«Англійська мова. Розмовні теми» (Практичний посібник)
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«Англійська мова. Розмовні теми» (Практичний посібник). Укладник Сизько B.C., вчитель англійської мови. Донецьк. Донецька спеціалізована фізико - математична школа І - III ступенів №17 Донецької міської ради Донецької області, 2009р.
Методична розробка «Англійська мова. Розмовні теми» (практичний посібник) представлена зразками розмовних тем, які охоплюють аспекти життя людини з блоку «Мій світ. My World», та відповідають чинній програмі з англійської мови для учнів середніх загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів.
Розробка переслідує головну мету навчання англійської мови - формування в учнів комунікативних компетентностей, забезпечує оволодіння учнями 9 -11/12 класів мовним матеріалом з метою використання його в усному і писемному мовленні.
Методична розробка «Англійська мова. Розмовні теми», укладник вчитель англійської мови Сизько B.C., може бути корисною для вчителів, студентів вузів, які цікавляться вивченням англійської мови.Дана розробка представлена зразками розмовних тем, які охоплюють аспекти життя людини з блоку «Мій світ (My World)» та повністю відповідають чинній Програмі з англійської мови для учнів середніх загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів та рівню володіння іноземною мовою (англійською) згідно з «Загальноєвропейськими Рекомендаціями з мовної освіти: вивчення, викладання, оцінювання». Теми методичної розробки охоплюють особистісну. публічну та освітню сфери та тематику ситуативного спілкування, розвивають лексичні, граматичні та фонетичні лінгвістичні компетенції учнів та студентів. Розмовні теми дозволяють сформувати в учнів комунікативну компетенцію - монологічне мовлення, базою якої є тексти та лексика як пасивного так і активного лексичного мінімуму. Його успішне засвоєння формує мовну (лінгвістичну) компетенцію, яка забезпечує оволодіння учнями мовним матеріалом з метою використання його в усному і писемному мовленні, зокрема під час зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання з англійської мови.
Тексти-теми та тематичний лексичний матеріал базуються на тематичному словникові англійської мови Longman Essential Activator Dictionary, що забезпечує спільну основу відповідно Рекомендацій Ради Європи з мовної підготовки тих, хто оволодіває англійською мовою, щоб користуватися нею для спілкування.
Методична розробка «Англійська мова. Розмовні теми», укладник викладач англійської мови Сизько B.C., призначена допомогти учням та вчителям середніх загальноосвітніх шкіл підготуватися до олімпіади з англійської мови (розділ «Визначення рівня усної мовної компетенції») та може служити зразком для виконання завдання з розгорнутою відповіддю тесту з англійської мови для зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання, що передбачає створення власного висловлювання в письмовій формі до запропонованих комунікативних ситуацій.
Матеріали методичної розробки будуть корисними усім, хто вивчає та викладає англійську мову. . Методична розробка «Англійська мова. Розмовні теми» була апробована викладачем англійської мови Сизько B.C. на курсах підготовчого відділення Донецького Інституту Туристичного Бізнесу в 2008 - 2009 навчальному році.
Студенти підготовчого відділення добре засвоїли програму навчання та підготовки до зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання, де всі учні показали добрі результати, пройшли державний тест з англійської мови та були зараховані на денну форму навчання.
Рецензент : Філатова О.В. Завідувач кафедри іноземних мов Донецького інститут туристичного бізнесу, кандидат філологічних наук, доцент.
Содержание.Темы.
1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2.THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
3.LONDON
4.TRADITIONS & CUSTOMS OF GREAT BRITAIN
5.HOLIDAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN
6.Holidays in the USA
7.SCIENCE IN OUR LIFE
8.YOUR PASTIME AND HOBBY
9.The British press
10.At the Library
11.BOOKS IN MY LIFE
12.MY HOME IS MY CASTLE
13.My pet
14.ABOUT MYSELF
15.My birthday
16.I help about the house
17.New Year party
18.Seasons
19.Summer is wonderful
20.My summer holidays
21.MY FRIEND
22.My friend
23.We ought to take care of everything that nature gives us
24.We like to travel
25.KEEPIHG FIT AND DOING SPORTS
26.Sport is good for all
27.Planning a day
28.LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGE
29.Choosing a career
30.Computers in our life.
