Do no harm
WASH systems causing harm
Resource scarcity -- example Aral sea reduction
Contamination
Means transmission
Vector proliferation
Pollution
Physical risks
Conflict
Poor design
Capacity not adequate
Poor installation
Inadequate operation
Poor maintenance
Inadequate use
Not adapted to social/cultural situation
Inadequate reuse waste
Disaster/conflict
Aral Sea
Subsidence California
Jakarta, Bangkok, sea level
The Philippines
Gaza waste treatment bombing
Oxygen withdraw
Discharge septic tank clinic - street - follow 200 m downstream, stream irrigating vegetable gardens
Hospital waste
Small borehole sewerage in slums, conduit out of the community discharging in the river
Collapse (sewage or drainage pipes leaking and eating away the soil, 100m3 gone)