Do no harm

WASH systems causing harm

Resource scarcity -- example Aral sea reduction

Contamination

Means transmission

Vector proliferation

Pollution

Physical risks

Conflict

Poor design

Capacity not adequate

Poor installation

Inadequate operation

Poor maintenance

Inadequate use

Not adapted to social/cultural situation

Inadequate reuse waste

Disaster/conflict

Aral Sea

Subsidence California

Jakarta, Bangkok, sea level

The Philippines

Gaza waste treatment bombing

Oxygen withdraw

Discharge septic tank clinic - street - follow 200 m downstream, stream irrigating vegetable gardens

Hospital waste

Small borehole sewerage in slums, conduit out of the community discharging in the river

Collapse (sewage or drainage pipes leaking and eating away the soil, 100m3 gone)