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雙語教育研究專題研習
台灣雙語教育的歷史、挑戰與願景
By 三光雙語領航學校
Mr. gary2060
2023.03.20.
台灣雙語教育的演進歷史五大階段：
The history of bilingual education in Taiwan can be traced back to several periods. Here is a brief overview:
日治時期（1895-1945）：在日本統治台灣期間，日本政府推行日語教育，使得台灣民眾學習日語。這一時期，雙語教育主要以中文和日文為主。
Japanese colonial period (1895-1945): During the Japanese rule of Taiwan, the Japanese government implemented Japanese language education, enabling the Taiwanese people to learn Japanese. During this period, bilingual education was primarily focused on Chinese and Japanese.
國民政府時期（1945-1987）：1945 年國民政府接管台灣後，中文成為官方語言，英語則被視為第二外語。在這一時期，英語教育受到重視，但主要侷限於學術界和精英階層。
Kuomintang era (1945-1987):
After the Nationalist government took over Taiwan in 1945, Chinese became the official language, and English was considered the second foreign language. During this period, English education was valued but mainly limited to academia and the elite class.
民主改革與全球化時期（1987-2000）：隨著台灣社會的民主改革和全球化進程，英語教育逐漸普及。政府鼓勵英語教育，並於 1990 年代開始在國小實施英語教育。此外，私立補習班（補習班/補習社/語言學校）也大量涌現，供應民間對英語教育的需求。
Democratic reform and globalization period (1987-2000): With the democratic reform and globalization of Taiwanese society, English education gradually became more widespread. The government encouraged English education and began implementing it in elementary schools in the 1990s. Additionally, private cram schools (buxiban/buxishe/language schools) emerged in large numbers to meet the public's demand for English education.
21 世紀雙語教育推動（2000至今）：2000 年代初，台灣政府提出「挑戰 2008：國家發展計畫」，其中包括推動英語能力國家競爭力提升計畫，將英語教育視為提升國家競爭力的重要手段。政府進一步推動英語教育，如設立雙語學校、增加外籍教師等。
21st-century bilingual education promotion (2000-present): In the early 2000s, the Taiwanese government proposed the "Challenge 2008: National Development Plan," which included promoting English proficiency as an essential means of enhancing national competitiveness. The government further promoted English education, such as establishing bilingual schools and increasing foreign teachers.
2030 雙語國家政策：2018 年，台灣政府提出「2030 雙語國家」政策願景，目標將英語與中文並列為官方語言，全面提升國民的英語能力。政策內容包括教育制度改革、師資培訓、課程改革等。
2030 Bilingual Nation Policy: In 2018, the Taiwan government proposed the "2030 Bilingual Nation" policy vision, aiming to make English and Chinese official languages and comprehensively improve the English proficiency of the people. The policy includes education system reform, teacher training, and curriculum reform.
總之，台灣雙語教育歷經不同時期的演變，從最初的中日雙語教育到如今以英語為主的雙語教育政策，反映了台灣在政治、經濟、文化等方面的變遷。在 21 世紀，隨著全球化趨勢日益明顯，台灣政府積極推動雙語教育，期望能提升國民的英語能力，促進國際交流與合作，並增強台灣在國際社會的競爭力。
In conclusion, Taiwan's bilingual education has evolved through different periods, from the initial Chinese-Japanese bilingual education to today's primarily English-focused bilingual education policy, reflecting Taiwan's political, economic, and cultural changes. In the 21st century, as globalization trends become increasingly apparent, the Taiwan government actively promotes bilingual education, hoping to improve the English proficiency of its people, promote international exchange and cooperation, and strengthen Taiwan's competitiveness in the international community.
未來，台灣雙語教育將繼續面臨一系列挑戰，例如教育資源分配、師資培訓、課程設計等。然而，隨著政府和民間的共同努力，相信台灣雙語教育將朝向更加完善和成熟的方向發展。
In the future, Taiwan's bilingual education will continue to face a series of challenges, such as education resource allocation, teacher training, and curriculum design. However, with the joint efforts of the government and the private sector, it is believed that Taiwan's bilingual education will move towards a more comprehensive and mature direction.
