for increased voluntary wheel running. Neuroscience 121:1-7. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
112. Zelditch, M. L., B. L. Lundrigan, H. D. Sheets, and T. Garland, Jr. 2003. Do precocial mammals develop at a faster rate? A comparison of rates of skull development in Sigmodon fulviventer and Mus musculus domesticus. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16:708-720. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
113. Hochstetler, K. J., T. Garland, Jr., J. G. Swallow, P. A. Carter, and A. Bult-Ito. 2004. Number of arginine-vasopressin neurons in the suprachiasmatic nuclei is not related to level or circadian characteristics of wheel-running activity in house mice. Behavior Genetics 34:131-136. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
114. Gammie, S. C., N. S. Hasen, J. S. Rhodes, I. Girard, and T. Garland, Jr. 2003. Predatory aggression, but not maternal or intermale aggression, is associated with high voluntary wheel-running behavior in mice. Hormones and Behavior 44:209-221. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
115. Rezende, E. L., and T. Garland, Jr. 2003. Comparaciones interespecíficas y métodos estadísticos filogenéticos. Pages 79-98 in F. Bozinovic, ed. Fisiología Ecológica & Evolutiva. Teoría y casos de estudio en animales. Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago. ISBN 956-14-0697-7 [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
116. Rhodes, J. S., T. Garland, Jr., and S. C. Gammie. 2003. Patterns of brain activity associated with variation in voluntary wheel-running behavior. Behavioral Neuroscience 117:1243-1256. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
117. Koteja, P., J. G. Swallow, P. A. Carter, and T. Garland, Jr. 2003. Different effects of intensity and duration of locomotor activity on circadian period. Journal of Biological Rhythms 18:491-501. [Abstract] [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
118. Koteja, P., P. A. Carter, J. G. Swallow, and T. Garland, Jr. 2003. Food wasting in house mice: variation among individuals, families, and genetic lines. Physiology & Behavior 80:375-383. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
119. Anthony, N. M., R. Bautz, E. Spencer, and T. Garland, Jr. 2003. Small mammal community composition in native dry and wet prairies of southern Wisconsin. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 98:1-26. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
120. Rezende, E. L., F. Bozinovic, and T. Garland, Jr. 2004. Climatic adaptation and the evolution of basal and maximum rates of metabolism in rodents. Evolution 58:1361-1474. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
121. Belter, J. G., H. V. Carey, and T. Garland, Jr. 2004. Effects of voluntary exercise and genetic selection for high activity levels on HSP70 expression in house mice. Journal of Applied Physiology 96:1270-1276. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
122. Al-kahtani, M. A., C. Zuleta, E. Caviedes-Vidal, and T. Garland, Jr. 2004. Kidney mass and relative medullary thickness of rodents in relation to habitat, body size, and phylogeny. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 77:346-365. (plus online Appendix B) [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
123. Zelditch, M. L., B. L. Lundrigan, and T. Garland, Jr. 2004. Developmental regulation of skull morphology I: Ontogenetic dynamics of variance. Evolution & Development 6:194-206. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
124. Bronikowski, A. M., J. S. Rhodes, T. Garland, Jr., T. A. Prolla, T. Awad, and S. C. Gammie. 2004. The evolution of gene expression in the hippocampus in response to selective breeding for increased locomotor activity. Evolution 58:2079-2086. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
125. Chappell, M. A., T. Garland, Jr., E. L. Rezende, and F. R. Gomes. 2004. Voluntary running in deer mice: speed, distance, energy costs and temperature effects. Journal of Experimental Biology 207:3839-3854. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
126. Hutcheon, J. M., and T. Garland, Jr. 2004. Are megabats big? Journal of Mammalian Evolution 11:257-276. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
127. Li, G., J. S. Rhodes, I. Girard, S. C. Gammie, and T. Garland, Jr. 2004. Opioid-mediated pain sensitivity in mice bred for high voluntary wheel running. Physiology & Behavior 83:515-524. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
128. Anthony, N. M., C. R. Ribic, R. Bautz, and T. Garland, Jr. 2005. Comparative effectiveness of Longworth and Sherman live traps. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33:1018-1026. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
129. Morgan, T. J., M. A. Evans, T. Garland, Jr., J. G. Swallow, and P. A. Carter. 2005. Molecular and quantitative genetic divergence among populations of house mice with known evolutionary histories. Heredity 94:518-525. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
130. Swallow, J. G., and T. Garland, Jr. 2005. Selection experiments as a tool in evolutionary and comparative physiology: insights into complex traits - An introduction to the symposium. Integrative and Comparative Biology 45:387-390. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
131. Swallow, J. G., J. S. Rhodes, and T. Garland, Jr. 2005. Phenotypic and evolutionary plasticity of organ masses in response to voluntary exercise in house mice. Integrative and Comparative Biology 45:426-437. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
132. Rhodes, J. S., S. C. Gammie, and T. Garland, Jr. 2005. Neurobiology of mice selected for high voluntary wheel-running activity. Integrative and Comparative Biology 45:438-455. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
133. Rezende, E. L., M. A. Chappell, F. R. Gomes, J. L. Malisch, and T. Garland, Jr. 2005. Maximal metabolic rates during voluntary exercise, forced exercise, and cold exposure in house mice selectively bred for high wheel-running. Journal of Experimental Biology 208:2447-2458. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
134. Zelditch, M. L., J. Mezey, H. D. Sheets, B. L. Lundrigan, and T. Garland, Jr. 2006. Developmental regulation of skull morphology II: ontogenetic dynamics of covariance. Evolution & Development 8:46-60. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
135. Syme, D. A., K. Evashuk, B. Grintuch, E. L. Rezende, and T. Garland, Jr. 2005. Contractile abilities of normal and “mini” triceps surae muscles from mice (Mus domesticus) selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. Journal of Applied Physiology 99:1308-1316. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
136. Garland, T., Jr., and P. A. Freeman. 2005. Selective breeding for high endurance running increases hindlimb symmetry. Evolution 59:1851-1854. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
137. Rezende, E. L., S. A. Kelly, F. R. Gomes, M. A. Chappell, and T. Garland, Jr. 2006. Effects of size, sex, and voluntary running speeds on costs of locomotion in lines of laboratory mice selectively bred for high wheel-running activity. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 79:83-99. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
138. Garland, T., Jr., A. F. Bennett, and E. L. Rezende. 2005. Phylogenetic approaches in comparative physiology. Journal of Experimental Biology 208:3015-3035. [Drive PDF file]
139. Rezende, E. L., T. Garland, Jr., M. A. Chappell, J. L. Malisch, and F. R. Gomes. 2006. Maximum aerobic performance in lines of Mus selected for high wheel-running activity: effects of selection, oxygen availability, and the mini-muscle phenotype. Journal of Experimental Biology 209:115-127. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
140. Bonine, K. E., T. T. Gleeson, and T. Garland, Jr. 2005. Muscle fibre-type variation in lizards (Squamata) and phylogenetic reconstruction of hypothesized ancestral states. Journal of Experimental Biology 208:4529-4547. [Drive PDF file]
141. Kelly, S. A., P. P. Czech, J. T. Wight, K. M. Blank, and T. Garland, Jr. 2006. Experimental evolution and phenotypic plasticity of hindlimb bones in high-activity house mice. Journal of Morphology 267:360-374. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
142. Rhodes, J. S., M. M. Ford, C.-H. Yu, L. Brown, D. A. Finn, T. Garland, Jr., and J. C. Crabbe. 2007. Mouse inbred strain differences in ethanol drinking to intoxication. Genes, Brain and Behavior 6:1-18. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
143. Guderley, H., P. Houle-Leroy, G. M. Diffee, D. M. Camp, and T. Garland, Jr. 2006. Morphometry, ultrastructure, myosin isoforms, and metabolic capacities of the "mighty mini muscles" favoured by selection for high activity in house mice. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biol. 144:271-282. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
144. Gammie, S. C., T. Garland, Jr., and S. A. Stevenson. 2006. Artificial selection for increased maternal defense behavior in mice. Behavior Genetics 36:713-722. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
145. Rezende, E. L., F. R. Gomes, J. L. Malisch, M. A. Chappell, and T. Garland, Jr. 2006. Maximal oxygen consumption in relation to subordinate traits in lines of house mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. Journal of Applied Physiology 101:477-485. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
146. Zhang, Y., T.-S. Lee, E. M. Kolb, K. Sun, X. Lu, F. M. Sladek, G. S. Kassab, T. Garland, Jr., and J. Y.-J. Shyy. 2006. AMP-activated protein kinase is involved in endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activation in response to shear stress. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 26:1281-1287. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] Faculty of 1000 Selection!
