ENGLISH - Reconstructing The Antikythera Mechanism - Machining The Antikythera Mechanism
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01. [ ENGLISH ] Reconstructing The Antikythera Mechanism - Machining The Antikythera Mechanism.
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Reconstructing the Antikythera Mechanism - Clickspring - 17 videos - 'PLAY ALL'
1 Reconstructing The Antikythera Mechanism - [PREVIEW]
2 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 1 - Greeks, Clocks and Rockets.
3 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 2 - The Main Solar Drive Wheel B1.
4 Antikythera Fragment #1 - Ancient Tool Technology - Making A Small Parts Vise
5 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 3 - The Plates And Main Bearing.
6 Antikythera Fragment #2 - Ancient Tool Technology - The Original Dividing Plate?
7 Antikythera Fragment #3 - Ancient Tool Technology - Hand Cut Precision Files
8 Antikythera Fragment #4 - Ancient Tool Technology - The First Hardened Steel
9 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 4 - Making And Fitting B2
10 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 5 - The Input Crown Wheel Assembly
11 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 6 - Making The Metonic Calendar Train
12 Antikythera Fragment #5 - The First Precision Drill Bit
13 Antikythera Fragment #6 - Making A Hand Powered Drill
14 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 7 - Making The Saros & Exeligmos Train
15 Antikythera Fragment #7 - Precision Soft Soldering
16 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 8 - Making The Mean Lunar Sidereal Train
17 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 9 - Making The Epicyclic Pin and Slot Gearing
( please using the right click of your mouse, and Open Link in Next Private Window, )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRXI9KLImC4&list=PLwZ-sRlSr4mBYHzskOO5m1nc6kEaBjKe2
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OR ...
Machining The Antikythera Mechanism - Clickspring - 9 videos - 'PLAY ALL'
1 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 1 - Greeks, Clocks and Rockets.
2 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 2 - The Main Solar Drive Wheel B1.
3 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 3 - The Plates And Main Bearing.
4 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 4 - Making And Fitting B2
5 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 5 - The Input Crown Wheel Assembly
6 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 6 - Making The Metonic Calendar Train
7 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 7 - Making The Saros & Exeligmos Train
8 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 8 - Making The Mean Lunar Sidereal Train
9 The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 9 - Making The Epicyclic Pin and Slot Gearing
( please using the right click of your mouse, and Open Link in Next Private Window, )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ML4tw_UzqZE&list=PLZioPDnFPNsHnyxfygxA0to4RXv4_jDU2
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OR ...
Separatelly ... in increasing order ... one after the other ... all the 17 videos ...
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Reconstructing The Antikythera Mechanism - [PREVIEW]
Clickspring
Published on Dec 17, 2016
Reconstructing The Antikythera Mechanism, by Clickspring
A video series documenting the reconstruction of The Antikythera Mechanism in its most authentic form to date, with the intention of establishing the precise machining tools, techniques and technology used to create it.
Thank you to the following viewers for suggesting this project:
Robert Heffernan
The Orbital Mechanics (@orbitalpodcast http://theorbitalmechanics.com )
Jeffrey Wright
Sharklops
Jason Therrien
Azayles
RealHogweed
John Newbury
theducks.org
Lord Perkele
Pepper Spray
Pedro Lobo
J. P. Fonseca
BisdremisKostas
Noel Zinger
Piotr Bojda
tony butcher
Brian Kerley
ian elley
Allan Sanderson
ShopTalk
Dimitri Masson
Adam Cato
Reggie land
MrSwift2568
Ralph McCoy
verymetl
Icel4nd3r
BoxedGod
Oscar Scheepstra
Tom Cummings
Adam Mann
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons Dan Keen, Samuel Irons, Sean Kuyper and Mark Kobey
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You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
Cameras:
Panasonic GH5 - https://amzn.to/2rEzhh2
Panasonic X920 - https://amzn.to/2wzxxdT
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Ask Me A Question:
http://www.clickspringprojects.com/co...
References:
Astrotalkuk.org episode26 Tony Freeth and the Antikythera mechanism: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik5qg... courtesy Tony Freeth
Clips from “The 2000 Year Old Computer” courtesy Images First Ltd.
Reconstructing The Antikythera Mechanism, by Clickspring.
duration 02:29 minutes
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRXI9KLImC4&feature=youtu.be
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The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 1 - Greeks, Clocks and Rockets.
Clickspring
Published on Jan 27, 2017
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 1 - Greeks, Clocks and Rockets, by Clickspring.
In this first episode of the Antikythera Mechanism project, I lay out the plan for how I intend to proceed with the reproduction.
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
Mitchell Collins
Sinking Valley Woodworks (http://www.sinkingvalleywoodworks.com)
Florian Ragwitz
Matthew Middleton
Daniel Cohen
Larry Pardi
Sean Kuyper
Samuel Irons
Dan Keen
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
Cameras:
Panasonic GH5 - https://amzn.to/2rEzhh2
Panasonic X920 - https://amzn.to/2wzxxdT
Tools & Shop Products:
"Solidworks 2013 Bible": http://amzn.to/2FObS1D
"Gears From The Greeks", Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
"A Portable Cosmos: Revealing the Antikythera Mechanism, Scientific Wonder of the Ancient World"https://amzn.to/2NoLgIR
Dykem 80300 Steel Blue Layout Fluid, Brush-in-Cap (4oz): http://amzn.to/2HGPaJJ
Dormer A190202 Jobber Drill Set, 1.0 mm - 6.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2DR5fdb
Dormer A190203 Jobber Drill Set, 6.0 mm - 10.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2ITfeTa
YG1 NC Spotting Drill 8% Cobalt HSS 1/8 to 1/2" 120 Degree 5 Pc Set CNC Machine: https://amzn.to/2G7ylv6
Heavy Duty Arbor Press: http://amzn.to/2G4gog7
Other Videos to Watch:
How To Make A Clock In The Home Machine Shop - Part 1 - Making The Frames:https://youtu.be/B8Y146v8HxE
Abbreviated Transcript:
0:00:20 In his famous research paper "Gears From The Greeks" historian Derek De Solla Price put forward a stunning theory regarding the device known as the Antikythera Mechanism. That the origins of our modern day engineering achievements, what he called our "recent age of High Technology", could be found in this ancient device. He theorised that the profession of clock and instrument making had acted as a silent "carrier" of a larger, and much older technology tradition.
01:08 Clockmakers, he said, had played a crucial role in the emergence of our modern world, and that the clockmaking tradition itself, was part of a distinguished main line of technology that could be directly traced all of the way back to the Antikythera Mechanism.
01:25 The Ancient Greeks had written the original language of the mechanical engineer, and had left behind a record of it in this incredible device. A calculating machine, that used complex mathematics and precise engineering to model the Ancient Greek understanding of the Cosmos.
02:01 The phase of the moon, retrograde motion of the planets, and even barely observable details like the precession of the lunar orbit, were all modelled according to Ancient Greek astronomical theory.
02:23 Now I should point out that this is not the first time that someone has made a version of the Antikythera Mechanism, in fact far from it. There have been more than a dozen reproductions that I'm aware of, the most notable of which are the two constructed by Michael Wright.
02:58 But there will also be plenty of opportunity to investigate some of the construction, as it would have been undertaken but the original maker more than 2000 years ago. The data for the reproduction will be sourced from the latest research, mostly from the published work of Tony Freeth and his colleagues of the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project.
03:18 I've used his published gear schematics, and dimensions, together with the raw scan data to generate what I think is a faithful CAD model of the mechanism.
04:04 So while I will cast the raw stock for some of the parts from a homemade bronze, for convenience I'll make the majority of the device from commercially available brass stock.
