James Thomas Hines (1833 - c.1920)

James Thomas Hines (1833-after 1910 census).

When this website was created it was believed James died in 1889, later records revealed that he was alive during the 1910 Census. No death certificate has been located to date.

James was born in 1833 in Northampton County North Carolina. He was third of twelve children of Benjamin Jr. (1807) and Lucy Hines. James married Angeline Spiers. James and Angeline had four children. Elizabeth J. was born in Bertie County North Carolina in 1855. Angus Henderson was born on July 2, 1857 in Northampton County North Carolina, their second child, of whom more in a password protected section located on the first page of this website (he is a member of the direct family line researched here). William P. was born in Northampton County North Carolina in 1859.

North Carolina was reluctant to secede from the Union. In fact, it did not secede until May 20, 1861, after the fall of Fort Sumter and the secession of Virginia. James who was about 29 at the time, his brothers, John Henry, and George Washington, enlisted in Company C. 3rd Battalion, North Carolina Light Artillery on February 28, 1862 in Wake County. Most of the 92 men that enlisted in Company C were from Herford and Bertie Counties. The unit suffered one desertion and seven deaths by disease before Confederate Muster. He mustered in as a Sergeant on March 27th, 1862 under the command of Captain Thomas Capehart Company C (Capehart's Battery) into state service at Camp Mangum, near Raleigh. Most Confederate batteries initially took the field with about 60 horses and 85 men, but the rigors of battle and disease forced many units to function with less most of the time. North Carolina did not have the manufacturing capabilities like the one at Tredegar Iron Works of Richmond.

http://www.tredegar.org/the_story/ts_overview(new).html

It was necessary for the State to send newly formed batteries north to train near Richmond. On March 28th the battalion was ordered to Camp Lee for artillery training, just west of the city. The Tarheel artillery battalion was the only North Carolina artillery battalion to have been selected for such a prestigious assignment. The conditions at Camp Lee must have been somewhat spartan, since 12 men of the battalion died of disease in slightly less than five months. Camp Lee at this time was also the scene of execution for spies and deserters. The most famous of these hangings was Timothy Webster, one of Alan Pinkerton's agents in Richmond, who had the dubious distinction of being hanged twice.

From Camp Lee the battalion was ordered to Battery (redoubt No. 7) of the Richmond defenses. On June 26, 1862, General Robert E. Lee's forces attacked Fitz-John Porter's Federal V Corps near Mechanicsville Virginia, less than 6 miles from Reboubt No. 7. The sounds of battle could be clearly heard by the defenders in the fort, raising the prospect of fighting in the outskirts of Richmond. The forts around Richmond were the city's last line of defense and personnel manning them were ill-prepared to face a highly trained and well-equipped infantry force. On July 1, the retreating Union Army stopped at Malvern Hill to face the pursuing Confederates, and the bloody final engagement of the Seven Days' Battles were fought. As the conflict moved further from the Confederate Capital, the defenders in the Redoubts must have relaxed some, but the wagons transporting 20,000 dead and wounded through their lines to Richmond provided a stern reminder of the horrors of war.

On July 3rd, 1862 he was transferred to Company A of the same Battalion where he served as a Corporal. Still poised in the defenses of Richmond, the undersized battalion must have been anxious to get into action, and the chance finally came on August 20, 1862. Brigadier General William N. Pendleton, Chief of Artillery for the ANV ordered the 3rd Battalion to duty with Major General Lafayette McLaw's division. McLaws had just received orders to march to Hanover Junction, in conjunction with Robert E. Lee's movement to check Union Major General Pope's incursion into Northern Virginia. McLaws departed Richmond on the 23rd but the North Carolinians did not march with his command because they were waiting for harnesses for their horses. By September 9th 1862 the battalion had received all of its equipment but missed the battles of 2nd Manassas and Sharpsburg. On November 1, 1862 they moved toward Culpeper in order of march between the veteran battalions of Major William Nelson and Lieutenant Colonel Allen Sherod Cutts. Marching for Fredicksburg with the army on the 19th, the battalion would get its first taste of field duty in inclement weather. Within 15 miles of Fredericksburg, General Robert E. Lee's mindfulness of the weakened state of the defenses of Richmond resulted in an order on November 22, 1862 directing the battalion back to Richmond. The battalion had just spent almost three months with Lee's army and hadn't fired their guns in battle, or even unlimbered on a battlefield for that matter. On March 10, 1863 Captain Julian G. Moore was ordered to assume command of Company C and was at Wilmington and remained there until November 1863 when it was moved to Fort Caswell, Brunswick County. In May of 1863 Company C had 2-12 pound howitzers and 2-6 pound pound guns and Caisons and 44 Horses. On January 8, 1864 Company C was transferred from light artillery to heavy artillery service.

