Progressive German rabbis’ opposition to Zionism as summarized by Dan Cohn-Sherbok and Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok (2010): “After Herzl issued his summons to the First Zionist Congress [1897, Basle, Switzerland], the Progressive German rabbis made a statement declaring that the Jewish faith obligated all Jews to serve the countries in which they live” (Dan Cohn-Sherbok and Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok, “Judaism: A Beginner’s Guide”, Oneworld, 2010).