04:32 These elements will be reflected in the reproduction, but the wood case presents a small problem with regard to this video series. It would obstruct a lot of the mechanism, and prevent you from seeing everything as its being built, and we can't have that.
05:00 At the end of the project, I can either remove the pillars entirely, and replace them with the original wooden structure.
References:
Gears From The Greeks - Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
The CT and PTM data that the AMRP have made publicly available can be found here:http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/data
Gear schematic can be found in Tony Freeth's 2012 research paper:
http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-pa...
Credits:
Clips from "The 2000 Year Old Computer" courtesy Images First Ltd.
Digital image of the Back Dial of The Antikythera mechanism courtesy Tony Freeth, Images First Ltd
Clips of Apollo 11, Shuttle, ISS and SpaceX Dragon courtesy NASA
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 1 - Greeks, Clocks and Rockets, by Clickspring.
duration 06:52 minutes
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ML4tw_UzqZE
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The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 2 - The Main Solar Drive Wheel B1.
Clickspring
Published on Feb 22, 2017
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 2 - The Main Solar Drive Wheel B1, by Clickspring.
There are more than a few surprises hidden in the wreckage of this iconic part.
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
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A very special thank you to Patrons:
Tim Bray
Mike Manfrin
Mitchell Collins
Sinking Valley Woodworks (http://www.sinkingvalleywoodworks.com)
Florian Ragwitz
Matthew Middleton
Daniel Cohen
Larry Pardi
Sean Kuyper
Samuel Irons
Dan Keen
Olof Haggren
Stassinopoulos Thomas
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
Cameras used in this video:
Panasonic GH5 - https://amzn.to/2rEzhh2
Panasonic X920 - https://amzn.to/2wzxxdT
Tools & Shop Products:
"Solidworks 2013 Bible": http://amzn.to/2FObS1D
"Gears From The Greeks", Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
"A Portable Cosmos: Revealing the Antikythera Mechanism, Scientific Wonder of the Ancient World"https://amzn.to/2NoLgIR
"Milling: A Complete Course (Workshop Practice Series)" - https://amzn.to/2K2QZ97
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Dormer A190202 Jobber Drill Set, 1.0 mm - 6.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2DR5fdb
Dormer A190203 Jobber Drill Set, 6.0 mm - 10.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2ITfeTa
YG1 NC Spotting Drill 8% Cobalt HSS 1/8 to 1/2" 120 Degree 5 Pc Set CNC Machine: https://amzn.to/2G7ylv6
Blue Matador Abrasive Paper - https://amzn.to/2IAFiBT
Abbreviated Transcript:
00:59 This part was fabricated, not cut from sheet stock. And once that fact sinks in, a whole bunch of questions arise. For example: What were the tools available to the original maker to form this part? We know for sure about some them, like dividers, hammers and files. But were there others tools we don't yet know about. And what about the dovetail join itself?
02:09 But whatever the reason, it must have been a very good one, because this is by no means the easy way to make this part. As per the original device, the cross members will be notched, drilled and then riveted together, and the dovetail joins will be filed to shape,
03:14 The slightest misalignment, and the other intersections become compromised. More metal than necessary would be removed, with the result being a poor overall fit. So I'm going to use a simple circular jig to make life a bit easier. I used the mill to clean up the raw cuts and also to drop in a reference hole
06:14 The process of riveting has drawn the 2 parts tightly together, leaving the rivets just above the surrounding metal surface. From here I can use files and abrasive paper to take them all of the way down to that surface, and then blend them into the surrounding metal.
07:38 With so much precision hand work, how did the original maker solve the problem of workholding? There's no doubt that a secure method of holding the work would have been essential. So what was the ancient equivalent to this modern screw vise? Filing small parts doesn't usually require a whole lot of force.
08:02 So I imagine a simple wooden clamping peg like this, could easily do the job, not unlike a modern pin vise. A clamping ring, designed to be a sliding fit over the tapered section, could be gently tapped into place to provide the clamping force.
08:19 I think it'd do a great job, and its consistent with the known technology of the time. Of course a lot of the detail of workholding devices like this will probably never be known for certain. But the mechanism has many features that strongly suggest a tool technology that goes well beyond files and hammers.
10:09 The part was then mounted on the lathe and taken to final dimension, all ready to receive some of those amazing triangular teeth. Now there's a lot I'd like to talk about regarding the geometry and formation of those teeth, so rather than make this video too long, I'll save that discussion for a later time.
10:31 But after completing the first substantial piece of the mechanism, its becoming clear to me, that the story of how this machine was made is going to be as much about the tool technology used to make it, as it will be about the device itself.
References:
Gears From The Greeks - Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
The CT and PTM data that the AMRP have made publicly available can be found here:http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/data
Gear schematic can be found in Tony Freeth's 2012 research paper:
http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-pa...
Credits:
Clips from "The 2000 Year Old Computer" courtesy Images First Ltd.
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 2 - The Main Solar Drive Wheel B1, by Clickspring.
duration 11:45 minutes
( please using the right click of your mouse, and Open Link in Next Private Window, )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eb9J5a5eaWs
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Antikythera Fragment #1 - Ancient Tool Technology - Making A Small Parts Vise
Clickspring
Published on Mar 11, 2017
Antikythera Fragment #1 - Ancient Tool Technology - Making A Small Parts Vise, by Clickspring.
A possible answer to the question "How did the Ancient Greeks hold small metal parts for filing?"
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
Sinking Valley Woodworks (http://www.sinkingvalleywoodworks.com)
Mike Manfrin
Mitchell Collins
Dan Keen
Samuel Irons
Sean Kuyper
Matteo Neville
Daniel Cohen
Larry Pardi
Olof Haggren
Stassinopoulos Thomas
Florian Ragwitz
Matthew Middleton
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
Cameras used in this video:
Panasonic GH5 - https://amzn.to/2rEzhh2
Panasonic X920 - https://amzn.to/2wzxxdT
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"Solidworks 2013 Bible": http://amzn.to/2FObS1D
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"Casting Practice – The Ten Rules of Castings" – http://amzn.to/2HF3VfL
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Salamander A-6 SUPER Clay Graphite Morgan Melting Crucible: http://amzn.to/2pkVAak
Abbreviated Transcript:
00:25 And I'd like to talk a bit more about that in this video as I make a version of the device that I described. It's basically what we would today call a "stitching pony". or as I intend to use it, pushed firmly against the bench. A shallow wedge acts as a spacer for the 2 jaws, and a basic bronze casting can be slid up and down the taper to apply or remove the clamping pressure.
00:54. Much like the modern equivalent, an ancient version might have had the jaws covered in leather to both protect the work, and also improve the grip on the workpiece. Now of course, I'm using modern tools to make it. But its easy to imagine how this could have been constructed with the known tools of the day. The materials are common enough, and for the most part
01:13 I'm using interference fits and a wedge to hold everything together. So there's no modern fastener tech required. I must admit though, its very pleasant to be able to use modern power using a similar principle to the modern machine screw. So its not a huge leap to imagine a simple wooden screw vise existing in the same period.
02:01 But as tempting as it is to imagine the Ancient Greeks using tech closer to our own to solve the same problems, I think its worthwhile establishing that this need not necessarily have been the case. The Antikythera Mechanism is an elegant and strikingly efficient design, and much the same could be said of the broader Classical Greek culture.
02:22 I think that its reasonable to assume that the Ancient Greeks Secondly, each tool was a solution to a specific problem. So I'd expect the tools to be practical and functional, with no unnecessary embellishments.
03:07 So the tool would need to be easy to repair when it inevitable breaks or wears out. So I would expect no unnecessarily complex tech, and as few moving parts as possible. As I speculate on the tool technology going forward, And the tin is also scrap, left over from making the tin lapping discs in a previous video.