On September 21, 1864 Captain Moore was resigned and was replaced by Lieutenant John M. Sutton (Sutton's Battery). It remained at Fort Caswell until ordered to Fort Fisher (the largest Confederate fort) on December 24, 1864. The next day Company C was heavily engaged in the defense of the fort.

http://www.nchistoricsites.org/fisher/

Fort Fisher protected the vital trading routes of the port at Wilmington, North Carolina. The fort was located on one of Cape Fear River's two outlets to the Atlantic Ocean. Wilmington traded cotton and tobacco in exchange for foreign goods like munitions, clothing and foodstuffs. This nourished both the southern states and General Robert E. Lee's forces in Virginia. Trade was based on the coming and going of steamer ships of British smugglers. These vessels were called "blockade runners" because they had to avoid the Union's imposed maritime barricade. The first battle of Fort Fisher began at dawn on the morning of December 24, 1864. As a thick fog shrouds the ocean as the grand Union armada begins moving into battle position off Federal Point. A little after noon the union fleet (64 warships) opened the first bombardment of Fort Fisher.

The USS Colorado alone, with 52 guns, had more armament than all of Fort Fisher (which mounted a mere 47 heavy guns and mortars). The Federal fleet boasted more than 600 cannons. The Union fleet pounded Fort Fisher with an unprecedented naval bombardment, firing roughly 10,000 rounds of solid shot and explosive shell. Colonel Lamb's headquarters building was destroyed, and Confederate barracks and various outbuildings were set ablaze. Confederate return fire found its mark among the vessels of the fleet, and the massive shot-torn fort weathered the storm intact. As day dawned on Christmas Eve, Captain Sutton's Company C was still stationed at Fort Caswell on Oak Island. Later in the day they were ordered to Fort Fisher, arriving at Battery Buchanan in the late afternoon, but the bombardment kept them from marching to the fort until firing ceased at nightfall. Awestruck would probably best describe the feelings of Captain John A Sutton and the men of Company C, as they climbed up the steps leading to the parapet of Shepherd's Battery on the morning of December 25, 1864.

Awaiting them in the first gun chamber of the battery were a10-inch Columbiad and an ancient 6.4-inch smoothbore that had been rifled and banded, with the second gun chamber holding two 8-inch smoothbore seaoast howitzers. Sutton's artillerists stood on the wood deck, about twenty-three feet above the sandy beach, with protective traverses on either side of the chambers that towered another ten feet above them.. On Christmas day about 10:20am the incessant naval bombardment of Fort Fisher resumerd and Union warships hurled another 10,000 rounds upon the beleaguered bastion. Captain's Sutton's Company C was the recipient of the U.S.S. Kansas shelling, the gunboat expended 577 rounds of ammunition in the two days of shelling from it's 100 pound rifle and IX-inch Dahlgren rounds. Union infantry force lands but was effectively thwarted when Confederate reinforcements arrive, and on December 27 Union forces withdraw. Manning the four guns in Shepherd's battery on the extreme left of the fort, Company C had ten men wounded and three of their guns disabled. There is only one known report by an officer of Moore's Battalion during the Civil War. It is presented below:

Report of Capt. John M. Sutton, Third North Carolina Artillery Battalion. Fort Caswell, December 29, 1864

LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to report that on Sunday, the 25th of December, I commanded the four guns on the extreme left of Fort Fisher - Shepherd's battery: One 10-inch Columbiad, one 32-pounder rifle; two 8 inch seacoast howitzers. The 32-pounder was under the immediate command of Lieutenant Faison; the howitzers commanded by Lieutenant Frame. The 10-inch and one 8-inch were dismounted, and the carriage of the other 8-inch struck by a shell. I had 8 privates and 2 non-commissioned officers wounded, 3 of the privates by falling of a gun, the others by the enemy's shell. At night I commanded a 6-pounder at the gate on the extreme left. J.M SUTTON. Captain, Comdg. Company C, Third North Carolina Artillery Battalion.

