INDONESIA
https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=df5d86990dfb4a9e8d2071989319b73e
PART ONE: TEAM CONNECTIONS 20%
We have emailed Yantisa Akhadi, Pak Danil, Qushay and Abdul Soleh on October 19th and also on October 26th in hopes of collaborating and scheduling a meeting via Skype. We have yet to hear back.
-Emails sent by Ryan and Sydney; however, everyone in the group was cc in the emails.
PART TWO: COUNTRY PROFILES 60%
When the European race for colonization was occurring in the early 17th century it was the Dutch who began colonization. In 1945 Indonesia declared its independence from the Netherlands and after four years of fighting with the Dutch government independence was granted in 1949. It is now the world’s third most populous democracy. It is a seismically and volcanically active archipelago consisting of 17,508 islands with 922 of these islands permanently inhabited by the 258,316,051 strong population of the country. Its lowest point is at sea level and the high point is the mountain Puncak Jaya towering at 4,884 m/ 16023 ft. Lying along the Rim of Fire the countries has an extremely active volcanic and tectonic front. Indonesia contains the most active volcanoes of any country in the world with a historically active number of 76. One of the greatest examples of this volcanism is the 1883 Krakatoa eruption which exploded with such power that it ruptured the eardrums of sailors over 40 miles away and with the explosive power of 200 Megatons of TNT four times more than the most powerful nuclear bomb ever built by man the Tsar Bomba.
Capital: Jakarta
Predominate Religion: Islam
Language: Indonesian among hundreds of others
GDP: $859 billion (2015 est.)
-Matthew Conant
"The World Factbook: INDONESIA." Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2016.
2. Indonesia is one of the most disaster prone areas in the world, a problem that is exacerbated by poverty, population growth, and rapid urbanization. One of USAID interests in Indonesia involves improving existing infrastructure data in the Sinabung area. Sinabung is an active volcano that has had eruptions as recent as 2010, 2013, 2014 and 2016. The focus is on the two main cities to the east of the volcano which are named Berastagi and Kabanjahe. USAID helps the reduce risk in Indonesia by planning for future volcanoes. USAID and OFDA also have first responders who are trained to capably provide assistance during emergencies. USAID has a number of strategic problems including Enhancement for Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER), Climate Adaption and Disaster Resilience (CADRE), Improving Flash Flood Flood Early Warnings Program. PEER focuses on training first responders about search and rescue and hospital preparedness following mass casualties. CADRE focuses on reducing vulnerability due to disaster caused by climate change. The Early Warnings Program focuses on giving people more time to prepare for a natural disaster by giving them accurate advanced warnings.
"Indonesia: Disaster Response and Risk Reduction." U.S. Agency for International Development. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.
-Sean Curran
3. The state of OSM is actually very strong in Indonesia; however, they don’t seem to use wiki very much. InaSAFE is one of the main programs they utilize. It combines one set of exposure data with one hazard scenario. InaSAFE produces maps, reports, and action lists with the help of OSM. At this point in time, OSM volunteers are focusing on mapping existing infrastructure data, with a focus on: tracing buildings, roads, and inland water features for the USAID GeoCenter and the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance. We have 17% done, however 0% has been validated.
Those who are mapping on OSM community in Indonesia include: Volunteer Youth mappers, Humanitarian OpenStreetMapping, TTU Team Indonesia, as well as local Indonesians (university students). The university nearest to the project’s location is very important because it understands the local context area, knows how to adapt, and create curriculum and training modules for OSM.
With this image above, you can see which mapped areas are complete, in progress, or validated. This image shows that most of the project, in regards to the red zones of importance, is still in need of some work. The areas we are mapping are heavily residential towards the center of the zones. However, there is a good amount of open land along the outskirts of the project area. In comparison, the center of the cities look to be more populated due to the number of homes and buildings, as well as the defined streets. You will find less amount of building and defined roads the further out you stray from the center. The outskirts are mostly open land and dirt paths.