1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousands small islands. Their total area is over 244 000 square kilometers. The United Kingdom is one of the world's smallest countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80 percent of the population is urban. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech Great Britain is used in the meaning of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital of the UK. is London. The British Isles are separated from the Continent by the North Sea and the British Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands. The South, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but the eastern, central and south- eastern parts of England are a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m) . There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It produces and exports machinery, electronics, textile. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliament and the Queen as Head of State.
To be situated - располагаться
To consist of-состоять из
Island - остров
Urban-сельский
Include-включать
Meaning- значение
To separate- разделять
To be washed by- омываться
Surface- поверхность
To be called- называться
A plain- равнина A mountain- гора, вершина To be important-быть важным To influence- влиять
To be a developed country- быть развитой страной
To produce- производить
Chief-главный Monarchy - монархия
Shipbuilding- кораблестроение
THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
Part2
The UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland occupies the territory of the British Isles. It consists of 4 main countries which are England, Scotland, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff and Belfast.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the state which is sometimes referred to as Great Britain or Britain (after it major island), England (after its major historic part or the British Isles.
The UK is an Island state it is composed of some 5.500 islands, large and small. The two main islands are: Great Britain to the east and Ireland to the west. They are separated by the Irish Sea. The area of the UK is 244,100 square kms. It is situated off to the Northwest coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the north and the North Sea on the east and is separated from the European continent by the English Channel (or La Manche) and the Straits of Dover (or Pas de Calais).
The population of the UK is over 57 mln people. The UK is inhabited by the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish who constitute the British nation. English is not the only language. Scottish, Welsh and Irish are also used.
The flag of the UK is known as the Union Jack. It has its history. It all began in 1603 when Scotland was joined to England and Wales. The flag is made up of 3 crosses. The upright cross is the Cross of St. George the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross is the cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. All of them are on the blue background. The national anthem is "God Save the Queen" . The national anthem is pound. Geographically the island of Great Britain is subdivided in two parts: Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises southern and eastern England. Highland Britain consists of Scotland, most of Wales, the Pennines (or the Pennine Chain) and the Lake District.
The highest mountain top is Ben Nevis in Scotland. The chief rivers of Great Britain are: the Severn, separating England and Wales, the Thames (the longest and the deepest one) . The
swiftest flowing river is the Spray. Also the Tweed is famous (the woollen fabric is made here).
There are many lakes in Great Britain. The Lake District is the most beautiful.
The largest cities are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Bristol, Leeds, Cardiff.
The capitals are: London in England, Edinburgh in Scotland, Cardiff in Wales and Belfast in Northern Ireland.
Every country has its own national emblem. The red rose is the national emblem of England the thistle is the national emblem of Scotland the daffodils and the leek are the emblems of Wales and the shamrock (a kind of clover) is the emblem of Ireland.
occupies the territory-занимает территорию
is referred to-относится к
it is composed-состоит из
the population- население
to be inhabited -проживать ,населять
to constitute the British nation.-составлять Британскую нацию
was joined- была присоединена
the national anthem-национальный гимн
is subdivided-делится на
the highest mountain top —самая высокая горная вершина
the swiftest flowing rrver- самая быстрая река
national emblem - национальный герб(эмблема
thistle-чертополох
the daffodils and the leek-нарцисс и лук-порей
the shamrock-трилистник (вuд клевера)
2.THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The Unites States of America are situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast - by the Atlantic Ocean. The total area of the USA is over nine million square kilometers. The population of the USA is more than 315 million people; most of the population lives in towns and cities. The USA is a very large country, so it has several different climatic regions. The coldest regions are in the north and north-east. The south has a subtropical climate. The United States is a land of rivers and lakes.. The northern state of Minnesota is the land of 10 000 lakes. The longest rivers in the USA are the Mississippi, the Missouri and the Rio Grande. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada.
The United States are rich in natural and mineral resources. It produces copper, oil, iron ore and coal. It is a highly-developed industrial and agricultural country. There are many big cities in the USA, such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and others. The national capital is Washington, D. C. Its population is about 5,7 million. Washington was built in the late eighteenth century especially as the centre of government. It was named after George Washington. The USA became the world leading country at the beginning of the twentieth century.
different climatic regions -различные климатические зоны
a subtropical climate-субтропический климат
natural and mineral resources-природные и минеральные ресурсы
copper, oil, iron ore and coal.-медь, нефть, ,руда и уголь
the national capital- национальная столица
to be named after- быть названным в честь
the world leading country-ведущая мировая держава
The USA
Part 2
The United States of America -the richest and one of the biggest countries in the world - has several names. People say "The United States", "The States", "America" or just "the USA" or "the US" .