On January 13, 1865 a group of Union gunboats began shelling the peninsula at a point 4 miles north of Fort Fisher. On the same day a second massive bombardment of Fort Fisher began. Using hundreds of gigs and launches, 9,000 Union Troops began their second amphibious landing on Federal Point. This was the largest amphibious operation until the Second World War. The confederate garrison at Fort Fisher had approximately 1,900 men when the Union attacked late in the day on January 14th. Driven by sheer weight of numbers, the Federals pour over the crest of the battery. Shepherd's Battery was in shambles, all of its guns having been destroyed or dismounted. Sutton's artillerists now had no big guns to bring to bear on the Union forces massing before the fort and would take their positions on the parapets as infantry, an eventuality for which they had been trained. As Sutton and his men gathered their muskets and infantry accoutrements, they scarcely could have known that the three years they had spent idly in camps and fortifications had come down to this moment: one climactic battle to keep the lifeline to the Confederacy open. The Confederates were outnumbered. There were approximately 350 soldiers at the fort's western end. 4,243 surging union troops attacked this part of the fort at about 3:50pm near it's most vulnerable point, the riverside gate. The Federal onslaught was so overpowering that the small force could not hold it back. In desperation, the Confederates unleash a long-range fire from guns at Battery Buchanan, at the base of the peninsula. These incoming rounds rained down on the western salient, killing and maiming friend and foe alike.

A small detachment of Company C, under Lieutenant Alfred M. Darden, joined Companies A and B at Fort Anderson.

By 9:30pm that evening shouts of triumph from the Federals were clearly audible along the lower peninsula, and by 10:00pm the air above the Atlantic was alive with rockets and fireworks of all colors, as Union Forces celebrated the capture of Fort Fisher. Captain Sutton's battery suffered three killed, fourteen wounded and captured, and 46 unharmed men were taken prisoner, for a total casualty count of 63. Of the 60 men captured, fourteen died in captivity.

There remains, in all of the fog of war enveloping Fort Fisher that fateful night, an intriguing fact. Despite being surrounded by water on three sides and the Union Army blocking the road to Wilmington, some of the Confederates managed to escape the fort. Scattered detachments from several units made their way to Battery Lamb on Reeves Point. At 5:17 P.M. Lietenant J.J. Bright informed General Hebert that there were some forty or fifty men at Battery Lamb who had "made their escape from Fisher; some wounded." James Thomas Hines was admitted to a hospital in Wilmington on January 23, 1865 for two days. With the fall of Fort Fisher, Wilmington's days were numbered. About 6,600 Confederate troops under Major General Robert Hoke held Fort Anderson and a line of works that prevented the Federals from advancing up the Cape Fear River. A small detachment of Company C, under Lieutenant Alfred M. Dardlen, joined Companies A and B at Fort Anderson. Here the battalion was placed under command of Colonel John J. Hedrick, 40th Regiment N.C. Troops. On February 19 Fort Anderson was evacuated after a spirited engagement, and the units retired to Town Creek where they halted to engage the advancing army before continuing the retreat. Retiring to Wilmington, the troops under Colonel Hedrick united with General Braxton Bragg's command and continued to retire westward. During the night of February 21-22, General Braxton Bragg ordered the evacuation of Wilmington, burning cotton, tobacco, and government stores. On March 7 the Union Advance was stopped by Hoke's and Hagood's divisions under General Braxton Bragg's command at Southwest Creek below Kinston. On the 8th the Confederates attempted to seize the initiative by attacking the Union flanks. After intial success, the Confederate attacks stalled because of faulty communications. On March 9th the Union forces were reinforced and beat back Bragg's renewed attacks on the 10th after heavy fighting. Bragg withdrew across the Neuse River and was unable to prevent the fall of Kinston on March 14th. Total forces engaged here were 12,000 Union and 8,500 Confederate (1,500 causalities). The Company C battalion was engaged on the field at Bentonville, North Carolina on March 19, 1865. This was the largest land battle ever fought in North Carolina and was the last major Confederate offensive of the Civil War.

In March of 1865 Union General William T. Sherman and 60,000 Federal troops were in North Carolina. Sherman was marching his troops north from Fayettesville. His goal was to march to Virginia and join forces with General Grant. The Union men were divided into two wings of 30,000 men. Confederate General Joseph E. Johnson was in command of about 20,000 Confederate forces. On March 18th Johnson received a message from Lieutenant General Wade Hampton telling of making contact with one wing of Sherman's army. On March 19 Johnson's troops charged as the Union army marched on Goldsboro Road, two miles south of Bentonville. They attacked the Federal left wing but failed to overrun the Union line.