04:48 The casting looks to be OK, and now needs the sprue and riser cut off, and be given a general clean up. I used a file to knock off the sharp edges, and I've left the other surfaces with a bit of a rough "as cast" look to give the tool a bit more of an authentic presence. OK, so next up is the main body of the tool, and then hammered home.
07:14 Now there were quite a few traditional adhesives available for use in the ancient world. Although I imagine that a good choice to hold the leather in place would have been something simple like pine pitch, a thick tarry substance. I don't have a lot of pine trees in my part of the world, I cut it to a convenient operating length and then pinned the base with a single dowel.
08:27 But I figure if it was, then a natural linseed oil would probably be one of the options available. OK, so that's the tool compete, and I have to say that it has a nice convenient feel. is to use it to make something genuine, like a wheel from the mechanism. Initially I had expected to have to permanently fix the vise to the bench somehow.
09:41 Now to be clear, I'm not saying that this is definitely how the Ancient Greeks approached the problem of workholding. These are just my personal thoughts based on what's required for this specific machine. But I do think that this sort of approach is worth pursuing. And I think it will shake out some really interesting ideas and conversations as I build more of the tools.
Antikythera Fragment #1 - Ancient Tool Technology - Making A Small Parts Vise, by Clickspring.
11:24
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jk_rCm1rAeg
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The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 3 - The Plates And Main Bearing.
Clickspring
Published on May 3, 2017
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 3 - The Plates And Main Bearing, by Clickspring.
In this episode the basic structure of the mechanism comes together, and I put forward a theory on a simple method for achieving the extremely close clearances observed in the original device.
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
Tim Bray
Sinking Valley Woodworks (http://www.sinkingvalleywoodworks.com)
Mike Manfrin
Christopher Warnock
Glenn Trewitt
Dan Keen
Samuel Irons
Sean Kuyper
Matteo Neville
Daniel Cohen
Larry Pardi
Olof Haggren
Stassinopoulos Thomas
Florian Ragwitz
Matthew Middleton
Dave Seff
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
Cameras used in this video:
Panasonic GH5 - https://amzn.to/2rEzhh2
Panasonic X920 - https://amzn.to/2wzxxdT
Tools & Shop Products:
"Solidworks 2013 Bible": http://amzn.to/2FObS1D
"Gears From The Greeks", Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
"A Portable Cosmos: Revealing the Antikythera Mechanism, Scientific Wonder of the Ancient World"https://amzn.to/2NoLgIR
Dykem 80300 Steel Blue Layout Fluid, Brush-in-Cap (4oz): http://amzn.to/2HGPaJJ
Dormer A190202 Jobber Drill Set, 1.0 mm - 6.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2DR5fdb
Dormer A190203 Jobber Drill Set, 6.0 mm - 10.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2ITfeTa
YG1 NC Spotting Drill 8% Cobalt HSS 1/8 to 1/2" 120 Degree 5 Pc Set CNC Machine: https://amzn.to/2G7ylv6
Blue Matador Abrasive Paper - https://amzn.to/2IAFiBT
Heavy Duty Arbor Press: http://amzn.to/2G4gog7
Saint Gobain (Norton) - 4 Arkansas Stones + case: http://amzn.to/2HCOAMX
Abbreviated Transcript:
00:23 So what exactly is the structure of the mechanism? Well if you strip everything away, it comes down to this. A single main plate, with a single main bearing located at its center. The front planetary display is speculated to have been positioned just above the main plate, and the rear display is known to have been located on the other side. It's a 3 tiered structure providing support and alignment for the entire mechanism, and you can see that it has features spread across all 3 levels, that are all somewhat related.
01:41 Now its impossible to know for sure if the original maker used the same technique, but certainly some sort of systematic approach would have been essential.
04:07 Using one of the pins to gauge the progress of the taper. The pins were then hammered firmly into place, and the opposing holes on the other plate given a light countersink. Now for the plates to all sit flush when stacked, the pins must sit beneath the surface of each matching plate.
06:41 Registering each plate with the one beneath it. Again taking care to align the plates carefully before drilling, and placing the pins in regions of the mechanism known to be available space. I can now work with the plates aligned in a complete stack like this, or in various combinations as required, and be confident that the relative positioning of features will be accurate across all 4 plates.
07:49 The sub plate was then returned to the stack to pick up the correct position for the pillars, and finally the front dial plate was returned to the stack to drill out the pilot holes for the pillars. Now without register pins, this would have been quite a challenging task to manage.
10:44 And this is significant, because the presence of a square hole in the spacer leads to an unavoidable conclusion: That the part was in fact fabricated from 2 separate pieces. A spacer with a square hole, and a main bearing body, that were then pressed together to form the full bearing profile.
11:29 All throughout the device, virtually every sub assembly incorporates this idea of spacers and wheels, Either riveted together as a sort of layered sandwich, or threaded onto a shouldered arbor, or both. Certainly the wheels and spacers could have been formed from stock selected to achieve a specific clearance, much like this bearing. But its easy to imagine the maker taking it a step further.
12:13 With not much more than an flat abrasive surface and good eyesight, the maker could have achieved exceptional dimension control without any need for absolute measurement.
References:
Gears From The Greeks - Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
The CT and PTM data that the AMRP have made publicly available can be found here:http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/data
Gear schematic can be found in Tony Freeth's 2012 research paper:
http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-pa...
Credits:
Clips from "The 2000 Year Old Computer" courtesy Images First Ltd.
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 3 - The Plates And Main Bearing, by Clickspring.
duration 17:48 minutes
( please using the right click of your mouse, and Open Link in Next Private Window, )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tRUVGTjLJA
==========
Antikythera Fragment #2 - Ancient Tool Technology - The Original Dividing Plate?
Clickspring
Published on May 21, 2017
Antikythera Fragment #2 - Ancient Tool Technology - The Original Dividing Plate?
One thing about this machine that is truly surprising, is just how small the teeth are.
There's a well established theory as to how the tooth divisions were marked out, but employing that process to mark out multiple wheels has forced me to question whether it can reasonably be applied to the Antikythera Mechanism.
So in this video I propose an alternative process of wheel division, using only the non precision tools of the period.
More detail on the specifics of 223 teeth on B1 below...
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
Sinking Valley Woodworks (http://www.sinkingvalleywoodworks.com)
Sam Towne
Glenn Trewitt
Christopher Warnock
Mike Manfrin
Dave Seff
Matteo Neville
Olof Haggren
Stassinopoulos Thomas
Florian Ragwitz
Larry Pardi
Samuel Irons
Tim Bray
Sean Kuyper
________________________________________________________
Want to know more about Ancient Greece? Then be sure to check out the Ancient Greece Declassified podcast: http://www.greecepodcast.com
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
Cameras used in this video:
Panasonic GH5 - https://amzn.to/2rEzhh2
Panasonic X920 - https://amzn.to/2wzxxdT
Tools & Shop Products:
"Solidworks 2013 Bible": http://amzn.to/2FObS1D
Dykem 80300 Steel Blue Layout Fluid, Brush-in-Cap (4oz): http://amzn.to/2HGPaJJ
Optivisor Headband Magnifier: http://amzn.to/2HFg1FU
Hegner Scroll Saw: https://amzn.to/2IhteVW
Super Pike Saw Blades Size 4/0 pkg of 144: http://amzn.to/2IO6aPw
________________________________________________________
The proposition regarding why B1 has 223 teeth in detail:
The teeth of the main drive wheel B1 are accepted to sit outside the calculating train, and so serve the purpose of simply permitting convenient movement of that wheel, via the input crown wheel A1. In that sense any practical tooth number would have sufficed, and by practical I mean any tooth count that would provide a mechanically sound, robust tooth size.
B1 has an approximate outside diameter of 132mm.