There are fifty states in the USA and over 315 million people live in them. There is no "American climate" or "American countryside". Every part of the country is different, from Alaska in the north, covered with snow and ice, to tropical Florida in the south. The American Indians were the first people to live in that vast land. They had a fascinating, ancient culture, and rich traditions of language and customs. But then, the immigrants came. Most came from Europe, but there were also many from the Middle East and Africa. You can find almost everything in America. There are mountains and deserts, old churches and moon rockets, homes with three cars and homes with no electric lights at all. The United States is a young country. Its written history is only a few hundred years old. It is sometimes, in fact, called the "New World". Over the last four hundred years millions of people have come to start a new life in this "New World". Americans are not afraid of new ideas. They built the first skyscrapers and they put the first man on the Moon. They like to be modern. They like exciting, modern cities, new houses, and new cars. At the same time, Americans love old things. They like to visit historic houses and museums. They build old pioneer houses and remember the days of "Wild West". Americans are interested in old traditions, but they are good at making new traditions too.
countryside-сельская местность
to be covered with- быть покрытым
a fascinating, ancient culture- очаровательная .древняя культура
language and customs-язык и традиции
mountains and deserts-горы и пустыни
old churches and moon rockets-старые церкви и космические ракеты
skyscrapers-небоскребы
to be modern- быть современным
to be interested in old traditions- интересоваться старыми традициями
to be good at-хорошо уметь
3.LONDON
London is the capital of the United Kingdom, its economic, political and cultural centre. It is one of the world's most important ports and one of the largest cities in the world. London with its suburbs has a population of about 11 million people. London has been a capital for nearly a thousand years. Many of its ancient buildings still stand. The most famous of them are the Tower of London, where the crown jewels are kept, Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's Cathedral. Most visitors also want to see the Houses of Parliament, Buckingham Palace (the Queen's home with its Changing of the Guards) and the many magnificent museums. Once London was a small Roman town on the north bank of the Thames. Slowly it grew into one of the world's major cities. Exchange and the Bank of England are here, too. The East End is the district where mostly working people live. The old port area is now called "Docklands" . There are now new office buildings in Docklands, and Different areas of London seem like different cities. The West End is a rich man* world of shops, offices and theatres. The City of London is the district where most offices and banks are concentrated; the Royal thousands of new flats and houses. By the day the whole of London is busy. At night, offices are quiet and empty, but the West End stays alive, because this is where Londoners come to enjoy themselves. There are two opera houses here, several concert halls and many theatres, as well as cinemas. In nearby Soho the pubs, restaurants and night clubs are busy half the night.
Like all big cities, London has streets and concrete buildings, but It also has many big parks, full of trees, flowers and grass. In the middle of Hyde Park or Kensington Gardens you will think that you are in the country, miles away. Many people live outside the centre of London in the suburbs, and they travel to work in shops and offices by train, bus or underground.
magnificent museums-величественные музеи
to be a capital- быть столицей
economic, political and cultural centre- экономический, политический и культурный центр
to seem- казаться
world of shops, offices and theatres- мир магазинов, учреждений и театров
to have a population of - иметь население
an important port- важный порт
are concentrated- сконцентрированы
the crown jewels- королевские драгоценности
to be busy- быть занятым, оживленным, суетливым
to be quiet and empty-быть спокойным и пустынным
to enjoy-наслаждаться проводить время
the pubs, restaurants and night clubs-пабы ,рестораны и ночные клубы
concrete buildings-здания из бетона
4.TRADITIONS & CUSTOMS OF GREAT BRITAIN
Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In Britain traditions play more important part in the life of the people than in some other countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. It has been the law for about three hundred years that all the theatres are closed on Sundays no letters are delivered only a few Sunday papers are published.
To this day English families prefer cottage houses with gardens to flats in a modern house with central heating. English people like gardens. Sometimes the garden in front of the house is a little square covered with cement painted green (in imitation of grass) and a box of flowers. In English houses the fireplace has always been the centre of interest in a room. For many months of the year people like to sit round the fire and watch the dancing flames. Fireplaces are decorated with woodworks, there is a painting or a mirror over it. Above the fire there is usually a shelf with a clock and some photographs.