Nightfall stopped the attack and the rest of Sherman's army arrived on March 20th. During the rainy night of March 21 Johnson learned that the Union troops were at full strength and with no chance of success began to withdraw his men towards Smithfield. Also on March 21st Union Major General Joseph A. Mower launched an unauthorized attack on the Confederate left flank, which was defending Mill Creek Bridge. Mower's men managed to come within one mile of the crossing before Sherman peremptorily ordered them to pull back. In his Memoirs, Sheman admitted that this was a mistake and that he missed an opportunity to end the campaign then and there, perhaps capturing Johnson's army entirely. During the night, Johnson withdrew his army across Mill Creek and burned the bridge behind him. Sherman took little notice and did not pursue the Confederates. General Johnson met with Major General William T. Sherman near Durham, North Carolina on April 17, 1865 to declare an armistice for the purpose of arranging the terms of surrender. Company C remained with the army under General Joseph E. Johnston and was surrendered on April 26, 1865. The state of North Carolina surrendered on April 28, 1865 and that is when James left the army. Company C was paroled at Greensboro on May 1, 1865. Fewer than 8,500 muskets were turned in at Greensborough indicating an unwillingness on the part of the majority of the men to return to their homes without the means with which to defend their families. It had been a long journey for most of the artillerists, many of whom had been present at the first muster at Camp Mangum, exactly 37 months to the day they surrendered their guns at Greensborough.

On the 20th day of December 1865, A.P. Hines of Hertford County, North Carolina purchased land of approximately 10? acres for the sum of one hundred dollars from John W. Moore and his wife Ann (bounded on the road leading from St. John's to Murfreesboro).

The Gilded Age refers to substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War, in the late 19th century (1865-1901). The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial and population expansion. The businessmen of the Second Industrial Revolution created industrial towns and cities in the Northeast with new factories, and contributed to the creation of an ethnically diverse industrial working class which produced the wealth owned by rising super-rich industrialists and financiers such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Henry Flagler, and J.P. Morgan. Their critics called them "robber barons", referring to their use of overpowering and sometimes unethical financial manipulations. There was a small, growing labor union movement, led in part by Samuel Gompers, who created the American Federation of Labor (AFL), founded in 1886. It featured very close contests between the Republicans and Democrats, with occasional third parties. Nearly all the eligible men were political partisans and voter turnout often exceeded 90% in some states.

This period also witnessed the creation of a modern industrial economy. A national transportation and communication network was created, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization, and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. By the beginning of the twentieth century, per capita income and industrial production in the United States exceeded that of any other country except Britain. Long hours and hazardous working conditions led many workers to attempt to form labor unions despite strong opposition from industrialists and the courts.

Annie Laura Hines (1869-1911) their last child was born on March 7, 1869. On the 10th day of January 1872 George W. Hines Hertford County, North Carolina purchase land (known as the Wineford Taylor tract of Land) of approximately 15 acres for the sum of $ 200.00 from Benjamin and Sarah F. Spiers (bounded on the west by the road leading from Murfreesboro to Benthalls Bridge, on the south by C. Porter and on the east and north east by Watson and Carter lands and on the north by W Parker). On the 1st day of January 1876 James T. Hines of Hertford County, North Carolina purchased land of approximately 10 acres for the sum of $ 40.00 from Mrs. Sarah F. Spiers (adjoining the land of Perry Carter, Mrs. Sarah F. Spiers, John Hanell).

Alexander Graham Bell (3 March 1847 – 2 August 1922) was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone. Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876. In retrospect, Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.

The incandescent light bulb is a source of electric light that works by incandescence (a general term for heat-driven light emissions which includes the simple case of black body radiation). An electric current passes through a thin filament, heating it until it produces light. The enclosing glass bulb prevents the oxygen in air from reaching the hot filament, which otherwise would be destroyed rapidly by oxidation. After many experiments with platinum and other metal filaments, Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on October 22, 1879, and lasted 40 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and by November 4, 1879, filed for U.S. patent 223,898 (granted on January 27, 1880) for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected to platina contact wires". It was not until several months after the patent was granted that Edison and his team discovered a carbonized bamboo filament that could last over 1,200 hours.