「2030 雙語教育」十大願景
The "2030 Bilingual Education" Ten Visions
「2030 雙語國家」政策願景旨在提升台灣全體國民的英語能力，並將英語與中文並列為官方語言。以下是 2030 雙語政策的重點：
The "2030 Bilingual Nation" policy aims to enhance the English proficiency of all Taiwanese citizens and establish English alongside Chinese as official languages. The following are the key points of the 2030 bilingual policy:
教育制度改革：進行全面的教育改革，涵蓋課程內容、教學方法、教師培訓等方面，以提高英語教育質量。
Education system reform: Undertake comprehensive education reform, covering curriculum content, teaching methods, and teacher training to improve the quality of English education.
培養雙語人才：投入資源培養具有高度英語能力的人才，鼓勵學生赴國外深造，並吸引國際人才來台灣工作與交流。
Cultivate bilingual talents: Invest resources in cultivating highly skilled English speakers, encourage students to study abroad, and attract international talent to work and exchange experiences in Taiwan.
社會英語化：推動社會英語化，包括提供雙語標示、官方文件雙語化及推廣英語服務，讓民眾在日常生活中更容易接觸英語。
Social Englishization: Promote the use of English in society, including bilingual signage, official document bilingualization, and the promotion of English services, making it easier for people to encounter English in daily life.
國際認證與合作：加強與國際語言測試機構的合作，鼓勵學生參加托福、雅思等國際英語測試，並與其他國家及地區建立合作機制，共享雙語教育資源。
International certification and cooperation: Strengthen cooperation with international language testing organizations, encourage students to participate in international English tests such as TOEFL and IELTS, and establish cooperative mechanisms with other countries and regions to share bilingual education resources.
提升在職人員英語能力：對在職人員進行英語能力培訓與評估，尤其針對公務員、教師等職業群體，以提高整體社會的英語水平。
Enhance the English proficiency of employed personnel: Provide English training and assessment for employed personnel, especially for civil servants, teachers, and other professional groups, to improve the overall English level of society.
擴大英語教育資源：編制更多雙語教材，並利用網路平台提供免費英語學習資源，讓民眾能夠方便地自學英語。
Expand English education resources: Develop more bilingual teaching materials and provide free English learning resources on online platforms, enabling people to learn English conveniently.
地方政府參與：鼓勵地方政府積極參與雙語教育，根據當地特色和需求，設立雙語教育中心、舉辦英語活動等，以提高民眾的英語能力。
Local government participation: Encourage local governments to actively participate in bilingual education, establish bilingual education centers, and organize English events based on local characteristics and needs to enhance people's English skills.
非正式學習環境：支持非正式學習環境中的英語教育，如社區教育、企業培訓等，讓更多人有機會接觸到英語，並提升英語實用能力。
Informal learning environments: Support English education in informal learning environments, such as community education and corporate training, allowing more people to access English and improve their practical English abilities.
監測與評估：定期監測與評估雙語國家政策的實施情況，並根據評估結果調整政策方向，確保政策能夠有效地達到目標。
Monitoring and evaluation: Regularly monitor and evaluate the implementation of the bilingual nation policy and adjust policy direction based on evaluation results to ensure policy effectiveness.
社會共融：強調雙語教育的社會共融性，讓不同族群、年齡和社經地位的人都能受惠於雙語教育政策。此外，尊重並保護台灣各族群的文化特色和語言，以促進多元文化共存。
Social inclusion: Emphasize the social inclusiveness of bilingual education, ensuring that people of different ethnicities, ages, and socio-economic backgrounds can benefit from bilingual education policies. Moreover, respect and protect the cultural characteristics and languages of Taiwan's various ethnic groups to promote multicultural coexistence.