147. Bronikowski, A. M., T. Morgan, T. Garland, Jr., and P.A. Carter. 2006. The evolution of aging and age-related physical decline in mice selectively bred for high voluntary exercise. Evolution 60:1494-1508. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
148. Garland, T., Jr., and S. A. Kelly. 2006. Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution. Journal of Experimental Biology 209:2344-2361. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
149. Huey, R. B., B. Moreteau, J.-C. Moreteau, P. Gibert, G. W. Gilchrist, A. R. Ives, T. Garland, Jr., and J. R. David. 2006. Evolution of sexual size dimorphism in a Drosophila clade, the D. obscura group. Zoology 109:318-330. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
150. Krugner-Higby, L., I. Girard, J. Welter, A. Gendron, J. S. Rhodes, and T. Garland Jr. 2006. Clostridial enteropathy in lactating outbred swiss-derived (ICR) mice. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 45:80-87. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
151. Vaanholt, L. M., T. Garland Jr., S. Daan, and G. H. Visser. 2007. Wheel-running activity and energy metabolism in relation to ambient temperature in mice selected for high wheel-running activity. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 177:109-118. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
152. Malisch, J. L., W. Saltzman, F. R. Gomes, E. L. Rezende, D. R. Jeske, and T. Garland, Jr. 2007. Baseline and stress-induced plasma corticosterone concentrations of mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 80:146-156. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
153. Ives, A. R., P. E. Midford, and T. Garland, Jr. 2007. Within-species variation and measurement error in phylogenetic comparative methods. Systematic Biology 56:252-270. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
154. Belke, T. W., and T. Garland, Jr. 2007. A brief opportunity to run does not function as a reinforcer for mice selected for high daily wheel-running rates. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 88:199-213. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
155. Vaanholt, L. M., P. Meerlo, T. Garland, Jr., G. H. Visser, and G. van Dijk. 2007. Plasma adiponectin is increased in mice selectively bred for high wheel-running activity, but not by wheel running per sé. Hormone and Metabolic Research 39:377-383. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
156. Vaanholt, L. M., B. De Jong, T. Garland, Jr., S. Daan, and G. H. Visser. 2007. Behavioural and physiological responses to increased foraging effort in male mice. Journal of Experimental Biology 210:2013-2024. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
157. Oufiero, C. E., and T. Garland, Jr. 2007. Evaluating performance costs of sexually selected traits. Functional Ecology 21:676-689. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
158. Ornelas, J. F., M. Ordano, A. de Nova, M. E. Quintero, and T. Garland, Jr. 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of interspecific variation in nectar of hummingbird-visited plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20:1904-1917. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
159. Spoor, F., T. Garland, Jr., G. Krovitz, T. M. Ryan, M. T. Silcox, and A. Walker. 2007. The primate semicircular canal system and locomotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A. 104:10808-10812. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
160. Girard, I., E. L. Rezende, and T. Garland, Jr. 2007. Leptin levels and body composition of mice selectively bred for high voluntary activity. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 80:568-579. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
161. Chappell, M. A., T. Garland, Jr., G. F. Robertson, and W. Saltzman. 2007. Relationships among running performance, aerobic physiology, and organ mass in male Mongolian gerbils. Journal of Experimental Biology 210:4179-4197. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
162. Middleton, K. M., C. E. Shubin, D. C. Moore, P. A. Carter, T. Garland, Jr., and S. M. Swartz. 2008. The relative importance of genetics and phenotypic plasticity in dictating bone morphology and mechanics in aged mice: evidence from an artificial selection experiment. Zoology 111:135-147. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
163. Vaanholt, L. M., J. R. Speakman, T. Garland Jr., G. E. Lobley, and G. H. Visser. 2008. Protein synthesis and antioxidant capacity in aging mice: effects of long-term voluntary exercise. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 81:148-157. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
164. Guderley, H., D. R. Joanisse, S. Mokas, G. M. Bilodeau, and T. Garland, Jr. 2008. Altered fiber types in gastrocnemius muscle of high wheel-running selected mice with mini muscle phenotypes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B 149:490-500. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
165. Kane, S. L., T. Garland, Jr., and P. A. Carter. 2008. Basal metabolic rate of aged mice is affected by random genetic drift but not by selective breeding for high early-age locomotor activity or chronic wheel access. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 81:288-300. PDF_file] [Drive PDF file]
166. Hannon, R. M., S. A. Kelly, K. M. Middleton, E. M. Kolb, D. Pomp, and T. Garland, Jr. 2008. Phenotypic effects of the “mini-muscle” allele in a large HR x C57BL/6J mouse backcross. Journal of Heredity 99:349-354. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
167. Malisch, J. L., C. W. Breuner, F. R Gomes, M. A. Chappell, and T. Garland, Jr. 2008. Circadian pattern of total and free corticosterone concentrations, corticosteroid-binding globulin, and physical activity in mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. General and Comparative Endocrinology 156:210-217. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
168. Lavin, S. R., W. H. Karasov, A. R. Ives, K. M. Middleton, and T. Garland, Jr. 2008. Morphometrics of the avian small intestine, compared with non-flying mammals: a phylogenetic approach. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 81:526-550. [Drive PDF file]
169. Hartmann, J., T. Garland, Jr., R. M. Hannon, S. A. Kelly, G. Muñoz, and D. Pomp. 2008. Fine mapping of "Mini-Muscle", a recessive mutation causing reduced hind-limb muscle mass in mice. Journal of Heredity 99:679-687. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
170. Buchwalter, D. B., D. J. Cain, C. A. Martin, L. Xie, S. N. Luoma, and T. Garland, Jr. 2008. Aquatic insect ecophysiological traits reveal phylogenetically based differences in dissolved cadmium susceptibility. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A. 105:8321-8326. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
171. Middleton, K. M., S. A. Kelly, and T. Garland, Jr. 2008. Selective breeding as a tool to probe skeletal response to high voluntary locomotor activity in mice. Integrative and Comparative Biology 48:394-410. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
172. Vaanholt, L. M., I. Jonas, M. Doornbos, K. A. Schubert, C. Nyakas, T. Garland, Jr., G. H. Visser, and Gertjan van Dijk. 2008. Metabolic and behavioral responses to high-fat feeding in mice selectively bred for high wheel-running activity. International Journal of Obesity 32:1566-1575. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
173. Yan, R. H., J. L. Malisch, R. M. Hannon, P. L. Hurd, and T. Garland, Jr. 2008. Selective breeding for a behavioral trait changes digit ratio. PLoS ONE 3(9):e3216. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003216. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
174. Swanson, D. L., and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. The evolution of high summit metabolism and cold tolerance in birds and its impact on present-day distributions. Evolution 63:184-194. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
175. Keeney, B. K., D. A. Raichlen, T. H. Meek, R. S. Wijeratne, K. M. Middleton, G. L. Gerdeman, and T. Garland, Jr. 2008. Differential response to a selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist (SR141716: rimonabant) in female mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. Behavioural Pharmacology 19:812-820. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
176. Malisch, J. L., S. A. Kelly, A. Bhanvadia, K. M. Blank, R. L. Marsik, E. G. Platzer, and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Lines of mice with chronically elevated baseline corticosterone are more susceptible to a parasitic nematode infection. Zoology 112:316-324. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
177. Gomes, F. R., E. L. Rezende, J. L. Malisch, S. K. Lee, D. A. Rivas, S. A. Kelly, C. Lytle, B. B. Yaspelkis III, and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Glycogen storage and muscle glucose transporters (GLUT-4) of mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. Journal of Experimental Biology 212:238-248. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
178. Malisch, J. L., C. W. Breuner, E. M. Kolb, H. Wada, R. M. Hannon, M. A. Chappell, K. M. Middleton, and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Behavioral despair and home-cage activity in mice with chronically elevated baseline corticosterone concentrations. Behavior Genetics 39:192-201. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
179. Bilodeau, G. M., H. Guderley, D. R. Joanisse, and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Reduction of type IIb myosin and IIB fibers in tibialis anterior muscle of mini-muscle mice from high-activity lines. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology 311A:189-198. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
180. McGillivray, D. G., T. Garland, Jr., E. M. Dlugosz, M. A. Chappell, and D. A. Syme. 2009. Changes in efficiency and myosin expression in the small-muscle phenotype of mice selectively bred for high voluntary running activity. Journal of Experimental Biology 212:977-985. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
181. Young, N. M., B. Hallgrímsson, and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Epigenetic effects on integration of limb lengths in a mouse model: selective breeding for high voluntary locomotor activity. Evolutionary Biology 36:88-99. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
182. Huey, R. B., C. A. Deutsch, J. J. Tewksbury, L. J. Vitt, P. E. Hertz, H. J. Álvarez Pérez, and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Why tropical forest lizards are vulnerable to climate warming. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276:1939-1948. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
183. Nehrenberg, D. L., K. Hua, D. Estrada-Smith, T. Garland, Jr., and D. Pomp. 2009. Voluntary exercise and its effects on body composition depend on genetic selection history. Obesity 17:1402-1409. [PDF file][Drive PDF file]
