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The table shows where these devices would operate in the OSI model
The table shows where these devices would operate in the OSI model
this table is copied from http://www.vlsm-calc.net/models.php
this table is copied from http://www.vlsm-calc.net/models.php
Network interface card
Network interface card
The NIC is the primary means of getting data from the motherboard onto the network. The most commonly used type of network card is an Ethernet compliant card that has the connector for an RJ45 plug, which is commonly found terminating a UTP cable. Most modern motherboards have the NIC built into the motherboard since it has become an essential part of the modern PC.
You can also get fiber optic NIC
Modem
Modem
A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that converts an analog signal to digital information and vice versa. Dial-up modems are used to connect to the internet via the existing phone lines using voice (which is why they make a noise when they dial up).
Hub
Hub
A device which connects nodes on a network
together. Any message to to a hub from a node is then broadcast to all other nodes attached to the hub. Since all messages are sent to all nodes, a network can easily become congested. Most network no longer use hubs but rather switches.
Switch
Switch
A switch is an intelligent hub. Instead of broadcasting the message to all nodes it rather only forwards the message to the intended recipient.
Bridge
A bridge connects two parts of the same network. A network engineer would install a bridge on either side of a high traffic[restricted bandwidth] link between two network segments in order to make the most effective use possible of the limited available bandwidth. The bridge will examine each packet and only allow it onto the line between the two bridge devices if the header of that packet contains an IP address that is on the other network segment. This ensures that only the traffic that belongs on the link cable may use it.... resulting in a more efficient network.
Router
Router
A networking device used to link different networks together.
A router is similar in a switch in that it forwards packets based on address. But, instead of the MAC address that a switch uses, a router can use the IP address. This allows the network to go across different protocols.
The most common home use for routers is to share a broadband internet connection. The router has a public IP address and that address is shared with the network. When data comes through the router it is forwarded to the correct computer.
Repeater
Repeater
A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances.
Gateway
Gateway
A node on a network that provides access to another network by performing functions such as protocol translation.
Wireless Access Point
A device which allows nodes to connect wirelessly to a network
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