Joshua Hines (1750-1779)
Joshua Hines (1750-1779)
Joshua was born in 1750 in Southampton County, Virginia. He was the second of nine children of John (1713) and Elizabeth Hines. In John Hines' (1713) Will it states "Item: I give and bequeath to my son Joshua Hines the other half of the land I now Live on after the death of my wife, also I give my said son Joshua the first foal that the old mare shall bring to him and his heirs together. On November 9, 1774 Joshua bought 83 acres from William and Sarah Scoggin on the south side of the Assamoosok Swamp, bought by William Bosman in 1772, adjacent to John Kirby, John Brown, David Cotton. In 1755 there were 2009 people listed as subject to tithe in Southampton which represented a population of about 4000 whites and 2000 Blacks. Except for a few whose occupation was flour miling or coopering, virtually every family's occupation was farming. Many of these supplemented their family income seasonally by collecting tar, pitch, and turpentine from the abundant pine forests. The only formal educational institution known to have existed in Southampton during the colonial era wsa the boarding school operated at Broadwater by Samuel Nelson. His advertisement in the Virginia Gazette in 1771 boasted that the school offered Latin, Greek, and French along with geography and astonomy. Some of the wealthier planters had the services of tutors or else sent their sons away to schools at Williamsburg or elsewhere.
Joshua was married in 1775 to Lucy Foster, born 1755, a daughter of William and Elizabeth Brown Foster. The will of Jean Brown, dated September 5, 1789 in Southampton County mentions Benjamin (born 1776) and Henry (born 1778) Hines, both said to be sons of Joshua and Lucy Foster Hines. The will of Olive Brown, dated October 9, 1794 in Southampton County mentions Lucy Brown Hines, Olive Brown being her grandmother. The will of John Brown, dated October 23, 1780, apparently Lucy's grandfather, was witnessed by Lucy Hines.
The Battle of Great Bridge was fought December 9, 1775, in the area of Chesapeake, Virginia, during the American Revolutionary War. The victory by the Continental Army was responsible for removing Lord Dunmore and any other vestige of British Government for the Colony of Virginia during the early days of the Revolution. Shortly thereafter, Norfolk, (at the time a Tory center) was captured and destroyed, cementing Continental hold on Virginia
The Burning of Norfolk was an incident that occurred during the American Revolutionary War. On January 1, 1776, by the order of John Murray, Earl of Dunmore, Royal Governor of the Colony of Virginia, the British ships in Norfolk Harbor began shelling the town with heated shot and hollow shells containing live coals, with the express purpose of burning the town to the ground. Five days after the Battle of Great Bridge, the victorious Patriot Colonel William Woodford, and his 2nd Virginia Regiment occupied the town of Norfolk. Most of the inhabitants were Loyalists, and they fled to the British ships that were in the harbor. Severe overcrowding soon led to deaths from disease and starvation. The occupying forces refused requests for provisions, and were also taking pot shots at the ships. Dunmore announced that he would burn the town on January 1, 1776, and the shelling began at 4 a.m. Landing parties helped the fires along, as did the occupiers. When the flames finally burned out two days later, four-fifths of the once prosperous town “lay in ashes.
The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration is a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. The birthday of the United States of America—Independence Day—is celebrated on July 4, the day the wording of the Declaration was approved by Congress.
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America
When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. — Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected, whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefit of Trial by Jury:
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:
For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & Perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these united Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States, that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. — And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.
New Hampshire:
Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton
Massachusetts:
John Hancock, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry
Rhode Island:
Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery
Connecticut:
Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott
New York:
William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris
New Jersey:
Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark
Pennsylvania:
Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross
Delaware:
Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean
Maryland:
Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton
Virginia:
George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton
North Carolina:
William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn
South Carolina:
Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton
Georgia:
Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton
The Battle of Trenton took place on December 26, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War after General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton, New Jersey. The hazardous crossing in adverse weather allowed Washington to lead the main body of the Continental Army against Hessian soldiers garrisoned at Trenton. After a brief struggle, nearly the entire Hessian force was captured, with negligible losses to the Americans. The battle boosted the Continental Army's flagging morale, and inspired re-enlistments.
The Continental Army had previously suffered several defeats in New York and had been forced to retreat across to Pennsylvania via New Jersey. Morale in the army was low; in an attempt to save the army and end the year on a positive note, George Washington—Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army—devised a plan to cross the Delaware River on Christmas night and surround the Hessian garrison.
Most of Southamptons 1,200 white males and over 1000 free blacks saw service in the Revolutionary War. The American Revolutionary War occurred between 1775 and 1783. The Patriots were led by General George Washington. William Hines Sr.(1690) had a grandson named David Hines Jr(1749-1800) who reportedly served in the Continental Line during the Revolution.
http://myrevolutionarywar.com/index.htm
Benjamin Hines (1776-1829) their 1st child, of whom more below (he is a direct descendant of the family line researched here).