200 teeth gives a tooth module of approximately 0.66 - a very chunky and robust tooth, with apex tip to tip of 2.1mm. A very strong tooth, able to withstand the input torque very well. Although it must be said approaching the point of being too coarse from the perspective of fine mechanism control.
280 teeth gives a module of approximately 0.47 - a reasonably delicate tooth form, 1.49mm between tooth tips, but consistent with almost all other wheels found in the device, and so still a reasonable candidate. Perfect for very fine control of the mechanism, but perhaps approaching the size where deformation of the tooth could occur with exuberant input torque from the user.
So assuming no change to the outside diameter of the wheel, any tooth count (and therefore module) in between this range of 200 to 280 would provide a tooth form that is suitable to perform the role of robustly generating movement of B1.
Latest research has the actual number of teeth for B1 at either 223 or 224. However it is highly likely that the number is in fact 223.
If this is the case, then the choice of 223 is remarkable.
Because if we consider all options within the range of approximately 200 to 280 teeth as valid candidates, then there had to be a very good reason to choose that more difficult division candidate over the more obvious options immediately adjacent. ie Why not select 224? 222? 240? etc
My proposition is that 223 was selected out of simple manufacturing convenience. And that the choice strongly indicates the existence of an ancient division method very different to the current theory. ie One that leverages existing counts to propagate them to multiple wheels.
E3 is known with to have 223 teeth to perform its eclipse prediction role on the Saros dial, so that division number was already required to be present on the division tool.
Knowing that any robust tooth would suffice for B1, The Maker would have been able to directly observe that the count of 223, fits nicely into the range of convenient and robust tooth sizes for the role to be performed by B1. It would have been clear that there was no need to perform yet another large division, when a suitable candidate was already present on the tool.
And so the otherwise surprising tooth count of 223 was selected for B1.
Antikythera Fragment #2 - Ancient Tool Technology - The Original Dividing Plate?
10:48
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIUAdINXZmQ
==
Antikythera Fragment #3 - Ancient Tool Technology - Hand Cut Precision Files
Clickspring
Published on Jul 9, 2017
Antikythera Fragment #3 - Ancient Tool Technology - Hand Cut Precision Files
There are quite a few very interesting tools still to come in this Fragment series, but I have to admit I've been super excited about these: A set of hand cut files suitable for constructing the Antikythera Mechanism. Please enjoy :)
The other video where I case harden the files can be found here: https://youtu.be/V_Mp1fNzIT8
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
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Jeremiah G. Mort
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"The Backyard Foundry (Workshop Practice Series)" - https://amzn.to/2KdfTip
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Dykem 80300 Steel Blue Layout Fluid, Brush-in-Cap (4oz): http://amzn.to/2HGPaJJ
Abbreviated Transcript:
00:40 The Greek civilisation was well into the Iron Age at the time of the devices creation. But the question of steel availability is not easily answered. Certainly there was a form of crucible steel known as Wootz, from the region we now call India. But there was also the technique known as case hardening, which essentially converts the surface of an iron object into steel.
01:23 The first step is to take this raw stock, and shape the basic file blanks. In recent history, this job was done on a massive grinding wheel. And although it would of course have been much slower and less convenient, similar hand powered abrasive tools are known to have existed in antiquity.
02:46 No matter how much I roll the file on top of the work, it rotates so that the file will still cut reasonably flat. Ok, so with the file surfaces stripped, the next step is to form the teeth. And I need to make a few more custom tools to get this part of the job done. I've made a simple file cutting workstation, based on the traditional approach, but scaled down to suit the size of my shop.
06:15 And that first tooth now becomes the reference for the next tooth. The chisel blade is slid up against it, and then the subsequent teeth are laid down one after another. Each time, using the previous cut to locate the next.
08:59 Well I'm not about to give up my commercially made files any time soon. But they do work quite well. They're probably equivalent to a modern #2 cut file, and although the cutting action is not quite as sweet as a new, modern file, its a reasonable balance between metal removal and surface finish. They're durable, easy to handle, and certainly perform well enough to have constructed the original mechanism.
10:31 But there's still quite a high degree of consistency of the root angles around each given wheel. That suggests to me that the teeth were in fact formed by simply plunging the file into the workpiece, like I've done here. And that the root angle variation observed across the gearing, was in fact generated by a small selection of files cut specifically to construct this mechanism. Ok, so to wrap this one up, Its still very early days for this reconstruction. And I've still got a lot more research to do into the tool technology behind this machine.
References:
The Nicholson Guide to Files & Filing: http://www.nicholsontool.com/MagentoS...
The late Ken Hawley on the Sheffield file cutting tradition: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FB58h...
A modern French toolmaking company, producing magnificent hand cut files and rasps:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvr2n...
Another beautiful video on rasp making: https://youtu.be/gQ09O3d8y9Q?t=3m22s
A look at traditional filecutting. A blend of both the modern filecutting machine as well as traditional hand cut files (German, no English CC's): https://youtu.be/koZkKDAg3Zs?t=18m10s
Antikythera Fragment #3 - Ancient Tool Technology - Hand Cut Precision Files
12:28
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOw9WqMOHjA
==
Antikythera Fragment #4 - Ancient Tool Technology - The First Hardened Steel
Clickspring
Published on Jul 9, 2017
Antikythera Fragment #4 - Ancient Tool Technology - The First Hardened Steel
One of the key tool technologies that needs to be explored around the Antikythera mechanism is the simple hand held file. So this is the second of 2 Fragment videos relating to the making and hardening of a set of custom files, using materials and processes consistent with the period. Thanks for watching!
The first video where I make the files can be found here: https://youtu.be/SOw9WqMOHjA
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
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Abbreviated Transcript:
00:09 As part of the process of investigating how the Antikythera Mechanism was made, I've made a set of hand cut files, using mild steel as a substitute for the wrought iron that was likely used in antiquity. But of course when it comes to hardening those cutting surfaces, there's a problem. And its the same problem as that faced by the original maker more than 2000 years ago. Mild steel, has insufficient carbon to simply heat and then quench harden.
00:37 So in this video I'm going to use the ancient process of case hardening to harden the file surfaces. It involves heating the work in close proximity to a carbon source, to absorb carbon into the surface prior to quenching.
01:54 The charcoal was then ground into a fine powder, in preparation for making the carbon pack. I mixed the carbon powder with salt and flour in the proportions onscreen, and then turned into a paste with a small amount of water. The paste was then packed ar ound the file surfaces, and then left to thoroughly dry. Now a reasonable degree of case hardening can be achieved by simply heating this carbon pack, as-is.
02:59 But to optimise the chemical reaction, the process is best conducted in an airtight environment. And traditionally, this was achieved by enclosing the carbon pack in clay. Again for convenience, I'm using a modern propane furnace to do the heating, but a charcoal furnace from the period would have been quite capable of raising the clay to a red heat. And its at this red heat temperature that the transformation begins.
03:44 The metal is now in what's known as the Austenite phase, and has a strong affinity for more carbon. At the same time, the carbon pack is reacting at the steel surface generating a surplus of carbon that diffuses into the body of the steel. Effectively carburising the metal from the outside in. The depth of this carburisation is dependent on time.
04:05 The longer that I leave it in this heat, the deeper the resulting layer of high carbon steel. So while that's cooking, I'd like to show you the tests that I did earlier to figure out just how long the steel
needs to remain in the heat. I started with the same mild steel stock as the files, using a control piece and 4 carbon packed pieces. All were enclosed in clay, heated to a red heat, and then quenched in room temperature brine.
05:06 The Austenite has been transformed into a hard crystalline microstructure known as Martensite. That appears as a silver-white ring around the darker low carbon interior. And you can clearly see it progressing towards the centre of the metal, as a function of time. The longer the material spends in the heat, the
deeper the layer of martensite. Now a cutting tool like a file doesn't really need the hard layer to be particularly deep.