184. Wong, L. E., T. Garland, Jr., S. Rowan, and R. T. Hepple. 2009. Anatomic capillarization is elevated in the medial gastrocnemius muscle of mighty mini mice. Journal of Applied Physiology 106:1660-1667. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
185. Eisenmann, J. C., E. E. Wickel, S. A. Kelly, K. M. Middleton, and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Day-to-day variability in voluntary wheel running among genetically differentiated lines of mice that vary in activity level. European Journal of Applied Physiology 106:613-619. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
186. Oufiero, C. E., and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Repeatability and correlation of swimming performances and morphology over varying time scales in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Functional Ecology 23:969-978. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
187. Zheng, L., A. R. Ives, T. Garland, Jr., B. R. Larget, and K. Cao. 2009. New multivariate tests for phylogenetic signal and trait correlations applied to ecophysiological phenotypes of nine Manglietia species. Functional Ecology 23:1059-1069. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
188. Dlugosz, E. M., M. A. Chappell, D. G. McGillivray, D. A. Syme, and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Locomotor trade-offs in mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. Journal of Experimental Biology 212:2612-2618. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
189. Meek, T. H., B. P. Lonquich, R. M. Hannon, and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Endurance capacity of mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. Journal of Experimental Biology 212: 2908-2917. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
190. Rose, M. R., and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Darwin’s other mistake. Pages 3-13 in Experimental Evolution: Concepts, Methods, and Applications of Selection Experiments. T. Garland, Jr. and M. R. Rose, eds. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. [Drive PDF file]
191. Swallow, J. G., J. P. Hayes, P. Koteja, and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Selection experiments and experimental evolution of performance and physiology. Pages 301-351 in Experimental Evolution: Concepts, Methods, and Applications of Selection Experiments, T. Garland, Jr., and M. R. Rose, eds. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
192. Rezende, E. L., F. R. Gomes, M. A. Chappell, and T. Garland, Jr. 2009. Running behaviour and its energy cost in mice selectively bred for high voluntary locomotor activity. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 82:662-679. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
193. Nehrenberg, D. L., S. Wang, R. M. Hannon, T. Garland, Jr., and D. Pomp. 2010. QTL underlying voluntary exercise in mice: interactions with the “mini muscle” locus and sex. Journal of Heredity 101:42-53. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
194. Gartner, G. E. A., J. W. Hicks, P. R. Manzani, D. V. Andrade, A. S. Abe, T. Wang, S. M. Secor, and T. Garland, Jr. 2010. Phylogeny, ecology, and heart position in snakes. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 83:43-54. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
195. Feder, M. E., T. Garland, Jr., J. H. Marden, and A. J. Zera. 2010. Locomotion in response to shifting climate zones: not so fast. Annual Review of Physiology 72:167-190. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] (includes review of rodent selection experiments)
196. Vaanholt, L. M., S. Daan,T. Garland, Jr., and G. H. Visser. 2010. Exercising for life? Energy metabolism, body composition, and longevity in mice exercising at different intensities. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 83:239-251. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
197. Grizante, M. B., C. A. Navas, T. Garland, Jr., and T. Kohlsdorf. 2010. Morphological evolution in Tropidurinae squamates: an integrated view along a continuum of ecological settings. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23:98-111. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
198. Kolb, E. M., S. A. Kelly, K. M. Middleton, L. S. Sermsakdi, M. A. Chappell, and T. Garland, Jr. 2010. Erythropoietin elevates VO2,max but not voluntary wheel running in mice. Journal of Experimental Biology 213:510-519. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
199. Ives, A. R., and T. Garland, Jr. 2010. Phylogenetic logistic regression for binary dependent variables. Systematic Biology 59:9-26. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
200. Middleton, K. M., T. Garland, Jr., B. D. Goldstein, P. R. Guduru, S. A. Kelly, and S. M. Swartz. 2010. Variation in within-bone stiffness measured by nanoindentation in mice bred for high levels of voluntary wheel running. Journal of Anatomy 216:121-131. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
201. Kelly, S. A., D. L. Nehrenberg, K. Hua, R. R. Gordon, T. Garland, Jr., and D. Pomp. 2010. Parent-of-origin effects on voluntary exercise levels and body composition in mice. Physiological Genomics 40:111-120. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
202. Meek, T. H., J. C. Eisenmann, and T. Garland, Jr. 2010. Western diet increases wheel running in mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. International Journal of Obesity 34:960-969. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
203. Jonas, I., M. Doornbos, L. Vaanholt, T. Garland, Jr, A. J. W. Scheurink, C. Nyakas, and G. van Dijk. 2010. Effects of selective breeding for increased wheel running behavior on circadian timing of substrate oxidation and ingestive behavior. Physiology & Behavior 99:549-554. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
204. Wallace, I. J., K. M. Middleton, S. Lublinsky, S. A. Kelly, S. Judex, T. Garland, Jr., and B. Demes. 2010. Functional significance of genetic variation underlying limb bone diaphyseal structure. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 143:21-30. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
205. Mathes, W. F., D. L. Nehrenberg, R. Gordon, K. Hua, T. Garland, Jr., and D. Pomp. 2010. Dopaminergic dysregulation in mice selectively bred for excessive exercise or obesity. Behavioural Brain Research 210:155-163. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
206. Jonas, I., K. A. Schubert, A. C. Reijne, J. Scholte, T. Garland, Jr., M. P. Gerkema, A. J. W. Scheurink, C. Nyakas, and G. van Dijk. 2010. Behavioral traits are affected by selective breeding for increased wheel-running behavior in mice. Behavior Genetics 40:542-550. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
207. Kelly, S. A., D. L. Nehrenberg, J. L. Peirce, K. Hua, B. M. Steffy, T. Wiltshire, F. Pardo Manuel de Villena, T. Garland, Jr., and D. Pomp. 2010. Genetic architecture of voluntary exercise in an advanced intercross line of mice. Physiological Genomics 42:190-200. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
208. Garland, T., Jr. 2010. Commentary: Repeatability as a necessary but not sufficient criterion for validating measurements of endurance. Journal of Applied Physiology 108:222-223. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
209. Whitney, K. D., and T. Garland, Jr. 2010. Did genetic drift drive increases in genome complexity? PLoS Genetics 6(8):e1001080. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001080 [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
210. Oufiero, C. E., M. R. Walsh, D. N. Reznick, and T. Garland, Jr. 2011. Swimming performance trade-offs across a gradient in community composition in Trinidadian killifish (Rivulus hartii). Ecology 92:170-179. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
211. Garland, T., Jr., S. A. Kelly, J. L. Malisch, E. M. Kolb, R. M. Hannon, B. K. Keeney, S. L. Van Cleave, and K. M. Middleton. 2011. How to run far: Multiple solutions and sex-specific responses to selective breeding for high voluntary activity levels. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 278:574-581. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] UCR Press Release To see a video of Dr. Garland discussing the research, click here.
212. Robertson, H. T., D. L. Smith, N. M. Pajewski, R. H. Weindruch, T. Garland, Jr., G. Argyropoulos, A. Bokov, and D. B. Allison. 2011. Can rodent longevity studies be both short and powerful? The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences, Medical Sciences 66:279-286. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
213. Garland, T., Jr., H. Schutz, M. A. Chappell, B. K. Keeney, T. H. Meek, L. E. Copes, W. Acosta, C. Drenowatz, R. C. Maciel, G. van Dijk, C. M. Kotz, and J. C. Eisenmann. 2011. The biological control of voluntary exercise, spontaneous physical activity, and daily energy expenditure in relation to obesity: human and rodent erspectives. Journal of Experimental Biology 214:206-229. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
214. Hannon, R. M., T. H. Meek, W. Acosta, R. C. Maciel, H. Schutz, and T. Garland, Jr. 2011. Sex-specific heterosis in line crosses of mice selectively bred for high locomotor activity. Behavior Genetics 41:615-624. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
215. Kelly, S. A., D. L. Nehrenberg, K. Hua, T. Garland, Jr., and D. Pomp. 2011. Exercise, weight loss, and changes in body composition in mice: phenotypic relationships and genetic architecture. Physiological Genomics 43:199-212. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
216. Gartner, G. E. A., J. W. Hicks, D. V. Andrade, S. M. Secor, and T. Garland, Jr. 2011. Reply to "Heart Position in Snakes". Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 84:102-106. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
217. Brischoux, F., G. E. A. Gartner, T. Garland, Jr., and X. Bonnet. 2011. Is aquatic life correlated with an increased hematocrit in snakes? PLoS ONE (2):e17077.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017077 [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
218. Pires, M. N., K. E. McBride, R. D. Bassar, J. U. Regus, T. Garland, Jr., and D. N. Reznick. 2011. Why do placentas evolve? A test of the life history facilitation hypothesis in the Northern Clade of the fish genus Poeciliopsis (Poeciliidae: Cyprinodontiformes). Functional Ecology 25:757-768. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
219. Whitney, K. D., B. Boussau, E. J. Baack, and T. Garland, Jr. 2011. Drift and genome complexity revisited. PLoS Genetics 7(6): e1002092. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002092 [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
220. Farber, C. R., S. A. Kelly, E. Baruch, D. Yu, K. Hua, D. L. Nehrenberg, F. Pardo-Manuel de Villena, R. J. Buus, T. Garland, Jr., and D. Pomp. 2011. Identification of quantitative trait loci influencing skeletal architecture in mice: emergence of Cdh11 as a primary candidate gene regulating femoral morphology. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 26:2174-2183. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
