CONTEXT

We chose cognitivism as our learning theory because we believe that learning is a mental process. Jean Piaget, a well known cognitivist claimed that there are stages of cognitive development, which includes sensorimotor stage, from birth to 2 years old, pre-operational stage from 2- 6 years old, concrete operational stage ages 6-11, and lastly, formal operational stage from ages 11 years old and above. Formal operational stage is where grade 9 students belong since they are estimated 14 years old and above. In this stage, learners already develop logical skills, they are already thinking abstractly, and planning systematically. With this, it is evident that Piaget believed that children’s cognitive development differs depending on their age. Children have certain skills at specific ages they need to hone. Moreover, the theory states that learners need to investigate, modify, experiment, ask questions, and look for solutions by themselves (Ertmer & Newby 1993).

Thus, we provide 3 parts of activities for the students, the first one, is jumbled letter activity wherein they need to re-order the shuffled given terms that they have learned after the discussion. After arranging the jumbled letters, the students need to arrange and organize a puzzle. Cognitivism believes that there is already prior knowledge in our mind that will serve as a guide to learning new things and information, with this the third part of the activity is an explanation of the arranged jumbled letters that are connected to the puzzle they formed. In terms of our seating arrangement, we opt for a pod seating plan. Since the activities we have provided are teamwork activities, pod arrangement is the most suitable type of seating arrangement, for they can communicate to their group mates easily. The activities also provide a platform for the students to share their ideas and knowledge which will help them develop curiosities that will form into a piece of new knowledge.

In addition, George Armitage Miller, a key thought in the development of cognitivism, is listed here along with Jean Piaget, the most well-known theoretical originator of cognitivism. Jerome Bruner, who shared Miller's contributions to cognitivism, was a key figure in that movement as well. Forging the Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies with Miller and Bruner. Albert Bandura, in addition to the others, contributed to the growth of cognitivism. Social Cognitive Theory is one of Bandura's pioneering theories that sprang from cognitivism. Elizabeth Loftus is also included in it, so that's two more things. In the context of cognitivism, Loftus focuses mostly on memory. In particular, Loftus has investigated how information and guiding remarks made after an event might skew memory and recollection of it.

The importance of providing essential materials and paraphernalia in teaching is blatantly known to everyone. Its essence impart aid and assistance to the comfort and convenience of each students towards effective learning. That is why in our classroom structure we provided things such as; a teacher’s table, cleaning tools, a fire extinguisher, a ramp, a television, an essential table cabinet, a fire alarm, an evacuation plan, a lost and found area, trashcans, bookshelves, whiteboard, rug, and plants.

All these things that we include in our classroom structure have their own clear label and organize to ensure that they are easily accessible when needed.