07:13 Today, modern steel composition means that there are several ways to form tempered martensite, in addition to the process that I've shown in this video. And we use it in much of our day to day life, mostly without even being aware of it. But in the ancient world, before it even had a name, this is one of the ways
that it was formed. Using a simple process, and the simplest of ingredients.
Antikythera Fragment #4 - Ancient Tool Technology - The First Hardened Steel
08:47
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_Mp1fNzIT8
==
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 4 - Making And Fitting B2
Clickspring
Published on Jul 31, 2017
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 4 - Making And Fitting B2
In this video the most recognizable component of the mechanism continues to take shape, and becomes the first moving part within the plates.
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
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Jeremiah G. Mort
Dave Seff
Matteo Neville
Olof Haggren
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Florian Ragwitz
Larry Pardi
Samuel Irons
Tim Bray
Sean Kuyper
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
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Hegner Scroll Saw: https://amzn.to/2IhteVW
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Dormer A190202 Jobber Drill Set, 1.0 mm - 6.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2DR5fdb
Dormer A190203 Jobber Drill Set, 6.0 mm - 10.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2ITfeTa
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Blue Matador Abrasive Paper - https://amzn.to/2IAFiBT
Abbreviated Transcript:
01:19 Now before I do any more with this wheel, I'd like to show you a bit more detail on where it fits into the mechanism. Its permanently fastened to the main Solar Drive Wheel B1, and its part of the gearing associated with the back half of the device. In fact its the first wheel in that large and quite complex part of the mechanism.
01:37 It engages 2 wheels, that in turn drive the gearing that animates the eclipse prediction display, the calendar display and the lunar phase display. Now that's a lot gears, generating a lot friction. So the load on B2 and its rivets is considerable.
02:04 And secondly, the scans show 4 quite substantial rivets placed in a symmetrical pattern around the spokes, that hold B2 firmly in place. Its a very neat solution that wouldn't be out of place in a modern clock mechanism. Now the central bore of B2 needs to be opened up to match the main bearing and it could be simply drilled out on a drill press.
02:51 And you'll notice that I haven't used any marking fluid to make that circle more visible. I've done this to show just how hard it can be to see even a simple object line on bare metal. Even up close I think you'll agree it's not exactly the clearest line you could hope for.
03:49 One to locate parts on the division plate, and one to bring all 3 components into alignment for drilling out the rivet hole positions. Now it certainly doesn't meet the requirement of robust handling, but a very straight forward marking material worth investigating is candle soot.
05:02 The positions for the 4 holes are now firmly located over the centerline of each of the spokes, and can now be drilled out in preparation for accepting the rivets. And as tempting as it is to just drop in all 4 holes at once, even the slightest movement of the work whilst drilling can lead to an unacceptable misalignment of the holes.
05:44 The 4 rivets were turned to size, and left just long enough to allow them to be comfortably held for insertion. By now of course a lot of the soot has worn off, so I think its clear that it really wouldn't be suitable for marking out anything that needs a lot of handling, like for example the wheels.
06:57 And then started the process of permanently setting them in place. I made sure that each rivet end was thoroughly peened, and that the metal was pushed well out into the chamfer, giving not just a seamless join, but also good solid mechanical strength. And for the final step, I used a file and 800 grit abrasive paper to blend the rivets into the surrounding metal.
08:23 And as I reach the end of this video, its hard to escape the thought that over 2000 years ago, there was moment, just like this.
References:
Gears From The Greeks - Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
The CT and PTM data that the AMRP have made publicly available can be found here:http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/data
Gear schematic can be found in Tony Freeth's 2012 research paper:
http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-pa...
Credits:
Clips from "The 2000 Year Old Computer" courtesy Images First Ltd.
Digital image of the Back Dial of The Antikythera mechanism courtesy Tony Freeth, Images First Ltd
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 4 - Making And Fitting B2
09:58
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ty-xxavBRcs
==
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 5 - The Input Crown Wheel Assembly
Clickspring
Published on Sep 24, 2017
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 5 - The Input Crown Wheel Assembly
In this video I make the small assembly that enables the user to drive the mechanism.
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
Sinking Valley Woodworks (http://www.sinkingvalleywoodworks.com)
Glenn Trewitt
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Adam Slagle
Jack Cause
Jeremiah G. Mort
Dave Seff
Matteo Neville
Olof Haggren
Stassinopoulos Thomas
Florian Ragwitz
Larry Pardi
Samuel Irons
Tim Bray
Andre van Soest
Pete Askew
Norman Lemke
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
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"Gears From The Greeks", Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
"A Portable Cosmos: Revealing the Antikythera Mechanism, Scientific Wonder of the Ancient World"https://amzn.to/2NoLgIR
Dormer A190202 Jobber Drill Set, 1.0 mm - 6.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2DR5fdb
YG1 NC Spotting Drill 8% Cobalt HSS 1/8 to 1/2" 120 Degree 5 Pc Set CNC Machine: https://amzn.to/2G7ylv6
Hegner Scroll Saw: https://amzn.to/2IhteVW
Kaowool 24" X 12" X 1" 2400 F Ceramic Fiber Insulation: http://amzn.to/2pfsM3d
Tix Flux 1/2oz: http://amzn.to/2G85OEZ
Tix Solder: http://amzn.to/2G4lUiE
Dykem 80300 Steel Blue Layout Fluid, Brush-in-Cap (4oz): http://amzn.to/2HGPaJJ
Generic Dial Indicator 0.001": http://amzn.to/2FOFTyF
Blue Matador Abrasive Paper - https://amzn.to/2IAFiBT
Abbreviated Transcript:
0:00:56 Now much like the main solar drive wheel, from our modern perspective, this is clearly not the easiest way to construct the part. So again the question naturally arises, why did The Maker choose this more difficult method?
03:08 Taking care to reheat the work as soon as it started to cool down, and also being careful to not to overheat it. It doesn't take much to melt a small piece of brass like this. A light skim cut on the lathe created a uniform surface, and widened the inside diameter to be a close fit with the central cylinder formed earlier. A touch of soft solder bonds the two parts together, and fills the join in the perimeter of the band.
06:57 Gradual increases in the depth of cut on either side of a single tooth, eventually leave a small triangular land at the tooth apex. At which point the carriage can be locked, and all of the teeth cut at the same setting. I took a light skim cut of the perimeter to remove the small exit burr left by the fly cutter, and then marked out the rectangular hole that will receive the driving arbor.
09:49 I've found that around 0.4 of a millimeter gives a good tight radius to the bend, and allows the metal to bend easily without cracking. The inside corner on the indexing arm, that I made in a previous video, serves as a convenient square reference.
12:27 The wheel assembly could be held up to B1 with a toolmakers clamp, depthed, marked and then permanently fixed in place. But I'd also like to have the back surface of the bracket flush with the side of the main plate, without having to trim that plate after the fact. So that meant making my best guess at the correct depthing at the planning stage, and essentially locking it in at the start of the project.
13:18 With the input assembly position located, the bracket and underlying main plate were drilled out to accept a pair of steady pins. The steady pins now ensure the the accuracy and repeatability of the bracket position. And once clamped firmly, I drilled out the hole for the bracket retaining pin. A quick tidy up of the holes, and that's the bracket complete for now.
16:44 I opened up the matching rectangle marked out in the center of the crown wheel, taking care to ensure a close fit. With the crown wheel assembled on its driving arbor, I marked the retaining pin position, which will ensure a small clamping force from the taper pin once its inserted.
19:05 The friction is quite low, with both wheels showing free and smooth movement. And the gear interaction feels good too, much better than I expected from a triangular tooth form. In fact based on the feel alone, there's not much to give away the fact that its not a modern tooth profile.