221. Oufiero, C. E., S. C. Adolph, G. E. A. Gartner, and T. Garland, Jr. 2011. Latitudinal and climatic variation in body size and dorsal scale rows in Sceloporus lizards: a phylogenetic perspective. Evolution 65:3590-3607. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
222. Audet, G. N., T. H. Meek, T. Garland, Jr., and I. M. Olfert. 2011. Expression of angiogenic regulators and skeletal muscle capillarity in selectively bred high aerobic capacity mice. Experimental Physiology 96.11:1138-1150. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] Commentary Viewpoint by Birot, O. 2011. Genetic background, endurance performance and muscle capillarization: lessons from the “mini mice.” Experimental Physiology 96:1116–1117. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
223. Fusco, G., T. Garland, Jr., G. Hunt, and N. C. Hughes. 2011. Developmental trait evolution in trilobites. Evolution 66:314-329. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
224. Calosi, P., D. T. Bilton, J. I. Spicer, W. C. E. P. Verberk, A. Atfield, and T. Garland, Jr. 2012. The comparative biology of diving in two genera of European Dytiscidae (Coleoptera). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25:329-341. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
225. Wallace, I. J., S. M. Tommasini, S. Judex, T. Garland, Jr., and B. Demes. 2012. Genetic variations and physical activity as determinants of limb bone morphology: an experimental approach using a mouse model. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 148:24-35. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
226. Downs, C. J., H. Schutz, T. H. Meek, E. M. Dlugosz, W. Acosta, K. S. de Wolski, J. L. Malisch, J. P. Hayes, and T. Garland, Jr. 2012. Within life-time trade-offs but evolutionary freedom for hormonal and immunological traits: evidence from mice bred for high voluntary exercise. Journal of Experimental Biology 215:1651-1661. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
227. Meek, T. H., E. M. Dlugosz, K. T. Vu, and T. Garland, Jr. 2012. Effects of leptin treatment and Western diet on wheel running in selectively bred high runner mice. Physiology & Behavior 106:252-258. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
228. Keeney, B. K., T. H. Meek, K. M. Middleton, L. F. Holness, and T. Garland, Jr. 2012. Sex differences in cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) pharmacology in mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 101:528-537. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
229. Kelly, S. A., D. L. Nehrenberg, K. Hua, T. Garland, Jr., and D. Pomp. 2012. Functional genomic architecture of predisposition to voluntary exercise in mice: expression QTL in the brain. Genetics 191:643-654. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
230. Clint, E., E. Sober, T. Garland, Jr., and J. S. Rhodes. 2012. Male superiority in spatial navigation: adaptation or side-effect? Quarterly Review of Biology 87:289-313. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] [Smithsonian blog with video of Justin Rhodes]
231. Oufiero, C. E., K. N. Jugo, P. Tran, and T. Garland, Jr. 2012. As the sword grows: individual variation and ontogenetic effects of a sexually selected trait on locomotor performance in Xiphophorus helleri. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 85:684-693. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
232. Careau, V. C., O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, G. Ordonez, and T. Garland, Jr. 2012. Are voluntary wheel running and open-field behavior correlated in mice? Different answers from comparative and artificial selection approaches. Behavior Genetics 42:830-844. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
233. Templeman, N. M., H. Schutz, T. Garland, Jr., and G. B. McClelland. 2012. Do mice bred selectively for high locomotor activity have a greater reliance on lipids to power submaximal aerobic exercise? American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 303:R101-R111. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
234. Chauke, M., T. R. de Jong, T. Garland, Jr., and W. Saltzman. 2012. Paternal responsiveness is associated with, but not mediated by reduced neophobia in male California mice (Peromyscus californicus). Physiology & Behavior 107:65-75. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
235. Careau, V. C., and T. Garland, Jr. 2012. Performance, personality, and energetics: correlation, causation, and mechanism. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 85:543-571. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
236. Kolb, E. M., E. L. Rezende, L. Holness*, A. Radtke*, S. K. Lee*, A. Obenaus, and T. Garland, Jr. 2013. Mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running have larger midbrains: support for the mosaic model of brain evolution. Journal of Experimental Biology 216:515-523. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] [UCR Today] [Science Daily news story] [Deccan Herald] [NBC Los Angeles] [Animal Abstracts] [Medical News Today] [Many Years Young] [Indian Express] [moneycontrol.com] [Business Standard]
237. Waters, R. P., R. B. Pringle, G. L. Forster, K. J. Renner, J. L. Malisch, T. Garland, Jr., and J. G. Swallow. 2013. Selection for increased voluntary wheel-running affects behavior and brain monoamines in mice. Brain Research 1508:9-22. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
238. Burniston, J. G., T. H. Meek, S. N. Pandey, G. Broitman-Maduro, M. F. Maduro, A. M. Bronikowski, T. Garland, Jr., and Y.-W. Chen. 2013. Gene expression profiling of gastrocnemius of "minimuscle" mice. Physiological Genomics 45:228-236. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
239. Kolb, E. M., S. A. Kelly, and T. Garland, Jr. 2013. Mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running exhibit lower blood pressure during withdrawal from wheel access. Physiology & Behavior 112-113:49-55. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
240. Careau, V., M. E. Wolak, P. A. Carter, and T. Garland, Jr. 2013. Limits to behavioral evolution: the quantitative genetics of a complex trait under directional selection. Evolution 67:3102-3119. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
241. Poteat, M. D., T. Garland, Jr., N. S. Fisher, W.-X. Wang, and D. B. Buchwalter. 2013. Evolutionary patterns in trace metal (Cd and Zn) efflux capacity in aquatic organisms. Environmental Science & Technology 47:7989-7995. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
242. Dlugosz, E. M., H. Schutz, T. H. Meek, W. Acosta, C. J. Downs, E. G. Platzer, M. A. Chappell, and T. Garland, Jr. 2013. Immune response to a Trichinella spiralis infection in house mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. Journal of Experimental Biology 216:4212-4221. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
243. Dlugosz, E. M., M. A. Chappell, T. H. Meek, P. Szafrañska, K. Zub, M. Konarzewski, J. H. Jones, J. E. P. W. Bicudo, V. Careau, and T. Garland, Jr. 2013. Phylogenetic analysis of mammalian maximal oxygen consumption during exercise. Journal of Experimental Biology 216:4712-4721. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
244. Kelly, S. A., T. A. Bell, S. R. Selitsky, R. J. Buus, K. Hua, G. M. Weinstock, T. Garland, Jr., F. Pardo-Manuel de Villena, and D. Pomp. 2013. A novel intronic SNP in the Myosin heavy polypeptide 4 gene is responsible for the Mini-Muscle phenotype characterized by major reduction in hindlimb muscle mass in mice. Genetics 195:1385-1395. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
245. Guidotti, S., I. Jonas, K. M. Schubert, T. Garland, Jr., H. A. J. Meijer, A. J. W. Scheurink, and G van Dijk. 2013. High-saturated fat-sucrose feeding affects lactation energetics in control mice and mice selectively bred for high wheel-running behavior. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Comparative and Integrative Physiology. 305:R1433-440. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
246. Garland, T., Jr. 2014. Quick guide: Trade-offs. Current Biology 24:R60-R61. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] [Attack of the Intelligent Designers!!! - I must be doing something right!]
247. Meek, T. H., J. C. Eisenmann, B. K. Keeney, R. M. Hannon, E. M. Dlugosz, and T. Garland, Jr. 2014. Effects of early- life exposure to Western diet and wheel access on Metabolic Syndrome profiles in mice bred for high voluntary exercise. Genes, Brain and Behavior 13:322-332. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
248. Kelly, S. A., E. L. Rezende, M. A. Chappell, F. R. Gomes, E. M. Kolb, J. L. Malisch, J. S. Rhodes, G. S. Mitchell, and T. Garland, Jr. 2014. Exercise training effects on hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses in mice selected for increased voluntary wheel running. Experimental Physiology 99:403-413. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
249. Oufiero, C. E., K. Jugo, and T. Garland, Jr. 2014. Swimming with a sword: Tail beat kinematics in relation to sword length in Xiphophorus. Functional Ecology 28:924-932. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
250. Cooper, W. E., Jr., R. A. Pyron, and T. Garland, Jr. 2014. Island tameness: living on islands reduces flight initiation distance. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 281, 20133019. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file] [Press Release from Purdue] [Press Release from UCR] [Huffington Post] [Academic Minute with Bill Cooper speaking] [UCR Highander Student Newspaper]
251. Radojcic, T., and T. Garland, Jr. 2014. Born to run: Experimental evolution of high voluntary exercise in mice. Science Scope 37:51-60. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file] This is about the active-learning, middle-school lesson plan.
252. Oufiero, C. E., R. W. Meredith, K. N. Jugo, P. Tran, M. A. Chappell, M. S. Springer, D. N. Reznick, and T. Garland, Jr. 2014. The evolution of the sexually selected sword in Xiphophorus does not compromise aerobic locomotor performance. Evolution 68:1806-1823. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
253. Kelly, S. A., D. L. Nehrenberg, K. Hua, T. Garland, Jr., and D. Pomp. 2014. Quantitative genomics of voluntary exercise in mice: transcriptional analysis and mapping of expression QTL in muscle. Physiological Genomics 46:593-601. [PDF File] [Drive PDF file]
254. Ives, A. R., and T. Garland, Jr. 2014. Phylogenetic regression for binary dependent variables. Pages 231-261 (plus Online Practical Material available at www.mpcm-evolution.org) in Modern Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and Their Application in Evolutionary Biology: Concepts and Practice, L. Z. Garamszegi, ed. Springer: Heidelberg. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