-Sydney Notman
PART THREE: ISSUE BRIEFINGS 60% (remember, you will be the lead on either one country profile subsection or one issue briefing subsection)
1. Volcanoes pose a significant risk because an estimated 500 million people live within close proximity to an active volcano. According to Dr. Christopher Small of Columbia University “Volcanoes tend to be population-magnets. Soils around volcanoes are nutrient-rich, and are periodically resurfaced by recurrent eruptions and ash falls." In the tropics, such as the Islands of Indonesia, volcanoes have an added climatic advantage because they're at higher elevations resulting in noticeably cooler temperatures than occur at sea level. Because they typically rise above the surrounding landscape, volcanoes create their own weather, rains occur more frequently, consequently these areas tend to be very good for farming. (Hauser)
Being the most active volcanic country on earth, added with a dense population, Indonesia faces some of the greatest risks in terms of dangers posed by the hundreds of active volcanoes situated in the archipelago. Since 1980, approximately 300,000 Indonesians have been affected at a cost of $160 million USD. () Mount Sinabung, located on the northern island of Sumatra, poses a significant threat to people living in the vicinity of the mountain and has had consistent activity since 2010 after being dormant for 400 years. Recent activity includes eruptions in 2010, 2013 and 2014. The latest eruption occurred May 2016, killing 7 people. (USAID) Since the eruption in October 2014, the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency has declared a 4 kilometer (2.5 mile) danger zone around the volcano. This led to the evacuation of over 5,000 people. (Ap) This displacement affects everyone that lives in the shadow of this volcano. These villages are small, and rely heavily on agriculture for a way of life. Any large scale eruption would make many places in and around the volcano uninhabitable for many decades.
This project entails mapping buildings, roads and inland water sources. This is because significant damage to these types of infrastructure would pose a major risk to people that live there and it would make it difficult to send emergency relief to these areas. So being able to map out these features would help first responders determine where people live, and give possible routes to assist in aid delivery. It can also help officials plan evacuation routes for a possible large scale evacuation.
Ap, Tiffany. "Indonesian Volcano Erupts, Killing 7." CNN. Cable News Network, 22 May 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.
Hauser, Rachel. "Life on the Brink." NASA. NASA, 28 Aug. 2001. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.
"Indonesian Volcanoes." Indonesian Volcanoes. USAID, n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.
-Reese Ramsey
2. Resilient Solutions:
USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance has established a local response capacity tailored to reducing risks associated with natural hazards. In January 2012, they started a sub-regional office in Jakarta whose functions were to enhance in-country program monitoring, coordination, and information management.
This office works closely with USAID/Indonesia, humanitarian partners, and the Government of Indonesia’s disaster response authorities to prepare for and respond to disasters. Much of this effort is meant to prepare those communities who are prone to these natural hazards, before they happen, given they’re so frequent they’ve become a status quo. USAID is one of many organizations which implements ongoing initiatives for these states of crises, so that measures become entirely preventative.
-Ryan Thomas
3. The issue found in Indonesia is that there are active volcanoes found in the country posing a threat to the population. So when mapping Indonesia, the main objects we are mapping are roads (primary, secondary, tertiary), buildings, land use (residential, farmland), and shelters. By mapping out all this information, it really makes communities more resilient after overcoming a natural disaster. When you map out roads, you provide out mapped evacuation routes to help the people of Indonesia find safe routes in case of emergency. By doing this, the region becomes more resilient to natural disaster and is able to bounce back to normal daily life much sooner. The next mapping steps to advance the mapping work that was done would be for someone to go over your work to validate it to make sure it is all correct. The mapping you provide does not do any good if it isn’t correct.
-Deion Coleman
PART FOUR: BIBLIOGRAPHY 20%
Bibliography
Ap, Tiffany. "Indonesian Volcano Erupts, Killing 7." CNN. Cable News Network, 22 May 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.
Hauser, Rachel. "Life on the Brink." NASA. NASA, 28 Aug. 2001. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.
"Indonesia: Disaster Response and Risk Reduction." U.S. Agency for International Development. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.
"Indonesian Volcanoes." Indonesian Volcanoes. USAID, n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.
"The World Factbook: INDONESIA." Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2016.