On the 9th day of February 1885 James T. Hines and his wife Angeline sold land in Hertford County, North Carolina of approximately 10 acres for the sum of $ 150.00 dollars to Jacob H. Pool of Hertford County (adjoining the land of BB Winborne, Mrs. Sarah F. Spiers, John W Harrell). After he moved from North Carolina it is believed he lived at a home called "Fortsville" near Emporia, Virginia. The Unique architecture of this home can be traced back to the James Semple House located in Williamsburg Virginia. The Semple house was designed by Thomas Jefferson in 1770.

Fortsville is a two story structure on a brick foundation with two brick chimney's and is situated on 2,000 acres. It was owned in the early 19th century by John Young Mason. Mr. Mason served three terms in Congress (1831-1837) before holding various state and federal judgeships. The Virginian also served as U.S. Secretary of Navy in 1844 and Attorney General in 1849. The last six years of his life Mason was U.S. ambassador to France.

Fortsville near Emporia Virginia 2008

In the Courtland Courthouse there is a parcel map of the "Fortsville" tract of land. The top of the undated map indicates "Fortsville" is owned by W.P. Hines which is probably the son of James as indicated above. Annie Laura Hines married John Baker Felts (1868-1954) on February 2, 1892.

Lloyd Quinby Hines, James Thomas Great Grandson recalls a story that placed James Thomas civil war sword in the basement of this home and was used to cut cheese. He also indicated that James died in Boykins, Virginia, his body was taken from there by horse and buggy to Fortsville for burial. There have been to date several unsuccessful attempts to locate the grave.

The Progressive Era in the United States was a period of reform which lasted from the 1890s to the 1920's. Responding to the changes brought about by industrialization, the Progressives advocated a wide range of economic, political, social, and moral reforms. Initially the movement was successful at local level, and then it progressed to state and gradually national. Both the reformers and their opponents were predominantly members of the middle class. Significant changes achieved at the national levels included the income tax with the Sixteenth Amendment, direct election of Senators with the Seventeenth Amendment, Prohibition with the Eighteenth Amendment, and women's suffrage through the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Muckrakers were journalists who exposed waste, corruption, and scandal in the highly influential new medium of national magazines, such as McClure's. Progressives shared a common belief in the ability of science, technology and disinterested expertise to identify problems and come up with the best solution. Progressives moved to enable the citizenry to rule more directly and circumvent political bosses; California, Wisconsin, and Oregon took the lead. California governor Hiram Johnson established the initiative, referendum, and recall, viewing them as good influences for citizen participation against the historic influence of large corporations on state assembly. About 16 states began using primary elections. Many cities set up municipal reference bureaus to study the budgets and administrative structures of local governments. In Illinois, Governor Frank Lowden undertook a major reorganization of state government. In Wisconsin, the stronghold of Robert LaFollette, the Wisconsin Idea, used the state university as the source of ideas and expertise. Characteristics of progressivism included a favorable attitude toward urban-industrial society, belief in mankind's ability to improve the environment and conditions of life, belief in obligation to intervene in economic and social affairs, and a belief in the ability of experts and in efficiency of government intervention. In 1913, Henry Ford, adopted the moving assembly line, with each worker doing one simple task in the production of automobiles. Taking his cue from developments during the progressive era, Ford offered a very generous wage—$5 a day—to his workers, arguing that a mass production enterprise could not survive if average workers could not buy the goods. However, the wage increase did not extend to women, and Ford expanded the company's Sociological Department to monitor his workers and ensure that they did not spend their new found bounty on "vice and cheap thrills

The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were two Americans who are generally credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903. They are also officially credited worldwide through the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, the standard-setting and record-keeping body for aeronautics and astronautics, as "the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight." In the two years afterward, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not the first to build and fly experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing flight possible. The brothers' fundamental breakthrough was their invention of three-axis control, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium. This method became standard and remains standard on fixed-wing aircraft of all kinds. From the beginning of their aeronautical work, the Wright brothers focused on unlocking the secrets of control to conquer "the flying problem," rather than developing more powerful engines as some other experimenters did. Their careful wind tunnel tests produced better aeronautical data than any before, enabling them to design and build wings and propellers more effective than any before. Their U.S. patent 821,393 claims the invention of a system of aerodynamic control that manipulates a flying machine's surfaces.

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