255. Pollux, B. J. A., R. W. Meredith, M. S. Springer, T. Garland, Jr., and D. N. Reznick. 2014. The evolution of the placenta drives a shift in sexual selection in livebearing fish. Nature 513:233-236. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
256. Schutz, H., H. A. Jamniczky, B. Hallgrímsson, and T. Garland, Jr. 2014. Shape-shift: semicircular canal morphology responds to selective breeding for increased locomotor activity. Evolution 68:3184-3198. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
257. Talmadge, R. J., W. Acosta, and T. Garland, Jr. 2014. Myosin heavy chain isoform expression in adult and juvenile mini-muscle mice bred for high-voluntary wheel running. Mechanisms of Development 134:16-30. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
258. Foster, K. A., C. Collins, T. E. Higham, and T. Garland, Jr. 2015. Determinants of lizard escape performance: decision, motivation, ability, and opportunity. Pages 287-321 in Escaping from Predators: An Integrative View of Escape Decisions and Refuge Use, W. E. Cooper and D. T. Blumstein, eds. Cambridge University Press, New York & London. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
259. Didion, J. P., A. P. Morgan, A. M.-F. Clayshulte, R. C. Mcmullan, L. Yadgary, P. M. Petkov, T. A. Bell, D. M. Gatti, J. J. Crowley, K. Hua, D. L. Aylor , L. Bai, M. Calaway, E. J. Chesler, J. E. French, T. R. Geiger, T. J. Gooch, T. Garland, Jr., A. H. Harrill, K. Hunter, L. McMillan, M. Holt, D. R. Miller, D. A. O'Brien, K. Paigen, W. Pan, L. B. Rowe, G. D. Shaw, P. Simecek, P. F. Sullivan, K. L. Svenson, G. M. Weinstock, D. W. Threadgill, D. Pomp, G. A. Churchill. and F. Pardo-Manuel de Villena. 2015. A multi-megabase copy number gain causes maternal transmission ratio distortion on mouse Chromosome 2. PLoS Genetics. 11(2): e1004850. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004850 [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
260. Careau, V., and T. Garland, Jr. 2015. Energetics and behavior: many paths to understanding. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 30:365-366. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
261. Copes, L. E., H. Schutz, E. M. Dlugosz, W. Acosta, M. A. Chappell, and T. Garland, Jr. 2015. Effects of voluntary exercise on spontaneous physical activity and food consumption in mice: Results from an artificial selection experiment. Physiology & Behavior 149:86-94. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
262. Acosta, W., T. H. Meek, H. Schutz, E. M. Dlugosz, K. T. Vu, and T. Garland, Jr. 2015. Effects of early-onset voluntary exercise on adult physical activity and associated phenotypes in mice. Physiology & Behavior 149:279-286. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] UCR press release
263. Storz, J. F., J. T. Bridgham, S. A. Kelly, and T. Garland, Jr. 2015. Genetic approaches in comparative and evolutionary physiology. American Journal of Physiology (Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology) 309:R197-R214. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
264. Hensley, N. M., J. P. Drury, T. Garland, Jr., and D. T. Blumstein. 2015. Vivid birds do not initiate flight sooner despite their potential conspicuousness. Current Zoology 61:773-780. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
265. Albuquerque, R. A., K. E. Bonine, and T. Garland, Jr. 2015. Speed and endurance do not trade off in phrynosomatid lizards. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 88:634-647. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
266. Albuquerque, R. A., G. Sanchez, and T. Garland, Jr. 2015. Relationship between maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and home range area in mammals. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 88:660-667. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
267. Careau, V., M. E. Wolak, P. A. Carter, and T. Garland, Jr. 2015. Evolution of the additive genetic variance-covariance matrix under continuous directional selection on a complex behavioral phenotype. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 282:20151119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1119. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
268. Olberding, J. P., A. Herrel, T. E. Higham, and T. Garland, Jr. 2015. Limb segment contributions to the evolution of hind limb length in phrynosomatid lizards. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 117:775-795. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
269. Andrew, J. R., W. Saltzman, M. A. Chappell, and T. Garland, Jr. 2016. Consequences of fatherhood in the biparental California mouse (Peromyscus californicus): Locomotor performance, metabolic rate, and organ masses. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 89:130-140. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
270. Guidotti, S., N. Meyer, E. Przybyt, A. J. W. Scheurink, M. C. Harmsen, T. Garland, Jr., and G. van Dijk. 2016. Diet-induced obesity resistance of adult female mice selectively bred for increased wheel-running behavior is reversed by single perinatal exposure to a high-energy diet. Physiology & Behavior 157:246-257. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
271. Didion, J. P., A. P Morgan, L. Yadgary, T. A. Bell, R.l C. McMullan, L. Ortiz de Solorzano, J. Britton-Davidian, C. J. Bult, K. J. Campbell, R. Castiglia, Y.-H. Ching, A. J. Chunco, J. J. Crowley, E. J. Chesler, J. E. French, S. I. Gabriel, D. M. Gatti, T. Garland Jr., E. B. Giagia-Athanasopoulou, M. D. Giménez, S. A. Grize, İ. Gündüz, A. Holmes, H. C. Hauffe, J. S. Herman, J. M. Holt, K. Hua, W. J. Jolley, A. K. Lindholm, M. J. López-Fuster, G. Mitsainas, M. Mathias, L. McMillan, M. Graça Ramalhinho, B. Rehermann, S. P. Rosshart, J. B. Searle, M.-S. Shiao, E. Solano, K. L. Svenson, P. Thomas-Laemont, D. W. Threadgill, J. V. Queija, G. M. Weinstock, D. Pomp, G. A. Churchill, and F. Pardo-Manuel de Villena. 2016. R2d2 drives selfish sweeps in the house mouse. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33:1381-1395. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
272. Claghorn, G. C., I. A. T. Fonseca, Z. Thompson, C. Barber, and T. Garland, Jr. 2016. Serotonin-mediated central fatigue underlies increased endurance capacity in mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. Physiology & Behavior 161:145-154. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] Blog by Chris Perry: "It’s what’s inside that counts. But what’s inside? The role of serotonin and central fatigue." https://medsportsnutrition.com/2016/05/31/its-whats-inside-that-counts-but-whats-inside-the-role-of-serotonin-and-central-fatigue/
273. Wallace, I. J., and T. Garland, Jr. 2016. Mobility as an emergent property of biological organization: insights from experimental evolution. Evolutionary Anthropology 25:98-104. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
274. Hiramatsu, L., and T. Garland, Jr. 2016. Nature or nurture? Heritability in the classroom. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 89:457-461. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
275. Malisch, J. L., K. deWolski*, T. H. Meek, W. Acosta, K. M. Middleton, O. L. Crino, and T. Garland, Jr. 2016. Acute restraint stress alters wheel-running behavior immediately following stress and up to 20 hours later in house mice. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 89:546-552. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
276. Garland, T., Jr., M. Zhao, and W. Saltzman. 2016. Hormones and the evolution of complex traits: insights from artificial selection on behavior. Integrative and Comparative Biology 56:207-224. [PDF file] [Supplemental Excel file] [Drive PDF file]
277. Caetano-Anollés, K., J. S. Rhodes, T. Garland, Jr., S. D. Perez, A. G. Hernandez, B. R. Southey, S. L. Rodriguez-Zas. 2016. Cerebellum transcriptome of mice bred for high voluntary activity offers insights into locomotor control and reward-dependent behaviors. PloS ONE. 11(11): e0167095. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167095. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
278. Claghorn, G. C., Z. Thompson, K. Wi*, L. Van*, and T. Garland, Jr. 2017. Caffeine stimulates voluntary wheel running in mice without increasing aerobic capacity. Physiology & Behavior 170:133-140. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
279. Saul, M., P. Majdak, S. D. Perez, T. Garland, Jr., and J. S. Rhodes. 2017. High motivation for exercise is associated with altered chromatin regulators of monoamine receptor gene expression in the striatum of selectively bred mice. Genes, Brain and Behavior 16: 328-341. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
280. Marck, A., G. Berthelot, V. Foulonneau, A. Marc, J. Antero-Jacquemin, P. Noirez, A. M. Bronikowski, T. J. Morgan, T. Garland, Jr., P. A. Carter, P. Hersen, J.-M. Di Meglio, and J.-F. Toussaint. 2017. Age-related changes in locomotor performance reveal a similar pattern for Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus domesticus, Canis familiaris, Equus caballus, and Homo sapiens. Journals of Gerontology: Biological Sciences 72:455-463. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
281. Acosta, W., T. H. Meek, H. Schutz, E. M. Dlugosz, and T. Garland, Jr. 2017. Preference for Western diet coadapts in High Runner mice and affects voluntary exercise and spontaneous physical activity in a genotype-dependent manner. Behavioural Processes 135:56-65. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
282. Thompson, Z., D. Argueta, T. Garland, Jr., and N. DiPatrizio. 2017. Circulating levels of endocannabinoids respond acutely to voluntary exercise, are altered in mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running, and differ between the sexes. Physiology & Behavior 170:141-150. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
283. Garland, T., Jr., M. D. Cadney, and R. A. Waterland. 2017. Early-life effects on adult physical activity: concepts, relevance, and experimental approaches. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 90:1-14. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
284. Kelly, S. A., F. R. Gomes, E. M. Kolb, J. L. Malisch, and T. Garland, Jr. 2017. Effects of activity, genetic selection and their interaction on muscle metabolic capacities and organ masses in mice. Journal of Experimental Biology 220:1038-1047. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
285. Zhao, M., T. Garland, Jr., M. A. Chappell, J. R. Andrew, and W. Saltzman. 2017. Metabolic and affective consequences of fatherhood in male California mice. Physiology & Behavior 177:57-67. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
286. Hiramatsu, L., J. C. Kay, Z. Thompson, J. M. Singleton, G. C. Claghorn, R. L. Albuquerque, B. Ho*, B. Ho*, G. Sanchez*, and T. Garland, Jr. 2017. Maternal exposure to Western diet affects adult body composition and voluntary wheel running in a genotype-specific manner in mice. Physiology & Behavior 179:235-245. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