References:
Gears From The Greeks - Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
The CT and PTM data that the AMRP have made publicly available can be found here:http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/data
Gear schematic can be found in Tony Freeth's 2012 research paper:
http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-pa...
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 5 - The Input Crown Wheel Assembly
20:24
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5FR91ZuUsI
==
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 6 - Making The Metonic Calendar Train
Clickspring
Published on Dec 3, 2017
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 6 - Making The Metonic Calendar Train, by Clickspring
In this video I make the gearing that drives the Metonic, Callippic and Olympiad pointers. If you're interested in a bit more detail on the ancient Greek approach to calendars, then I recommend this excellent article on the Athenian calendars - https://www.ancient.eu/article/833/th...
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
Sinking Valley Woodworks (http://www.sinkingvalleywoodworks.com)
Glenn Trewitt
Christopher Warnock
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Steven Sladewski
Rollin W. Patrick, Jr.
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Gary Levario
Pete Askew
Norman Lemke
Andre van Soest
Andrew Smith
Bernd Fischer
Rudolph Bescherer Jr
Sam Towne
Adam Slagle
Jack Cause
Jeremiah G. Mort
Dave Seff
Olof Haggren
Stassinopoulos Thomas
Florian Ragwitz
Larry Pardi
Samuel Irons
Tim Bray
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
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"A Portable Cosmos: Revealing the Antikythera Mechanism, Scientific Wonder of the Ancient World"https://amzn.to/2NoLgIR
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Blue Matador Abrasive Paper - https://amzn.to/2IAFiBT
Dormer A190202 Jobber Drill Set, 1.0 mm - 6.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2DR5fdb
Dormer A190203 Jobber Drill Set, 6.0 mm - 10.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2ITfeTa
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Hegner Scroll Saw: https://amzn.to/2IhteVW
Super Pike Saw Blades Size 4/0 pkg of 144: http://amzn.to/2IO6aPw
Abbreviated Transcript:
01:16 So ignoring sign convention for the moment, and viewed from the perspective of the pointers, the gearing ensures that a full turn of th Metonic pointer occurs once every 3.8 years. And you might notice that two of the gears cancel out in the train calculation, so they appears to be redundant. But as it happens a 53 tooth gear turns out to be essential for another part of the mechanism thats driven by the first section of this train, and I'll cover that in detail in a later video Now there's a small error in the Metonic cycle thats corrected in the Callipic cycle, by essentially multiplying the entire Metonic cycle by 4 to give a more accurate 76 year relationship. And finally the Olympiad pointer indicates the passage of the 4 year Games cycle. So there are 6 wheel assemblies to be made to complete this part of the mechanism, as well as a number of supporting components.
02:54 Some were evolutionary dead ends, and simply didn't make it. Some, like the single pivot idea were the origins of an idea that continued to evolve. And others were evolutionary winners from the very beginning. Travelling through time essentially unchanged, right up to the modern era. Now one idea that of course definitely evolved is the tooth profile. But that's not to say it wasn't largely effective as it was. Because despite its mechanical inefficiency, a triangular tooth profile brings a tremendous advantage when it comes to certain aspects of the build. Like for example, depthing.
04:39 In that instance the entire outside profile of one or even both of the wheels can be very slightly filed back, much like when the teeth were originally formed. So that the final stage of depthing essentially becomes an extension of the tooth forming process.
12:42 so next I moved on to the pointer components, starting with the support frame for the metonic pointer. And since I'll soon need a second one of these for the Saros pointer, I figured I'd better make both of them at the same time.
References:
Gears From The Greeks - Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
The CT and PTM data that the AMRP have made publicly available can be found here:http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/data
Gear schematic can be found in Tony Freeth's 2012 research paper:
http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-pa...
The Athenian Calendar - https://www.ancient.eu/article/833/th...
The Callippic Cycle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callipp...
Meton Of Athens/Metonic Cycle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meton_o...
MT Wright (2005) Counting Months and years: The Upper Back Dial of The Antikythera Mechanism
Credits:
Clips from "The 2000 Year Old Computer" courtesy Images First Ltd.
Digital image of the Back Dial of The Antikythera mechanism courtesy Tony Freeth, Images First Ltd
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 6 - Making The Metonic Calendar Train, by Clickspring
23;50
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RF18TlkDqIc
==
Antikythera Fragment #5 - The First Precision Drill Bit
Clickspring
Published on Feb 26, 2018
Antikythera Fragment #5 - The First Precision Drill Bit, by Clickspring.
There are a number of cutting tools implied in the wreckage of the Antikythera Mechanism, and one of the most interesting is the drill bit. In this video I explore a possible method of how an effective and precise drill bit could have been made in antiquity.
The video where I show the carburisation process in detail can be found here: https://youtu.be/V_Mp1fNzIT8
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
Sinking Valley Woodworks (http://www.sinkingvalleywoodworks.com)
Glenn Trewitt
Christopher Warnock
Mike Manfrin
Steven Sladewski
Rollin W. Patrick, Jr.
Jim Popwell
Gary Levario
Pete Askew
Norman Lemke
Andre van Soest
Andrew Smith
Bernd Fischer
Rudolph Bescherer Jr
Sam Towne
Adam Slagle
Jack Cause
Jeremiah G. Mort
Dave Seff
Olof Haggren
Stassinopoulos Thomas
Florian Ragwitz
Larry Pardi
Michael Harmon
Lonnie Koehn
Tim Bray
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
Cameras used in this video:
Panasonic GH5 - https://amzn.to/2rEzhh2
Panasonic X920 - https://amzn.to/2wzxxdT
Tools & Shop Products:
"Solidworks 2013 Bible": http://amzn.to/2FObS1D
"Hardening, Tempering and Heat Treatment (Workshop Practice Series)" - https://amzn.to/2KbZo6l
Salamander A-6 SUPER Clay Graphite Morgan Melting Crucible: http://amzn.to/2pkVAak
Norton 1-by-2-by-8-Inch Fine/Coarse India Combination Oilstone, Red: http://amzn.to/2tTEPb0
Saint Gobain (Norton) - 4 Arkansas Stones + case: http://amzn.to/2HCOAMX
Abbreviated Transcript:
00:12 The existence of an Ancient style of drill bit is strongly implied in the wreckage of the Antikythera Mechanism. And its fabrication would have likely hinged on a crucial process: The ability to take a malleable wrought iron, and transform it into something hard enough to cut bronze.
00:28 I've covered the process in detail in a separate video, but essentially it involves packing an animal based charcoal and salt around the soft iron, sealing it in clay, and then heating it up to a red heat I'm using a low carbon mild steel as a substitute for Ancient wrought iron. Its soft and ductile.
01:00 But there are some great examples of long slender turning to be found within the wreckage of the mechanism itself. There's a shaft that extended from the lunar phase gearing up to the phase display on the front dial that's roughly 4mm in diameter.
01:16 And there are numerous other pins and shafts, some less than a mm in diameter. I'm using a modern furnace for convenience, but a traditional charcoal furnace is quite capable of generating the required temperature. Once at a red heat, the process of carburising the iron is purely a time exercise.
01:51 So I reheated the rods, rolled them straight on a flat surface, and then requenched. The once soft metal is now very hard, but also extremely brittle, and so easily fractures under a light bending load. So to be of use as a cutting tool, it needs to be tempered, in this case to a light straw color.
02:40 I can see this end of the rod is a good straight section, so that'll become the actual bit, and the excess will be removed at the end of the process. A gentle heat raises the temperature of the rod until a pale straw color just reaches what will become the cutting end. The material is now in a tempered state. Still very hard, but tough rather than brittle.
