Functional Behavioral Assessment

A Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) is a process for gathering information to maximize the efficiency of behavioral supports. An FBA includes a description of problem behaviors and the identification of events, times, and situations that predict the occurrence and nonoccurrence of the behavior. An FBA also identifies the antecedents, consequences, and reinforcers that maintain the behavior, the possible functions of the behavior, and possible positive replacement behaviors.

An FBA includes a variety of data collection methods and sources that facilitate the development of hypotheses and summary statements regarding behavioral patterns. An FBA is conducted through the process of observations (at least three observations by at least two different observers), interviews (with parents, teachers, the student as appropriate, and others who know the child well). Other tools, such as behavior checklists, may be used to gather more information.

• FBAs assist in gathering information which drives the development of Behavior Intervention Plans (BIPs).

• FBAs help to increase the understanding of the function (cause) of behaviors.

• FBAs increase the likelihood of positive student outcomes.

• FBAs emphasize skill building, not punishment.

• FBAs reduce the likelihood of the need for Restrictive Procedures

• Formally, FBAs are required, by law, when conducting initial or re-evaluations that address the categorical area of Emotional/Behavior Disorders.

• Informally, using the FBA process is best practice whenever looking at behavior. Effective behavior management uses FBA thinking to guide interventions every day.

• FBAs are to be conducted for any student whose behavior poses a risk at emergency levels.

• FBAs are to be conducted when a pattern of behavior emerges that interferes with progress or access to education.

• The behavior is defined operationally by the evaluation team using various assessment tools and observation. See forms listed above.

• A degree of predictability about the occurrence of the behavior has been hypothesized. Therefore a behavior, the function of the behavior and replacement behaviors all have been identified.