287. Claghorn, G. C., Z. Thompson, J. C. Kay, G. Ordonez, T. G. Hampton, and T. Garland, Jr. 2017. Selective breeding and short-term access to a running wheel alter stride characteristics in house mice. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 90:533-545. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
288. Orr, T. J., and T. Garland, Jr. 2017. Complex reproductive traits and whole-organism performance. Integrative and Comparative Biology 57:407-422. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
289. Garland, T., Jr., and R. L. Albuquerque. 2017. Locomotion, energetics, performance, and behavior: a mammalian perspective on lizards, and vice versa. Integrative and Comparative Biology 57:252-266. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
290. Castilla, A. M., R. Riera, M. A. Humaid, T. Garland, Jr., A. Al-Kuwari, S. B. Muzaffar, H. A. Naser, S. S. Al-Mohannadi, D. D. Al-Ajmi, A. Chikhi, J. Wessels, M. Al-Thani, Z. Takcas, and A. Valdeón. 2017. Contribution of citizen science to improve sea snake biodiversity knowledge in the Gulf region. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences 24:126-135. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
291. Xu, S., and T. Garland, Jr. 2017. A mixed model approach to genome-wide association studies for selection signatures, with application to mice bred for voluntary exercise behavior. Genetics 207:785-799. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
292. Tingle, J. L., G. E. A. Gartner, B. C. Jayne, and T. Garland, Jr. 2017. Ecological and phylogenetic variability in the spinalis muscle of snakes. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 30:2031-2043. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
293. Thompson, Z., E. M. Kolb, and T. Garland, Jr. 2018. High-runner mice have reduced incentive salience for a sweet-taste reward when housed with wheel access. Behavioural Processes 146:46-53. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
294. Drury, J. P., G. F. Grether, T. Garland, Jr., and H. Morlon. 2017. An assessment of phylogenetic tools for analyzing the interplay between interspecific interactions and phenotypic evolution. Systematic Biology 67:413-427. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
295. Peacock, S. J., B. R. Coats, J. K. Kirkland, C. A. Tanner, T. Garland, Jr., K. M. Middleton. 2018. Predicting the bending properties of long bones: insights from an experimental mouse model. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 165:457-470. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
296. Lightfoot, J. T., E. J. C. De Geus, F. W. Booth, M. S. Bray, M. den Hoed, J. Kaprio, S. A. Kelly, D. Pomp, M. C. Saul, M. A. Thomis, T. Garland, Jr., and C. Bouchard. 2018. Biological / genetic regulation of physical activity level: consensus from GenBioPAC. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 50:863-873. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
297. Singleton, J. M., and T. Garland, Jr. 2018. Among-individual variation in Desert Iguanas (Squamata: Dipsosaurus dorsalis): endurance capacity is positively related to home range size. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 91:725-730. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
298. Zhao, M., T. Garland, Jr., M. A. Chappell, J. R. Andrew, B. N. Harris, and W. Saltzman. 2018. Effects of a physical and energetic challenge on male California mice (Peromyscus californicus): modulation by reproductive condition. Journal of Experimental Biology 221:jeb168559. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
299. Copes, L. E., H. Schutz, E. M. Dlugsoz, and T. Garland, Jr. 2018. Locomotor activity, hormones, and systemic robusticity: an investigation of cranial vault thickness in mouse lines bred for high endurance running. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 166:442-458. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
300. Biro, P. A., T. Garland, Jr., C. Beckmann, B. Ujvari, F. Thomas, and J. R. Post. 2018. Metabolic scope as a proximate constraint on individual behavioral variation: effects on 'personality', plasticity, and predictability. American Naturalist 192:142-154. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
301. Hiramatsu, L., and T. Garland, Jr. 2018. Mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior conserve more fat despite increased exercise. Physiology & Behavior 194:1-8. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
302. Castro, A. A., and T. Garland, Jr. 2018. Evolution of hindlimb bone dimensions and muscle masses in house mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. Journal of Morphology 279:766-779. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
303. Schwartz, N. L., B. A. Patel, T. Garland, Jr., and A. M. Horner 2018. Effects of selective breeding for high voluntary wheel-running behavior on femoral nutrient canal size and abundance in house mice. Journal of Anatomy 233:193-203. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
304. Peacock, S. J., T. Garland, Jr., and K. M. Middleton. 2018. Reply to Ruff, Warden, and Karlson. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 167:190-193. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
305. Zhang, P., J. S. Rhodes,T. Garland, Jr., S. Perez, B. Southey, and S. L. Rodriguez-Zas. 2018. Brain region-dependent gene networks associated with selective breeding for increased voluntary wheel-running behavior. PLoS ONE. 13(8):e0201773. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
306. Kay, J. C., J. Ramirez, E. Contreras, and T. Garland, Jr. 2018. Reduced non-bicarbonate skeletal muscle buffering capacity in mice with the mini-muscle phenotype. Journal of Experimental Biology 221:jeb172478. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
307. Foster, K. A., T. Garland, Jr., L. Schmitz, and T. E. Higham. 2018. Skink ecomorphology: forelimb and hind limb lengths, but not static stability, correlate with habitat use and demonstrate multiple solutions. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125:673-692. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
308. Singleton, J. S., and T. Garland, Jr. 2019. Influence of corticosterone on growth, home-cage activity, wheel running, and aerobic capacity in house mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. Physiology & Behavior 198:27-41. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
309. Kay, J. C., G. C. Claghorn, Z. Thompson, T. G. Hampton, and T. Garland, Jr. 2019. Electrocardiograms of mice selectively bred for high levels of voluntary exercise: Effects of short-term exercise training and the mini-muscle phenotype. Physiology & Behavior 199:322-332. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
310. Dewan, I.*, T. Garland, Jr., L. Hiramatsu, and V. Careau. 2019. I smell a mouse: indirect genetic effects on voluntary wheel-running distance, duration and speed. Behavior Genetics 49:49-59. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
311. Wone, B., W. C. Kim, H. Schutz, T. H. Meek, and T. Garland, Jr. 2019. Mitochondrial haplotypes are not associated with mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. Mitochondrion 46:134-139. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
312. Lewton, K. L., T. Ritzman, L. E. Copes, T. Garland, Jr., and T. D. Capellini. 2019. Exercise-induced loading increases ilium cortical area in a selectively-bred mouse model. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 168:543-551. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
313. Huey, R. B., T. Garland, Jr., and M. Turelli. 2019. Revisiting a key innovation in evolutionary biology: Felsenstein’s ‘Phylogenies and the Comparative Method.’ American Naturalist 193:755-772. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
314. Tomasi, T., B. Anderson, and T. Garland, Jr. 2019. Ecophysiology of mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 100:894-909. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
315. Andrew, J. R., T. Garland, Jr., M. A. Chappell, M. Zhao, and W. Saltzman. 2019. Short- and long-term cold acclimation effects on morphology, physiology, and exercise performance of California Mice (Peromyscus californicus): potential modulation by fatherhood. Journal of Comparative Physiology B189:471-487. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
316. MacKay, H., C. A. Scott, J. D. Duryea, M. S. Baker, E. Laritsky, A. E. Elson, T. Garland, Jr., M. L. Fiorotto, R. Chen, Y. Li, C. Coarfa, R. B. Simerly, and R. A. Waterland. 2019. DNA methylation in AgRP neurons regulates voluntary exercise behaviour in mice. Nature Communications 10:5364 11 pages https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13339-3. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
317. Andrew, J. R., T. Garland, Jr., M. A. Chappell, M. Zhao, N. D. Horrell, and W. Saltzman. 2020. Long-term effects of fatherhood on morphology, energetics, and exercise performance in California mice (Peromyscus californicus). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 93:75-86. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
318. Malisch, J. L., T. Garland, Jr., L. Claggett*, L. Stevenson*, E. A. Kohl, and H. B. John-Alder. 2020. Glucocorticoid physiology in desert iguanas (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) is predicted by distance from an anthropogenic disturbance, body condition, and population density. General and Comparative Endocrinology 2020:113468. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
319. Verberk, W. C. E. P., P. Calosi, F. Brischoux, J. I. Spicer, T. Garland, Jr., and D. T. Bilton. 2020. Universal metabolic constraints shape the evolutionary ecology of diving in animals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 287: 20200488. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
320. Lamkin, D. M., and T. Garland, Jr. 2020. Translating preclinical research for exercise oncology: Take it to the VO2max. Frontiers in Oncology. 10:575657. (7 pages) [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
321. Schmill, M. P., M. D. Cadney, Z. Thompson, L. Hiramatsu, R. L. Albuquerque, M. P. McNamara, A. A. Castro, J. C. Kay, D. G. Buenaventura, J. L. Ramirez, J. S. Rhodes, and T. Garland, Jr. 2020. Conditioned place preference for cocaine and methylphenidate in female mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. Genes, Brain and Behavior. Sep 9;e12700. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12700. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
322. Hillis, D. A., L. Yadgary, G. M. Weinstock, F. Pardo-Manuel de Villena, D. Pomp, A. S. Fowler*, S. Xu, F. Chan, and T. Garland, Jr. 2020. Genetic basis of aerobically supported voluntary exercise: results from a selection experiment with house mice. Genetics 216:781-804. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLE!