Many Southamptoners were called away as often as a half dozen times in the seven years of the war. Lord Dunmore's activities around Norfolk including the destruction of the city in January 1776 drew levies from Southampton including Henry Taylor's minutemen who occupied a station at Suffolk for a while during the winter. When the company was discharged during March of that year it was replaced by Thomas Ridley's regulars. The port of South Quay with several warehouses for storing tobacco, pork, and other products had attained major significance in the Virginia economy.
The Battle of Princeton (January 3, 1777) was a battle in which General Washington's revolutionary forces defeated British forces near Princeton, New Jersey. On the night of January 2, General George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, repulsed a British attack at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek. That night, he evacuated his position and went to attack the British garrison at Princeton. General Hugh Mercer, of the Continental Army, clashed with two Regiments under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood of the British Army. Mercer and his troops were overrun and Washington sent some Militia under General John Cadwalader to help him. The Militia, on seeing the flight of Mercer's men, also began to flee. Washington rode up with reinforcements and rallied the fleeing Militia. He led the attack on Mawhood's troops, driving them back. Mawhood gave the order to retreat and most of the troops tried to flee to Cornwallis in Trenton.
The Battle of Brandywine was a battle of the Philadelphia campaign of the American Revolutionary War fought on September 11, 1777, in the area surrounding Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. The battle, which was a decisive victory for the British, left Philadelphia, the revolutionary capital, undefended. The British captured the city on September 26, beginning an occupation that would last until June, 1778.
The Battle of Germantown, a battle in the Philadelphia campaign of the American Revolutionary War, was fought on October 4, 1777 at Germantown, Pennsylvania. The British victory in this battle ensured that Philadelphia, the capital of the revolutionary government of the Thirteen Colonies, would remain in British hands throughout the winter of 1777-1778.
Henry Hines (1778-1868) born in Norfork Virginia. In 1805 he married Mary Polly Evans (1783-1817) and they had 6 children. He apparently lived in Warren County North Carolina and Patrick County Virginia. He married Lucinda Carter (1791-1834) on July 16, 1819 and they had 5 children.
Valley Forge (12/19/1777 -5/6/1778)
In May of 1778 British commander, General Clinton in Philadelphia, faced with a war with France decided it was prudent to protect New York City and Florida. He sent 3000 troops to protect Florida by sea. Then, on June 18, the British began to evacuate Philadelphia, crossing New Jersey to go to New York City. They had 11,000 troops, a thousand loyalists and a baggage train 12 miles (19 km) long. As the British advanced, the Americans made it painful for them. They started burning bridges, muddying wells and cutting trees across roads. General Lee advised to await developments as he didn't want to commit the army against the British regulars. In spite of Lee, Washington was determined that the British were vulnerable to attack as they spread out across the state with their baggage trains, and moved from Valley Forge into New Jersey in pursuit.
General Washington was still undecided as to whether we should risk an attack on the British column while it was on the march. We held a meeting of his command staff, the Council of War, and attempted to find some resolve in that matter. The council, however, was quite divided on the issue. The only unifying theme was that none of Washington's generals advised in favor of a general action. Brig Gen "Mad" Anthony Wayne, the boldest of the staff, and Maj Gen Marquis de Lafayette, the youngest of the staff, urged for a partial attack on the British column while it was strung out on the road. Lee was still cautious. He advised only guerrilla action to harass the British column. On June 26, 1778, Washington sided with a more bold approach but did not go so far as issuing orders for a general action. He sent almost one-half of his army as an advance force to strike at the rear of the British when Clinton made the imminent move out of Monmouth Courthouse, which occurred on June 28, 1778. The Continental Army moved on northeast from Valley Forge to attack. General Charles Lee was handed the command, and elements of his command -- General Wayne's brigade supported by General Knox's artillery -- attacked the British column's flank. When the British turned to attack him, Lee ordered a general retreat, and his soldiers soon became disorganized. Washington sent the dejected Lee to the rear, then personally rallied the troops and repelled two counterattacks referred to as "Washington's Advance". The battle was a standoff. With a high of over 100 ° both sides lost almost as many men to heat stroke as to the enemy. Both sides retired at nightfall. Eventually exhaustion forced Clinton to call off the attack. Washington tried to organize a counterattack, but the daylight had begun to fade and our exhausted troops could fight on no longer. By about six in the evening the fighting was over. Clinton was happy that his main objective of the day, to cover his retreat, had been achieved. The next morning the Americans woke to find the British had slipped away during the night. The rest of the march to Sandy Hook went without incident, and on July 1 the British army reached the safety of New York City, from where they were evacuated to New York.
This battle was the first test of Steuben's re-trained Continental troops. They withstood the trial well given the conditions due to Steuben's knowledge of Prussian Army training programs. The battle was technically a tactical draw, as it had no particular benefit for either side, but the Americans claimed victory being left on the field, with the British having withdrawn. The battle was the last major engagement of the northern theater, and the largest one-day battle of the war when measured in terms of participants. Lee was later court-martialed for his actions at the Village Inn located in the center of Englishtown. He was found guilty. Monmouth is considered the second of two major battles over the course of the war in which Washington's army faced British Regulars on straightforward terms, in a set-piece field battle and were not defeated.
