Embedded Files
The Ice Age
Grade(s): 9-12
Duration: Three class periods
Lesson Plan Sections
Discussion Questions
Extensions
Academic Standards
Objectives
Students will:
understand the difference between the terms ice age and Ice Age
understand what causes ice ages
learn about some plants and animals that lived during the Ice Age; and
understand why certain Ice Age animals became extinct.
Materials
Materials
The class will need the following:
Procedures
Procedures
Adaptations
Adaptations
Younger students (middle school) can begin learning about the Ice Age by browsing theThinkQuest Junior Ice Agesite or by looking in library resources. Review basic facts about ice ages and the Ice Age with students, such as what an ice age is and why they occur. (See question "a" in Procedures.) Then divide students into groups of two or three and have them research an animal that lived during the Ice Age. They can use library resources or the Web sites listed below. Have students draw a picture of the animal they selected and answer the following questions on a 4 ? 6 index card: Where did this animal live? What did this animal eat? What animals were its predators? What descendants are living today? Ask each group to hang its illustration and index card on the bulletin board, creating an Ice Age mural.
Sites about Ice Age Animals
Discussion Questions
Discussion Questions
Evaluation
Evaluation
Use the following three-point rubric to evaluate students' work during this lesson:
Three points: gave exemplary answers on the Classroom Activity Sheet; participated in class discussions; wrote clear and thoughtful responses to the questions on the Take-Home Activity Sheet.
Two points: made average effort to answer most or all of the questions on the Classroom Activity Sheet; participated in class discussions; wrote thoughtful responses to most or all of the questions on the Take-Home Activity Sheet.
One point: made minimal effort to answer questions on the Classroom Activity Sheet, leaving many or most of the questions blank; showed lack of interest in class discussions; performed weakly on the Take-Home Activity Sheet.
Extensions
Extensions
Ice Age Time Line
Have students make a time line showing the four major periods of glaciation that occurred during the Pleistocene period. Their time line should also include the beginnings of human interaction with Pleistocene animals and the extinction of those animals. Students can get information for their time lines on the Web sites listed in this lesson.
Paleontologists at Work
Have students do some research about the work of paleontologists. Suggest that students investigate the tools used, how paleontologists protect specimens while transporting them to the lab, and what happens when the specimens arrive at the lab. The following Web site provides useful information:
Suggested Readings
Suggested Readings
Cloning
Jeanne DuPrau. Lucent, 2000.
Cloning has seemed like science fiction for years (the re-creation of dinosaurs in the movie "Jurassic Park" for example), but when Dolly the sheep was created in 1996, it became a reality. This book explains how cloning is currently used in agriculture and how may be used in the future in such areas as medicine, the preservation of endangered species and even people. The ethics of cloning is covered as well in this good introduction to the subject.
"The Cold Zone"
Richard Stone. In Discover Magazine , February, 2000, pp. 58-65.
Follow an expedition of scientists as they look for the frozen remains of mammoths in the Taimyr Peninsula of Siberia. Over 1,000 mammoth specimens have been gathered here, including the famous Jarkov mammoth, which was raised from the permafrost in October of 1999. Scientists are hoping to find DNA evidence that will help explain the extinction of the mammoths, and perhaps lead to resurrecting them through cloning!
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
glaciation
Definition: The process by which glaciers spread over the land.
Context: We can see evidence of theglaciationthat occurred during the Ice Age by looking at certain landscape features, such as the broad valleys of the northern United States.
Ice Age
Definition: An ice age is a period in the Earth's history when ice sheets cover vast regions of land; when capitalized, the term refers to the Pleistocene glacial epoch, from 2 million to 11,500 years ago.
Context: TheIce Ageended about 11,500 years ago, when glaciers retreated significantly.
mastodon
Definition: A large mammal, cousin to the elephant, that lived during the Pleistocene period.
Context: Mastodonslooked very similar to woolly mammoths, but had shorter tusks and bodies.
paleontology
Definition: The study of life from past geological times as known from fossil remains.
Context: The science ofpaleontologyallows us to learn about the environment, animals, and plants of Earth millions of years ago.
Pleistocene era
Definition: The time span from 2 million to 11,500 years ago.
Context: The end of the Ice Age coincides with the end of thePleistocene era, both of which took place about 11,500 years ago.
woolly mammoth
Definition: A large mammal, cousin to the elephant, that lived during the Pleistocene.
Context: Many preserved specimens of thewoolly mammoth, which became extinct at the end of the Ice Age, have been found in Siberia.
Standards
Standards
This lesson plan may be used to address the academic standards listed below. These standards are drawn from Content Knowledge: A Compendium of Standards and Benchmarks for K-12 Education: 2nd Edition and have been provided courtesy of theMid-continent Research for Education and Learningin Aurora, Colorado.
Grade level: 9-12
Subject area: Science
Standard:
Understands the nature of scientific knowledge.
Benchmarks:
Understands how scientific knowledge changes and accumulates over time (e.g., all scientific knowledge is subject to change as new evidence becomes available; some scientific ideas are incomplete and opportunity exists in these areas for new advances; theories are continually tested, revised, and occasionally discarded).
Grade level: 9-12
Subject area: Life Science
Standard:
Understands biological evolution and the diversity of life.
Benchmarks:
Knows the history of the origin and evolution of life on Earth (e.g., life on Earth is thought to have begun 3.5 to 4 billion years ago as simple, unicellular organisms; cells with nuclei evolved about a billion years ago, after which increasingly complex multicellular organisms evolved).
Grade level: 9-12
Subject area: Life Science
Standard:
Understands biological evolution and the diversity of life.
Benchmarks:
Knows how natural selection and its evolutionary consequences provide a scientific explanation for the diversity and unity of past and present life-forms on Earth (e.g., recurring patterns of relationship exist throughout the fossil record; molecular similarities exist among the diverse species of living organisms; the millions of different species living today appear to be related by descent from common ancestors).
Credit
Credit
Betsy Hedberg, freelance curriculum writer and teacher.
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