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Tables: Use Simple Structure & Define Headers
Tables: Use Simple Structure & Define Headers
What is an accessible table?
What is an accessible table?
Accessible tables include a clearly defined header row or column, which should be set to repeat across pages and kept intact without breaking across rows. Use tables strictly for data—not layout—and ensure they are easy to navigate with assistive technologies like screen readers. Keep the structure simple by avoiding merged or nested cells; if needed, split complex tables into smaller, more manageable ones. Add alternative text describing the table’s purpose, and include a caption when appropriate. Ensure sufficient color contrast, maintain a logical left-to-right, top-to-bottom reading sequence, and use the accessibility checker to catch and fix remaining issues.
Before
Before
This table lacks clear headers and includes merged cells.
After
After
This table uses a proper header row and clear column structure.
WCAG 2.1 AA Guidance
WCAG 2.1 AA Guidance
Success Criterion
1.3.1 – Info and Relationships: Info and Relationships: Use markup (like table headers) to convey the relationships between data cells and header cells. This allows assistive technology to interpret the structure correctly.
1.3.2 – Meaningful Sequence: Content must be presented in a logical reading order. Avoid using merged or empty cells that disrupt screen reader flow.
1.3.3 – Sensory Characteristics: Instructions should not rely on visual positioning alone (e.g., “See the cell on the right”). Clearly label columns and rows.
2.4.6 – Headings and Labels: Use clear, descriptive labels for table headers to support orientation and understanding.
How to fix in Microsoft Word
How to fix in Microsoft Word
Tag header rows and/or columns:
- Click anywhere in your table.
- Go to the Table Design tab.
- Check the boxes for Header Row and/or First Column depending on your table’s structure.Repeat header row on subsequent pages (for multi-page tables):
- Right-click the top row of your table.
- Select Table Properties → Go to the Row tab.
- Check “Repeat as header row at the top of each page”.Add a caption (optional):
- Click above or below the table.
- Go to References → Insert Caption.
- Write a short description or label (e.g., "Table 1: Enrollment by Program").Add alternative text (alt text):
- Right-click the table and choose Table Properties.
- Go to the Alt Text tab.
- Provide a concise description of the table’s purpose and content.
- Leave the title blank unless needed for identification.
💬 Accessibility Tip: Don’t use tables for layout. If you must, ensure that reading order is linear and the table is marked as decorative or skipped by assistive technologies.
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