總之，2030 雙語政策的重點包括教育制度改革、人才培養、社會英語化等方面，透過全面性的措施，提升台灣國民的英語能力，並促進台灣在國際社會中的競爭力。
In conclusion, the focus of the 2030 bilingual policy includes education system reform, talent cultivation, social Englishization, and more. Through comprehensive measures, the policy aims to enhance the English proficiency of Taiwanese citizens and improve Taiwan's competitiveness in the international community.
台灣雙語教育八大挑戰，包括：
Taiwan's bilingual education faces several challenges, including:
資源分配：充足的資金和資源對於成功的雙語教育至關重要。確保所有學校，特別是那些位於農村或較不發達地區的學校，能夠獲得必要的資源，如教科書、教材和技術，是一項重大挑戰。
Resource allocation: Adequate funding and resources are essential for successful bilingual education. Ensuring that all schools, particularly those in rural or less developed areas, have access to necessary resources, such as textbooks, teaching materials, and technology, is a significant challenge.
師資培訓和招聘：為了有效實施雙語教育，需要足夠數量的合格雙語教師。為本地教師提供適當的培訓並招聘經驗豐富的外籍教師至關重要。由於與私立機構的競爭，留住優質教師也可能具有挑戰性。
Teacher training and recruitment: A sufficient number of qualified bilingual teachers are needed to effectively implement bilingual education. It's essential to provide proper training for local teachers and recruit experienced foreign teachers. Retaining quality teachers can also be challenging due to competition with private institutions.
課程發展：設計適應不同語言能力和背景學生的課程具有挑戰性。全面的課程應在促進語言熟練程度和文化理解的同時，平衡學生、家長和教師的需求。
Curriculum development: Designing a curriculum that caters to students with diverse language abilities and backgrounds is challenging. A well-rounded curriculum should balance the needs of students, parents, and teachers while promoting language proficiency and cultural understanding.
標準化評估：為雙語教育學生的進步制定適當且公平的評估方法至關重要。標準化測試應準確地反映學生的語言熟練程度和學習成果，而不會造成不必要的壓力。
Standardized assessment: Developing appropriate and fair assessment methods for measuring students' progress in bilingual education is essential. Standardized tests should reflect students' language proficiency and learning outcomes accurately, without causing undue stress.
社會態度：有些人可能認為雙語教育不如傳統學科重要，導致雙語計劃得不到支持。改變社會態度並提高對雙語教育好處的認識對其成功至關重要。
Societal attitudes: Some people may view bilingual education as less important than traditional subjects, leading to a lack of support for bilingual programs. Changing societal attitudes and raising awareness about the benefits of bilingual education is crucial for its success.
語言保護：隨著英語在台灣教育體系中的地位日益顯著，保護本地語言和方言的豐富多樣性至關重要。雙語教育應尊重並保護台灣各民族的語言遺產。
Language preservation: As English becomes more prominent in Taiwan's education system, preserving the rich diversity of local languages and dialects is vital. Bilingual education should respect and protect the linguistic heritage of Taiwan's various ethnic groups.
公平與可及性：確保雙語教育對所有學生都是可接觸的，無論他們的社會經濟背景或地理位置如何，對於促進社會包容和減少教育差距至關重要。
Equity and accessibility: Ensuring that bilingual education is accessible to all students, regardless of their socioeconomic background or geographic location, is crucial for promoting social inclusion and reducing educational disparities.
持續評估與改進：監測和評估雙語教育政策和計劃的有效性是必要的，以便確定需要改進的領域並進行必要的調整。持續的研究和數據分析可以幫助為未來的政策決策提供依據。
Continuous evaluation and improvement: Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of bilingual education policies and programs is necessary for identifying areas that require improvement and making necessary adjustments. Ongoing research and data analysis can help inform future policy decisions.
解決這些挑戰需要政府、教育工作者和更廣泛的社區共同努力。通過共同努力，台灣可以繼續改進其雙語教育體系，提高其在全球的競爭力。
Addressing these challenges will require the joint efforts of the government, educators, and the wider community. By working together, Taiwan can continue to improve its bilingual education system and enhance its global competitiveness.
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