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expressing contrast
In spite of / Despite the cold weather, she didn’t take a coat. (+ a noun)
She didn’t pass the exam despite / in spite of studying hard. (+ a gerund / a noun or pronoun)
Although / Though / Even though / In spite of the fact that the weather was cold, she didn’t take a coat.
She didn’t take a coat although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the weather was cold(+sentence)
- When a connector begins the sentence, we use a comma to separate the two contrasting ideas
He was very rude to us, still / yet we forgave him.
He was very rude to us. However / Nevertheless / Nonetheless / In spite of that / Even so, we forgave him.
- The connectors in bold are separated by a comma from the rest of the sentence.
On the one hand, the city offers a lot of entertainment.
On the other hand, it’s very noisy. (two contrasting ideas.)
The Italian restaurant has a good reputation, while / whereas the French one doesn’t. (+ a subject + verb)
“I thought you liked French food.” “On the contrary, I hate it.” (+ a comma)
In contrast to / Contrary to other TV shows, this one is very amusing. (+ a gerund / a noun or pronoun)
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