conditionals

First Conditional

  • Use: We use the first conditional to explain the probable consequences of actions

if clause ---------------

simple present -------------

main clause

will-future / infinitive / modal + infinitive

Examples : If I study, I will pass the exams.

If you see Jordi tonight, tell him to e-mail me.

If Marina gets up early, she can catch the bus

The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

If I study,I will pass the exams

I will pass the exams if I study.

2nd Conditional

    • Use: It is theoretically possible to fulfil a condition that is given in the if-clause.
    • FORM:


i f clause -------main clause

simple past ----------------- would / could / might + infinitive

Examples: If I studied,I would / could / might pass the exams.

  • The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

If I studied,

I would pass the exams

I would pass the exams.

if I studied.

3rd Conditional

    • Use: It is impossible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause.
    • Form

if clause ----------------

past perfect---------------

main clause

would / could / might + have + past participle

Examples: If I had studied, I would / could /might have passed the exams.

  • The if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.


If I had studied,

I would have passed the exams

I would have passed the exams.

if I had studied.

Exercises 1st - 1 2 3 4 5 2nd - 1 2 3 4 5

3rd - 1 2 3 4 5 mixed - 1 2 3 4 5