323. Nguyen, Q. A. T., D. Hillis, S. Katada, T. Harris, C. Pontrello, T. Garland, Jr., and S. Haga-Yamanaka. 2020. Coadaptation of the chemosensory system with voluntary exercise behavior in mice. PLoS ONE 15(11):e0241758. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] UCR Press Release Psychology Today BBC Science Focus Magazine Ladders Chemical & Engineering News Uncover Reality
324. Albuquerque, R. L., and T. Garland, Jr. 2020. Phylogenetic analysis of maximal oxygen consumption during exercise (V̇O2,max) and ecological correlates among lizard species. Journal of Experimental Biology 223:jeb229013. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
325. Castro, A. A., H. Rabitoy*, G. C. Claghorn, and T. Garland, Jr. 2021. Rapid and longer-term effects of selective breeding for voluntary exercise behavior on skeletal morphology in house mice. Journal of Anatomy 238:720-742. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
326. Tingle, J. L., and T. Garland, Jr. 2021. Morphological evolution in relationship to sidewinding, arboreality and precipitation in snakes of the family Viperidae. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 132:328–345. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
327. McNamara, M. P., J. M. Singleton, M. D. Cadney, P. M. Ruegger, J. Borneman, and T. Garland, Jr. 2021. Early-life effects of juvenile Western diet and exercise on adult gut microbiome composition in mice. Journal of Experimental Biology 224:jeb.239699. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] UCR News Release Science Daily Reddit yahoo!style
Live, 4-minute radio interview with KCBS (San Francisco)
328. Cadney, M. D., L. Hiramatsu, Z. Thompson, M. Zhao, J. C. Kay, J. M. Singleton, R. L. Albuquerque, M. P. Schmill, W. Saltzman, and T. Garland, Jr. 2021. Effects of early-life exposure to Western diet and voluntary exercise on adult activity levels, exercise physiology, and associated traits in selectively bred High Runner mice. Physiology & Behavior 234:113389. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file] [Supplemental Table 1 Excel file]
329. Han, Y., M. He, T. Marin, H. Shen, W.-T. Wang, T.-Y. Lee, H.-C. Hong, Z.-L. Jiang, T. Garland, Jr., J. Y.-J. Shyy, B. Gongol, and S. Chien. 2021. Roles of KLF4 and AMPK in the inhibition of glycolysis by pulsatile shear stress in endothelial cells. PNAS 118: No. 21 e2103982118. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
330. Cadney M.D., N.E. Schwartz, M.P. McNamara, M.P. Schmill, A.A. Castro, D.M. Hillis, and T. Garland, Jr. 2021. Cross-fostering selectively bred High Runner mice affects adult body mass but not voluntary exercise. Physiology & Behavior 241:113569. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
331. Galván, I., T. S. Schwartz, and T. Garland, Jr. 2021. Evolutionary physiology at +30: has the promise been fulfilled? BioEssays 2021:2100167. [Drive PDF file]
332. Castro A. A., F. A. Karakostis, L. E. Copes, H. E. McClednon*, A. P. Trivedi*, N. E. Schwartz, and T. Garland, Jr. 2022. Effects of selective breeding for voluntary exercise, chronic exercise, and their interaction on muscle attachment site morphology in house mice. Journal of Anatomy 240:279-295. [Drive PDF file]
333. Garland, T., Jr., C. J. Downs, and A. R. Ives. 2022. Invited Perspective: Trade-offs (and constraints) in organismal biology. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 95:82-112. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
334. Schmill, M. P., Z. Thompson, D. A. Argueta, N. V. DiPatrizio, and T. Garland, Jr. 2021. Effects of selective breeding, voluntary exercise, and sex on endocannabinoid levels in the mouse small-intestinal epithelium. Physiology & Behavior 245:113675. [Drive PDF file]
335. Tingle, J. L., B. M. Sherman, and T. Garland, Jr. 2022. Scaling and relations of morphology with locomotor kinematics in the sidewinder rattlesnake Crotalus cerastes. Journal of Experimental Biology 225:jeb243817. [Drive PDF file]
336. McNamara, M. P., M. D. Cadney, A. A. Castro, D. A. Hillis, K. M. Kallini, J. C. Macbeth, M. P. Schmill, N. E. Schwartz, A. Hsiao, and T. Garland, Jr. 2022. Oral antibiotics reduce voluntary exercise behavior in athletic mice. Behavioural Processes 199:104650. [Drive PDF file] [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104650]
[write-up in Outdoor Magazine] [Washington Post]
337. Latchney, S. E., M. D. Cadney, A. Hopkins, and T. Garland, Jr. 2022. DNA methylation analysis of imprinted genes in the cortex and hippocampus of cross-fostered mice selectively bred for increased voluntary wheel-running. Behavior Genetics. 52:281-297. [Drive PDF file] https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-022-10112-z
338. Wang, Z., A. Emmerich, N. J. Pillon, T. Moore, D. Hemerich, M. C. Cornelis, E. Mazzaferro, S. Broos, T. S. Ahluwalia, T. M. Bartz, A. R. Bentley, L. F. Bielak, M. Chong, A. Y. Chu, D. Berry, R. Dorajoo, N. D. Dueker, E. Kasbohm, B. Feenstra, M. F. Feitosa, C. Gieger, M. Graff, L. M. Hall, T. Haller, F. P. Hartwig, D. A. Hillis, V. Huikari, N. Heard-Costa, C. Holzapfel, A. U. Jackson, Å. Johansson, A. M. Jørgensen, M. A. Kaakinen, R. Karlsson, K. F. Kerr, B. Kim, C. M. Koolhaas, Z. Kutalik, V. Lagou, P. A. Lind, M. Lorentzon, L.-P. Lyytikäinen, M. Mangino, C. Metzendorf, K. R. Monroe, A. Pacolet, L. Pérusse, R. Pool, R. C. Richmond, N. V. Rivera, S. Robiou-du-Pont, K. E. Schraut, C.-A. Schulz, H. M. Stringham, T. Tanaka, A. Teumer, C. Turman, P. J. van der Most, M. Vanmunster, F. J. A. van Rooij, J. V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, X. Zhang, J.-H. Zhao, W. Zhao, Z. Balkhiyarova, M. N. Balslev-Harder, S. E. Baumeister, J. Beilby, J. Blangero, D. I. Boomsma, S. Brage, P. S. Braund, J. A. Brody, M. Bruinenberg, U. Ekelund, C.-T. Liu, J. W. Cole, F. S. Collins, L. A. Cupples, T. Esko, S. Enroth, J. D. Faul, L. Fernandez-Rhodes, A. E. Fohner, O. H. Franco, T. E. Galesloot, S. D. Gordon, N. Grarup, C. A. Hartman, G. Heiss, J. Hui, T. Illig, R. Jago, A. James, P. K. Joshi, T. Jung, M. Kähönen, T. O. Kilpeläinen, W.-P. Koh, I. Kolcic, P. P. Kraft, J. Kuusisto, L. J. Launer, A. Li, A. Linneberg, J. Luan, P. M. Vidal, S. E. Medland, Y. Milaneschi, A. Moscati, B. Musk, C. P. Nelson, I. M. Nolte, N. L. Pedersen, A. Peters, P. A. Peyser, C. Power, O. T. Raitakari, M. Reedik, A. P. Reiner, P. M. Ridker, I. Rudan, K. Ryan, M. A. Sarzynski, L. J. Scott, R. A. Scott, S. Sidney, K. Siggeirsdottir, A. V. Smith, J. A. Smith, E. Sonestedt, M. Strøm, E. S. Tai, K. K. Teo, B. Thorand, A. Tönjes, A. Tremblay, A. G. Uitterlinden, J. Vangipurapu, N. van Schoor, U. Völker, G. Willemsen, K. Williams, Q. Wong, H. Xu, K. L. Young, J. M. Yuan, M. C. Zillikens, A. B. Zonderman, A. Ameur, S. Bandinelli, J. C. Bis, M. Boehnke, C. Bouchard, D. I. Chasman, G. D. Smith, E. J. C. de Geus, L. Deldicque, M. Dörr, M. K. Evans, L. Ferrucci, M. Fornage, C. Fox, T. Garland, Jr., V. Gudnason, U. Gyllensten, T. Hansen, C. Hayward, B. L. Horta, E. Hyppönen, M.-R. Jarvelin, W. C. Johnson, S. L. R. Kardia, L. A. Kiemeney, M. Laakso, C. Langenberg, T. Lehtimäki, L. L. Marchand, P. K. E. Magnusson, N. G. Martin, M. Melbye, A. Metspalu, D. Meyre, K. E. North, C. Ohlsson, A. J. Oldehinkel, M. Orho-Melander, G. Pare, T. Park, O. Pedersen, B. W. J. H. Penninx, T. H. Pers, O. Polasek, I. Prokopenko, C. N. Rotimi, N. J. Samani, X. Sim, H. Snieder, T. I. A. Sørensen, T. D. Spector, N. J. Timpson, R. M. van Dam, N. van der Velde, C. M. van Duijn, P. Vollenweider, H. Völzke, T. Voortman, G. Waeber, N. J. Wareham, D. R. Weir, H.-E. Wichmann, J. F. Wilson, A. L. Hevener, A. Krook, J. R. Zierath, M. A. I. Thomis, R. J. F. Loos, and M. den Hoed. 2022. Genome-wide association analyses of physical activity and sedentary behavior provide insights into underlying mechanisms and roles in disease prevention. Nature Genetics 54:1332-1344. [Drive PDF file]
339. Cadney, M. D., R. L. Albuquerque, N. E. Schwartz, M. P. McNamara, A. A. Castro, M. P. Schmill, and T. Garland, Jr. 2022. Effects of early-life voluntary exercise and fructose on adult activity levels, body composition, aerobic capacity, and organ masses in mice bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 14:249-260. [Drive PDF file] https://doi.org/10.1017/S204017442200054X
340. Hillis, D. A., and T. Garland, Jr. 2023. Multiple solutions at the genomic level in response to selective breeding for high locomotor activity. Genetics. 223(1): iyac165. [Drive PDF file]
341. Castro, A. A., T. Garland, Jr., S. Ahmed*, and N. C. Holt. 2022. Trade-offs in muscle physiology in selectively bred High Runner mice. Journal of Experimental Biology. 225(23):jeb244083. [Drive PDF file] https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.244083
342. Kay, J. C., J. Colbath*, R. J. Talmadge, T. Garland, Jr. 2022. Mice from lines selectively bred for voluntary exercise are not more resistant to muscle injury caused by either contusion or wheel running. PLoS ONE 17(11):e0278186. [Drive PDF file] https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0278186
343. Clark, C. J., J. R. Hutchinson, and T. Garland, Jr. 2023. The Inverse-Krogh Principle: all organisms are worthy of study. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 96:1-16. [Drive PDF file] https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/721620
344. Albuquerque, R. L., P. A. Zani, and T. Garland, Jr. 2023. Lower-level predictors and behavioral correlates of maximal aerobic capacity and sprint speed among individual lizards. Journal of Experimental Biology 226:jeb244676. doi:10.1242/jeb.244676 [Drive PDF file] [early-career researcher spotlight from JEB]
345. McNamara, M. P., E. M. Venable, M. D. Cadney, A. A. Castro, M. P. Schmill, L. Kazzazi*, R. N. Carmody, and T. Garland, Jr. 2022. Weanling gut microbiota composition of a mouse model selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. Journal of Experimental Biology 226: jeb245081. doi:10.1242/jeb.245081. [Drive PDF file]
346. Parra-Vargas, M., S. Bouret, J. Brüning, E. de Moura, T. Garland, Jr., P. Lisboa, H. MacCay, S. Ozanne, M.-E. Patti, A. Plagemann, J. R. Speakman, M. Tena-Sempere, C. Vergely, L. Zeltser, and J. C. Jiménez-Chillarón. 2023. The long-lasting shadow of litter size in rodents. Molecular Metabolism 71:101707. doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101707 [Drive PDF file]