03:23 Despite no longer being widely used, it still has a number of attributes to recommend it. The first being that its very easy to make. Because the primary surfaces can all be formed by hand, on flat abrasive stones. The cutting edges can be shaped for unidirectional cutting, or as in the case that I'm showing onscreen, for single direction cutting.
03:59 And once the operational length has been decided, it can be permanently set by scoring the metal with a file, and then snapping off the excess material.
04:38 In its rigid cross section form, this sort of drill bit will often perform much like a traditional D bit. Delivering a very straight deep hole. Now there is of course an obvious drawback to the drill bit design: The need to repeatedly withdraw it from the work to clear the chips.
05:36 As soon as the cutting edges start to dull, a quick hit on the stones will bring them back to original condition. Now you won't want to throw out your twist drills any time soon, but its a great option to keep in mind for those rare occasions when you really do need a custom drill bit.
References:
Watchmaking by Daniels: http://amzn.to/2FH3cyh
The many books and DVD's by WR (Bill) Smith: https://wrsmithclocks.com/dvd/
Antikythera Fragment #5 - The First Precision Drill Bit, by Clickspring.
06:50
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1aj_3tlQhU
==
Antikythera Fragment #6 - Making A Hand Powered Drill
Clickspring
Published on Feb 26, 2018
Antikythera Fragment #6 - Making A Hand Powered Drill
The precision of the holes in the Antikythera mechanism is one of the most fascinating aspects of its construction. In this video I make a tool that is capable of creating holes to the required standard, yet is consistent with the level of technology known to have existed in the period.
The video where I show the drill bit making process in detail can be found here:https://youtu.be/N1aj_3tlQhU
The plans for this project, and a IGES file of the flywheel casting pattern can be downloaded as a zip file here (11mb): http://www.clickspringprojects.com/up...
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
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Pete Askew
Norman Lemke
Andre van Soest
Andrew Smith
Bernd Fischer
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Sam Towne
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Jack Cause
Jeremiah G. Mort
Dave Seff
Olof Haggren
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Florian Ragwitz
Larry Pardi
Michael Harmon
Lonnie Koehn
Tim Bray
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Cameras used in this video:
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Panasonic X920 - https://amzn.to/2wzxxdT
Tools & Shop Products:
"Solidworks 2013 Bible": http://amzn.to/2FObS1D
"Casting Practice – The Ten Rules of Castings" – http://amzn.to/2HF3VfL
"The Backyard Foundry (Workshop Practice Series)" - https://amzn.to/2KdfTip
Calcium Carbonate, 1 pound Capacity: http://amzn.to/2FXGrpb
Salamander A-6 SUPER Clay Graphite Morgan Melting Crucible: http://amzn.to/2pkVAak
Dykem 80300 Steel Blue Layout Fluid, Brush-in-Cap (4oz): http://amzn.to/2HGPaJJ
Hegner Scroll Saw: https://amzn.to/2IhteVW
Blue Matador Abrasive Paper - https://amzn.to/2IAFiBT
Dormer A190202 Jobber Drill Set, 1.0 mm - 6.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2DR5fdb
Dormer A190203 Jobber Drill Set, 6.0 mm - 10.0 mm x 0.1 mm Size: https://amzn.to/2ITfeTa
Abbreviated Transcript:
02:30 In fact the Roman author and engineer Vitruvius, writing at around the time that the mechanism was lost mentions lathes in a completely offhand manner, expecting the reader to be thoroughly familiar with the idea. As if the technology was so commonplace, that it barely required explaining. As it happens, the Antikythera Mechanism may in fact be the very best evidence available to establish the full extent of that lathe technology, at least as it relates to smaller scale engineering.
08:37 Next up are what I'm calling the collets, The parts of the tool that'll hold the various drill bits. I cast some long round stock from the same bronze as the flywheel, and then turned it down to an appropriate starting diameter. I then formed the basic collet profile.
11:15 And the same applies to these holes. They're not difficult to form, nor do they need to be terribly precise. They could be made using the lathe tech of the day, or even by using much cruder methods like gouging and then filing. To complete the part, I gave it a light sand, followed by a linseed oil finish.
16:12 In any event, once created, the drill bits themselves can then be used to drill out the collets. Each of the 3 test bits correspond to a critical feature found within the mechanism. One is for a standard bearing hole, one for a standard retaining pin, and the smallest, coming in at just 0.8 of a millimeter, corresponds with the holes used to locate the calendar ring.
16:39 Now there is evidence of the use of soft solder within the mechanism wreckage, and certainly soft solder would be suitable to hold the bits in their collets. But equally plausible, and I think a little more convenient, is resin. I'm using shellac, but any hard resin available at the time would have worked well.
19:58 The changeout of drill bits and flywheels is fast and easy, and the drilling time is comparable to a modern drill. Now as to whether or not this type of tool was used to build the mechanism, well who knows. But I do think its fair to say that its a contender. These test pieces compare well with the holes found throughout the wreckage of the mechanism.
References:
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvius
De Archetectura by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio:
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/t...
TheOlfoundryman on YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC90R...
Antikythera Fragment #6 - Making A Hand Powered Drill
22:40
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtWVA7_9Rik
==
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 7 - Making The Saros & Exeligmos
Train
Clickspring
Published on May 19, 2018
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 7 - Making The Saros & Exeligmos Train, by Clickspring
In this video I make the gearing that drives the eclipse prediction function of the mechanism. Be sure to check out the reference links below for more info on the Saros cycle, and other eclipse related stuff.
[EDIT: At 2:57 there is a typo - the final number in the denominator of the upper expression should be a 30 as per the sketch rather than 90 - Cheers :) ]
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
Sinking Valley Woodworks (http://www.sinkingvalleywoodworks.com)
Glenn Trewitt
Christopher Warnock
Mike Manfrin
John A McCormick
David Wurmfeld
Lonnie Koehn
Michael Harmon
Jim Popwell
Gary Levario
Rollin W. Patrick, Jr.
Pete Askew
Andre van Soest
Larry Pardi
Bernd Fischer
Rudolph Bescherer Jr
Adam Slagle
Jeremiah G. Mort
Olof Haggren
Tim Bray
Steven R. Crider
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
Cameras used in this video:
Panasonic GH5 - https://amzn.to/2rEzhh2
Panasonic X920 - https://amzn.to/2wzxxdT
Tools & Shop Products:
"Solidworks 2013 Bible": http://amzn.to/2FObS1D
"Gears From The Greeks", Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
Sherline Lathe: http://amzn.to/2pnXM19
Dykem 80300 Steel Blue Layout Fluid, Brush-in-Cap (4oz): http://amzn.to/2HGPaJJ
Optivisor Headband Magnifier: http://amzn.to/2HFg1FU
Saint Gobain (Norton) - 4 Arkansas Stones + case: http://amzn.to/2HCOAMX
Hegner Scroll Saw: https://amzn.to/2IhteVW
Super Pike Saw Blades Size 4/0 pkg of 144: http://amzn.to/2IO6aPw
Blue Matador Abrasive Paper - https://amzn.to/2IAFiBT
Abbreviated Transcript:
01:29 This leads to what's known as a Saros series, where over a period of well over a thousand years, roughly 70 to 80 eclipses, will follow one after the other in sequence, separated by the regular interval of 223 lunar months.
05:30 Now the exact nature of that technology is the big question, and we may never know for sure. But we can certainly try a few things out and see what might have been the case. So with that in mind, its time to open up a hole position that I marked back in episode 2. This is the pivot location of the E assembly, and its a perfect opportunity to make the very first hole in the mechanism using some of that ancient tool tech: The Pump Drill.
18:34 The main plate was then opened up, and the square bearing hole formed. These two positions are essentially absolute locations, governed by the dial artwork. And depthing could have been conducted from these positions before filing out this square hole. But at the risk of the position almost certainly moving as the square was formed, and so compromising the depth.
