Python Notes

Basis

• Local and Global (global) Variables.

• Input: input

  • the input function returns  a String

• Output: print

• Comments: # (single-line comments)

• Errors (Exceptions) and Error Handling

Data Types

• Show data type (type)

• Conversion: int (convert to integer), float (convert to float), str (convert to string), list (convert to list)

• Numbers

  • Types: integer (int), float (float), complex

  • Operations

    • +, -, *,  /

    • ** (power),  

    • // (floor division)

    • % (modulus).

  • Assignment: =, +=, -=, *=, /=,**=...

• Strings, Lists, and Tuples

• Sets and Dictionaries

• Regular Expression (regex)

Structures

• Conditionals

  • Logical comparators: == (equal), != (not equal to), >, <, >=, <=

  • Logical  operators: and, or, not

  • True and False Values

    • All following values are consider false.

      • None

      • False

      • zero of any numeric type, for example, 0, 0L, 0.0, 0j.

      • any empty sequence, for example, '', (), [].

      • any empty mapping, for example, {}.

      • instances of user-defined classes, if the class defines a __nonzero__() or __len__() method, when that method returns the integer zero or bool value False. 

    • All other values are considered true.

  • Short Circuit Evaluation

  • If Statements

• Loops

  • For Loops

  • While Loops

  • break (exit the nearest loop)

  • continue (go to the next iteration)

Functions

• Common Pre-defined Functions

• User Defined Functions

• Functions that return multiple values will be packaged in the form of a tuple

• *args and **kwargs

Files

• Reading and Writing Text Files

Classes

• Basic Class Structure

• Inheritance

Modules

• Import: import, from ... import

• Python Standard Library: 

  • random (random number)

  • math (math functions), 

  • datetime (date and time)

  • time (time)

    • time.sleep(secs)

  • threading (Timer)

  • os (Operating System)

  • re (Regular expression operations)

  • csv (.csv files)

  • glob (Unix style pathname pattern expansion)

  • statistics (statistics)

• External libraries

  • bs4 (Beautiful Soup, parsing HTML)

  • numpy (arrays and mathematical computations)

  • pandas

    • Series

  • matplotlib 

• Course Specific:

  • turtle (graphing)

  • simplegui (graphical user interface)

• installing library %pip install <library_name>

Data Structures

• Array

• Stack

• Queue

• Linked List

• Binary Tree

Algorithms

• Searching

  • Sequential

  • Binary

• Sorting

  • Selection

  • Insertion

  • Mergesort

Jupiter Notebook

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