347. Schwartz, N. E., M. McNamara, J. M. Orozco*, J. O. Rashid*, A. P. Thai*, and T. Garland, Jr. 2023. Selective breeding for high voluntary exercise in mice increases maximal (V̇O2,max) but not basal metabolic rate. Journal of Experimental Biology 226:jeb245256. doi:10.1242/jeb.245256 [Drive PDF file]
348. Latchney, S. E., M. D. Cadney, A. Hopkins, and T. Garland, Jr. 2023. Maternal upbringing and selective breeding for voluntary exercise behavior modify patterns of DNA methylation and expression of genes in the mouse brain. Genes, Brain and Behavior. 2023:e12858. doi:10.1111/gbb.12858 [Drive PDF file]
349. Leszczynski, E. C., N. E. Schwartz, A. C. McPeek, K. D. Currie, D. P. Ferguson, and T. Garland, Jr. 2023. Selectively breeding for high voluntary physical activity in female mice does not bestow inherent characteristics that resemble eccentric remodeling of the heart, but the mini-muscle phenotype does. Sports Medicine and Health Science 5:205-212. [Drive PDF file] [Link to Open Access paper]
350. Schmill, M. P., Z. Thompson, D. Lee*, L. Haddadin*, S. Mitra*, R. Ezzat*, S. Shelton*, P. Levin*, S. Benham*, K. J. Huffman, and T. Garland, Jr. 2023. Hippocampal, whole midbrain, red nucleus, and ventral tegmental area volumes are increased by selective breeding for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. Genes, Brain and Behavior 98:245-263. [Drive PDF file] https://doi.org/10.1159/000533524
351. Tingle, J. L., B. M. Sherman, and T. Garland, Jr. 2023. Locomotor kinematics on sand vs. vinyl flooring in the sidewinder rattlesnake Crotalus cerastes. Biology Open 12 (11): bio060146. [Drive PDF File]
352. Whitehead, N. N., S. A. Kelly, J. S. Demes*, N. E. Schwartz, and T. Garland, Jr. 2023. Locomotor play behavior evolves by random genetic drift but not as a correlated response to selective breeding for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. Behavioural Processes 213:104973. [Drive PDF file]
353. Hults, C. M., R. C. Francis, E. K. Clint, W. Smith, E. R. Sober, T. Garland, and J. S. Rhodes. 2024. Still little evidence sex differences in spatial navigation are evolutionary adaptations. Royal Society Open Science 11:231532. [Drive PDF file] [Newsweek] [NewScientist] [Daily Mail]
354. Tan, B. B., N. E. Schwartz, L. E. Copes, and T. Garland, Jr. 2024. Effects of long-term voluntary wheel running and selective breeding for wheel running on femoral nutrient canals. Journal of Anatomy 244:1015-1029. [Drive PDF file]
355. Khan, R. H., J. S. Rhodes, I. A. Girard, N. E. Schwartz, and T. Garland, Jr. 2024. Does behavior evolve first? Correlated responses to selection for voluntary wheel-running behavior in house mice. Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology 97:97-117. [Drive PDF File]
356. Thompson, Z, I. A. T. Fonseca, W. Acosta, L. Idarraga*, and T. Garland, Jr. 2024. Effects of food restriction on voluntary wheel-running behavior and body mass in selectively bred High Runner lines of mice. Physiology & Behavior 282:114582. [Drive PDF file]
357. Castro, A. A., A. Nguyen, S. Ahmed*, T. Garland, Jr., and N. C. Holt. 2024. Muscle-tendon unit properties in mice selected for high levels of voluntary running: novel physiologies, co-adaptation, trade-offs, and multiple solutions in the evolution of cursoriality. Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology. In press. https://doi.org/10.1086/731307
358. Hillis, D. A., L. Yadgary, G. M. Weinstock, F. Pardo-Manuel de Villena, D. Pomp, and T. Garland, Jr. 2023. Large changes in detected selection signatures after a selection limit in mice bred for voluntary wheel-running behavior. PLoS ONE. In press.
359. Josefson, C. C., B. M. Fitzwater, R. S. Beltran, D. P. Costa, J. H. Fornara, T. Garland, Jr., B. N. Harris, K. Hinde, W. R. Hood, E. Hunt, G. J. Kenagy, A. L. Liebl, A. R. Litmer, P. C. Lopes, D. Misra, M. Meuti, N. J. Place, L. E. Powers, W. Saltzman, and T. J. Orr. 2024. Balancing act: An interdisciplinary exploration of trade-offs in reproducing females. Integrative and Comparative Biology. In press.
Schwartz N. and T. Garland, Jr. 2024. A meta-analysis of whole-body and heart mass effect sizes from a long-term artificial selection experiment for high voluntary exercise. Journal of Experimental Biology. In review.
Hillis, D. A., L. Yadgary, G. M. Weinstock, F. Pardo-Manuel de Villena, D. Pomp, and T. Garland, Jr. 2023. Large changes in detected selection signatures after a selection limit in mice bred for voluntary wheel-running behavior. PLoS ONE. In revision.
NEW!!! Garland, Jr., T. 2022. Born to Run: Experimental Evolution of Exercise Behavior and Physiology in a Vertebrate Model Organism. In preparation. Riverside, California. [Draft of Chapter 1]
Alva M. R. 2021. Effects of dehydration on voluntary wheel-running behavior and body mass in laboratory house mice (Capstone Project, Senior Thesis). University of California, Riverside. 32 pages.
Software Publications
"Comparative Method Analysis Program" Distributed privately and Copyright 9 August 1990 by E. P. Martins and T. Garland, Jr. Phylogenetic analysis (comparative method) programs to accompany Martins and Garland (1991). To obtain a copy, email to Ted Garland.
"Phenotypic Diversity Analysis Programs" (PDAP) Distributed privately and Version 6.0 Copyright 25 September 2001 by T. Garland, Jr., J. A. Jones, A. W. Dickerman, P. E. Midford, and R. Díaz-Uriarte. Phylogenetic analysis (comparative method) programs to accompany Garland et al. (1992), Garland et al. (1993), Díaz-Uriarte and Garland (1996, 1998), Garland et al. (1997), Garland, Midford, and Ives (1999), Garland and Ives (2000), Lapointe and Garland (2001), Blomberg et al. (2003), and additions. Latest updates are September 2004. These are DOS programs that will also run under Windows XP. Available on request from Ted Garland.
http://biology.ucr.edu/people/faculty/Garland/PDAP.html
"PHYLOGR" R package for the analysis of comparative data via Monte Carlo simulations or generalized least-squares approaches. Accompanies Díaz-Uriarte and Garland (in preparation). Available at: http://cran.r-project.org/
"PHYSIG" package of Matlab (and Xlisp-Stat) code to accompany Blomberg, Garland, and Ives (2003) and Lavin et al. (2008). Available on request from Ted Garland.
http://mesquiteproject.org/pdap_mesquite/index.html
"Measurement error programs" in Matlab to accompany Ives et al. (2007). Available on request from T.G.
"PLogReg" phylogenetic logistic regression package of Matlab code to accompany Ives and Garland (2010). Available on request from T.G.
"PDTREE" module of Mesquite. P. E. Midford, T. Garland, Jr., and W. P. Maddison. Available at: http://mesquiteproject.org/pdap_mesquite/index.html
Books, Book Reviews, Editorials, Videos, and Other Publications
Fail Lab: Episode One - Evolution, featuring Ted Garland as guest star and shared writing credit. FAIL LAB Episode One: Evolution. Sep 17, 2013
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0msBWyTzU0&ab_channel=Zoochosis101
Garland, T., Jr. 1981. Size classes, sex ratio, and body temperatures of Sceloporus malachiticus at Monteverde, Cost Rica. Pages 300-303 in G. W. Otis, M. L. Higgins, F. Bonaccorso, and B. Williamson, eds. Organization for Tropical Studies Course Book 1981-3. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
Garland, T., Jr. 1993. Physical activity and health. (Review of volume edited by N. G. Norgan, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1992). The Physiologist 36:260-261. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
Garland, T., Jr., and M. R. Rose, eds. 2009. Experimental evolution: concepts, methods, and applications of selection experiments. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. xvii + 730 pages. [PDF file of whole book = 7.5 mb] [Drive PDF file] [Drive PDF of Table of Contents]
Garland, T., Jr. 2011. The Flexible Phenotype: A Body-Centred Integration of Ecology, Physiology, and Behaviour. (Review of book by Theunis Piersma & Jan A. Van Gils, Oxford: Oxford University Press). Animal Behaviour 82:609-610. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
Garland, T., Jr., and T. Radojcic. 2013. BORN to RUN: Artificial Selection Lab. PDF version. Formerly hosted here: http://www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/
Garland, T., Jr. 2014. Editorial. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 87:585-586. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
Garland, T., Jr., A. L. Canfield, and M. Bronoel. 2017. Editorial on PBZ’s ninetieth year and top 90 papers in PBZ, 1927–2017. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 90:125-138. [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
Photograph of the lizard Moloch horridus provided for:
Reznick, D. N. 2005. The genetic basis of aging: an evolutionary biologist's perspective. Science of Aging Knowledge Environment (SAGE KE) 2005 (11), pe7.
http://sageke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2005/11/pe7
Book titled The Lizards Living in Qatar (2014) Ministry of Environment, Doha, Qatar, 354 pages, for which I wrote several pages and am listed as a "collaborator" [PDF file] [Drive PDF file]
Cover photograph of giraffe for Integrative and Comparative Biology Volume 57, Issue 2, August 2017.
Garland, T., Jr. 2021. Review of Animal Physiology: An Environmental Perspective. Textbook by Patrick J. Butler, J. Anne Brown, D. George Stephenson, and John R. Speakman. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press). Quarterly Review of Biology 96:225-226. [Drive PDF File]
Garland, T. 2022. Some of us live for track days. The Chapman Report (published bi-monthly by the Golden Gate Lotus Club). March/April 2022. [Drive PDF File]
Garland, T. 2022. Review: Ginetta G56 GTA. https://www.hagerty.com/media/new-car-reviews/review-ginetta-g56-gta/
Published Abstracts (Incomplete List)
Garland, Jr., T. 2019. An introduction to evolutionary physiology, with an example of experimental evolution. The FASEB Journal 33:204.1-204.1. [Abstract]
Wikipedia Pages Created
"Phylogenetic comparative methods"
UCR Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology
Google Scholar Citations Profile
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Last updated by T.G. 26 June 2024