20:44 The height of the Saros pointer assembly is set by the height of the bearing in which it sits, and that height can be easily set by this little spacer. I originally made it slightly oversized, but its a straight forward job to set a clearance of just a few hundredths of a millimeter, by simply abrading the spacer until the barest daylight remains between the adjacent assemblies No special tools, or absolute measurement are required. Just keen eyesight, and a flat abrasive surface.
References:
Gears From The Greeks - Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
The CT and PTM data that the AMRP have made publicly available can be found here:http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/data
Gear schematic can be found in Tony Freeth's 2012 research paper:
http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-pa...
Eclipse and Saros cycle info:
http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/LEpr...
http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/SEpr...
https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsaros...
https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEsaros...
https://www.eclipsewise.com/solar/SEh...
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10065...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylon...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilia...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_...
https://theconversation.com/how-eclip...
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/arti...
Credits:
Clips from "The 2000 Year Old Computer" courtesy Images First Ltd.
Digital image of the Back Dial of The Antikythera mechanism courtesy Tony Freeth, Images First Ltd
Final track is "Fading" by Sappheiros - visit https://soundcloud.com/sappheirosmusic
Other music:
Aerial eclipse footage courtesy NASA
Eclipse Corona footage courtesy Joe Maddox
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 7 - Making The Saros & Exeligmos Train, by Clickspring
25:24
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDYnxxUV4Nk
==
Antikythera Fragment #7 - Precision Soft Soldering
Clickspring
Published on Sep 16, 2018
Antikythera Fragment #7 - Precision Soft Soldering, by Clickspring.
Continuing on with the investigation of what it was like inside the ancient workshop, here's a closer look at another of the demonstrated techniques: The precise joining of metal using soft solder.
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
Sinking Valley Woodworks (http://www.sinkingvalleywoodworks.com)
Glenn Trewitt
Christopher Warnock
Mike Manfrin
John A McCormick
David Wurmfeld
Lonnie Koehn
Michael Harmon
Jim Popwell
Gary Levario
Rollin W. Patrick, Jr.
Pete Askew
Andre van Soest
Larry Pardi
Bernd Fischer
Rudolph Bescherer Jr
Adam Slagle
Jeremiah G. Mort
Olof Haggren
Tim Bray
Steven R. Crider
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
Cameras used in this video:
Panasonic GH5 - https://amzn.to/2rEzhh2
Panasonic X920 - https://amzn.to/2wzxxdT
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Rosin: https://amzn.to/2wQ5jJ1
Tix Solder: http://amzn.to/2G4lUiE
Tix Flux 1/2oz: http://amzn.to/2G85OEZ
Lodge Cast Iron: https://www.amazon.com/Lodge-Sportsma...
References:
De Archetectura by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio:
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/t...
Credits:
Clips from "The 2000 Year Old Computer" courtesy Images First Ltd.
Antikythera Fragment #7 - Precision Soft Soldering, by Clickspring.
07:35
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_MdxdGr57k
==
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 8 - Making The Mean Lunar Sidereal Train
Clickspring
Published on Sep 21, 2018
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 8 - Making The Mean Lunar Sidereal Train, by Clickspring.
In this video I make the gearing that calculates the mean sidereal period of the #dearMoon, and have a closer look at some of the mechanical limitations of the device. Be sure to check out the related soldering video here: https://youtu.be/T_MdxdGr57k
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
Sinking Valley Woodworks (http://www.sinkingvalleywoodworks.com)
Glenn Trewitt
Christopher Warnock
Mike Manfrin
John A McCormick
David Wurmfeld
Lonnie Koehn
Michael Harmon
Jim Popwell
Gary Levario
Rollin W. Patrick, Jr.
Pete Askew
Andre van Soest
Larry Pardi
Bernd Fischer
Rudolph Bescherer Jr
Adam Slagle
Jeremiah G. Mort
Olof Haggren
Tim Bray
Steven R. Crider
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
Cameras used in this video:
Panasonic GH5 - https://amzn.to/2rEzhh2
Panasonic X920 - https://amzn.to/2wzxxdT
Tools & Shop Products:
"Solidworks 2013 Bible": http://amzn.to/2FObS1D
"Gears From The Greeks", Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
Sherline Lathe: http://amzn.to/2pnXM19
Dykem 80300 Steel Blue Layout Fluid, Brush-in-Cap (4oz): http://amzn.to/2HGPaJJ
Tix Solder: http://amzn.to/2G4lUiE
Tix Flux 1/2oz: http://amzn.to/2G85OEZ
Saint Gobain (Norton) - 4 Arkansas Stones + case: http://amzn.to/2HCOAMX
Blue Matador Abrasive Paper - https://amzn.to/2IAFiBT
References:
Gears From The Greeks - Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
The CT and PTM data that the AMRP have made publicly available can be found here:http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/data
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 8 - Making The Mean Lunar Sidereal Train, by Clickspring.
08:37
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBI54xujkN0
==
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 9 - Making The Epicyclic Pin and Slot Gearing
Clickspring
Published on Oct 20, 2018
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 9 - Making The Epicyclic Pin and Slot Gearing, by Clickspring.
In this video I make what is arguably the most impressive section of the mechanism - the small pin-and-slot module that models the Ancient Greek theory of the variable motion of the #dearMoon.
If you would like to help support the creation of these videos, then head on over to the Clickspring Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/clickspring
________________________________________________________
A very special thank you to Patrons:
Sinking Valley Woodworks (http://www.sinkingvalleywoodworks.com)
Glenn Trewitt
Christopher Warnock
Mike Manfrin
John A McCormick
David Wurmfeld
Lonnie Koehn
Michael Harmon
Jim Popwell
Gary Levario
Rollin W. Patrick, Jr.
Pete Askew
Andre van Soest
Larry Pardi
Bernd Fischer
Rudolph Bescherer Jr
Adam Slagle
Jeremiah G. Mort
Olof Haggren
Tim Bray
Steven R. Crider
________________________________________________________
You can also help me make these videos by purchasing via the following Amazon Affiliate links:
Cameras used in this video:
Panasonic GH5 - https://amzn.to/2rEzhh2
Panasonic X920 - https://amzn.to/2wzxxdT
Tools & Shop Products:
"Solidworks 2013 Bible": http://amzn.to/2FObS1D
"Gears From The Greeks", Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
Sherline Lathe: http://amzn.to/2pnXM19
Sherline WW collets: http://amzn.to/2FYZ7F8
Dykem 80300 Steel Blue Layout Fluid, Brush-in-Cap (4oz): http://amzn.to/2HGPaJJ
Saint Gobain (Norton) - 4 Arkansas Stones + case: http://amzn.to/2HCOAMX
Blue Matador Abrasive Paper - https://amzn.to/2IAFiBT
Bergeon Professional Cleaning Rodico: https://amzn.to/2NwcM6y
Lodge Cast Iron: https://www.amazon.com/Lodge-Sportsma...
References:
The experimental bench block and forming tools used at 10:48 are conceptually based on some of the research in the papers mentioned in this papers bibliography: https://bit.ly/2GlBDtB
Gears From The Greeks - Derek de Solla Price: http://amzn.to/2pii4ZD
The CT and PTM data that the AMRP have made publicly available can be found here:http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/data
Marcus Tullius Cicero: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicero
Cicero De natura deorum:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Natu...
https://archive.org/details/denaturad...
Apsidal Precession:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsidal...
Hipparchus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipparchus
Anomalistic Month:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_m...
Music:
The Antikythera Mechanism Episode 9 - Making The Epicyclic Pin and Slot Gearing, by Clickspring.
17;17
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v19cu2hj2Ms
==
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