Backwards Design Model

What is Backward Design? 

Backward Design is an instructional design approach that starts with the end goal in mind, focusing on what students should be able to do upon completion of instruction (Wiggins & McTighe, 2005).

Key Principles. 

• Start with the End: Identify desired learning outcomes and goals.

• Work Backward: Design instruction to achieve those outcomes.

• Focus on Transfer: Emphasize applying learning to real-world situations.

The 3-Stage Process:

 Stage 1: Identify Desired Results

•  Determine long-term goals and transfer tasks.

• Identify key concepts and skills.

• Develop learning objectives.

Stage 2: Determine Acceptable Evidence

• Design assessments to measure learning.

• Develop performance tasks and rubrics.

• Identify criteria for evaluating student work.

Stage 3: Plan the Learning Experience

• Design instructional strategies.

• Develop learning activities.

• Plan resources and materials.

Advantages:

• Focuses on student learning outcomes.

• Encourages critical thinking and application.

• Enhances instructional coherence.

Limitations:

• Requires significant planning time.

• May not accommodate diverse learning styles.

• Can be challenging to implement.