Joshua Hines apparently did not leave a Will and at this time there is no explanation for his early death at the age of twenty-nine years prior to March of 1779. In March 1779 there is a record in the Southampton County Order Books indicating that the Inventory of the estate of Joshua Hines was returned and ordered to be recorded.
The Burning of Suffolk 13 May 1779
"As soon as it was learned that the British had arrived in Hampton Roads the militia of Nansemond were called out, and Suffolk was the place of rendezvous. Only about 200 men were marshaled for the occasion, armed with such weapons as they could procure from their own homes. This little army, headed by Colonel Willis Riddick, proceeded about eight miles on the Norfolk road, and camped in front of Captain James Murdaugh's house. During this expedition three well-mounted young Virginians -- Josiah Riddick, Thos. Granbury, and Thos. Brittle -- had been dispatched to reconnoitre the enemy. They were surprised and made prisoners just below Hall's mill, in Norfolk county, and conveyed to New York, where they remained as prisoners of war for eighteen months. On this account the forces under Colonel Riddick were kept in ignorance of the numbers and movements of the enemy. Being surprised by the approach of the British, they retreated in haste to Suffolk, and every man was admonished to take care of himself. History says: The most of the inhabitants had secured their valuables and fled from their homes, while ruthless devastation attended the match of the British. They set fire to the town, and nearly the whole of it was consumed. Several hundred barrels of tar, pitch, turpentine, and rum had been left on lots contiguous to the wharf. The heads being knocked out, and their contents catching the blaze, ran down to the river like torrents of burning lava. As the wind blew with great violence from the wharf, these inflammable substances rapidly floated to the other shore in a splendid state of conflagration, which they communicated to the thick and decaying herbage of an extensive marsh, the growth of the preceding year. This immense sheet of fire added to the undulating flames which ascended from the burning houses in the town, the explosion at intervals of the gunpowder in the magazines and the projection through the air of large pieces of ignited timber, flying like meteors in every direction, conspired to form a collective scene of horror and sublimity, such as could not be viewed without indescribable emotions."
The British soldiers tramped out the White Marsh Road to the residence of the colonel-commandant of the militia and set fire "to his dwelling, barn, and outhouses, in which said public property was stored, and destroyed not only the public property and the buildings but his furniture, corn, bacon, etc,"
The Siege of Charleston was one of the major battles which took place towards the end of the American Revolutionary War, after the British began to shift their strategic focus towards the Southern Colonies. As a defeat, it was the biggest loss of troops suffered by the Continental Army in the war. By contrast, General Washington avoided attempts to match force on force and adroitly avoided getting his forces pinned strategically so the superior British communications could assemble a crushing blow. At the same time, Washington, at the least with his aide and sub-commander General Lafayette, was cognizant of efforts to bring in the Kingdom of France against the British.
The Battle of Waxhaws is the name of a battle that took place on May 29, 1780, in South Carolina, between a Patriot force led by Abraham Buford and a mainly Loyalist force led by Banastre Tarleton. After reports of Tarleton ignoring the surrender of Buford's troops, the American colonists began to call the battle "The Waxhaw Massacre".
Lord Cornwallis moving in a wide arc up from North Carolina and south along the James in the summer of 1781 caused concern throughout central and southeastern Virginia. In July Tartleton's cavalry, seven hundred strong and one of the most feared fighting units in the British army, galloped into South Quay and destroyed houses in which were a considerable quantity of private stores including rum, tobacco, sugar, ship rigging and other valuable property. When they retreated toward Suffolk in late July the British left South Quay a smoldering ruin.
There is a newspaper article about William Hines (1735-1816) grandson of William Hines Sr. (1690-1760) in the Baltimore Sun dated December 22, 1907. Colonel William Hines as he was known inherited land from his parents and during his lifetime expanded it, becoming a large landowner. He was Magistrate and High Sheriff for Southampton County for many years. During the Revolution he was part owner of many privateers sailing from South Quay on the Blackwater River, and in ports in North Carolina. The cellar of his house was said to have contained guns for the patriot troops, which caused Cornwallis to issue an order that the plantation be burned, which fortunately was recinded. His wife was the daughter of Samuel Blow and Martha Drew Blow.
The Siege of Yorktown or Battle of Yorktown in 1781 was a decisive victory by combined assault of American forces led by General George Washington and French forces led by General Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by General Lord Cornwallis. It proved to be the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War, as the surrender of Cornwallis’s army (the second major surrender of the war, the other being Burgoyne's surrender at the Battle of Saratoga) prompted the British government to eventually negotiate an end to the conflict.
Henry Hines Sr (1732 -1810 ) This Henry is not the same Henry, son of Joshua, listed above. He is from another Hines family line that came to America via Ireland and England in the 17th Century; enlisted in the Revolutionary War on Feb 4 1778 and served as a private in Capt. Carlton Payne's company, Col Richard Parker's 1st Virgina Regiment, serving until Feb. 1779.