Holidays are especially rich in old traditions and are different in Scotland, Wales and England. Christmas is a great English national holiday and in Scotland it is not kept at all except by clerks in banks, all the shops and factories are working. But 6 days later on the New Year's Eve the Scots begin to enjoy themselves. People invite their friends to their houses and sit the old year out and the new year in. In England on New Year's Eve a lot of people go to Trafalgar Square, at midnight, they all cross their arms join hands and sing. People have parties too, they drink toasts to the New Year. Children are happy to have presents.
Four times a year the offices and banks in Britain are closed on Monday. These public holidays are known as Bank Holidays. The British like to spend holidays out of the town in the open air. They go to the sea-side or to amusements parks. Londoners often visit the Zoo, outside London they take their families to Hamsted Heath a large natural park too. There is usually a big fair with many different amusements for children merry-go-round, swing puppets shows, bright balloons. One must also speak about such holidays ass All Fools Day, Halloween Bonfire Night, St. Valentines Day and such tradition as Eisteddfod (a festival of which culture).
customs and traditions-обычаи и традиции to play an important part-играть важную роль
to be proud of-гордиться
to keep up- поддерживать, соблюдать
to deliver letters -доставлять письма
to publish- печатать
prefer cottage houses with gardens to flats- предпочитают дома с садом квартирам
central heating-центральное отопление
a fireplace-камин
fireplaces are decorated with woodworks- камины украшены деревянными изделиями
to be especially rich in-быть богатым на to sit the old year out and the new year in- провести старый и встретить новый год to drink toasts to-произнести тост (за, в честь)
amusement parks-парки развлечений
a big fair-большая ярмарка
5.HOLIDAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN
Every country and every nation has own traditions and customs. It's very important to know traditions and customs of other countries. It helps to know more about the history and life of different nations.
English are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. As I know all English people celebrate Christmas on the 25th of December. It's the season of good will. It's the most beautiful time of the year - the time of love, joy and hopes. Christmas Day is a family holiday. All the people look forward to it, expecting something special. It is the time when all the family gets together round the Christmas tree decorated with toys and sweets. Little children believe that when they are asleep Santa Claus comes with a big bag of toys. They often hang up large stockings for the presents. All families have Christmas dinners. They eat traditional dishes -turkey, duck, pudding. On the New Year's Day they watch the old year out and the new year in.
There are some traditions on New Year's Day. One of them is the old First Footing. The first man to come into the house is very important. The Englishmen believe that he brings luck. This man (not a woman) must be healthy, young, pretty-looking. He brings presents - bread, a piece of coal or a coin. Another best-loved holiday is St. Valentine's Day on the 14th of February - the holiday of love and affection, the day of sending "valentines" and giving presents to those you love "Be My Valentine" - Englishmen with these word ask to become friends or companion. Valentines often are decorated with symbols of love - red hearts and roses, ribbons and laces. In England tradition of celebrating Easter is deep-rooted in the history of the nation. Easter is a church holiday. There is a popular belief that wearing 3 new things on Easter will bring good luck.
Traditionally Easter parades of people in bright new spring clothes are held on this day. Another custom is decorating eggs for children. Eggs are hidden in the yards little children believe that the Easter rabbit comes and leaves eggs for them. Easter candies are made in the form of eggs, little chickens and rabbits.
Halloween is the day or evening before all Saint's Day. Children dress up in Halloween costumes and masks over their faces. They go out into the streets to beg. People give them sweets, cookies and apples. A favourite Halloween custom is to make a jack-o'-lantern (the children scrape our a pumpkin and cut the eyes, nose and mouth) . They light a candle inside the pumpkin to scare their friends.
A few words about superstitions in Britain. The people believe that if they put shoes on the table, they will have bad luck. The English won't kill a spider, especially money spiders (small red ones) -this is very unlucky Some animals are also lucky (black cats bring good luck, white horses are also lucky. The most unlucky thing is to break a mirror. This brings 7 years of bad luck. The number 13 is the most unlucky number especially Combination Friday, the 13th .
According to the Act of Parliament of 1871 there are 4 bank holidays Easter Monday, whit-Monday, December 26th - Boxing Day. Other public holidays are Good Friday, May Day, Also there is a Pancake Day, April's Fool Day, Mother's Day.
season of good will- время доброй воли(хороших пожеланий)
the time of love, joy and hopes-время любви, радости(веселья) и надежды
to look forward to-c нетерпением ожидать на ...
to get together-собираться вместе
to decorate with toys and sweets-украшать игрушками и конфетами
to hang uр-повесить что-либо
to eat traditional dishes - turkey, duck, pudding-кушать традиционные блюда-индейку, утку и пудинг
to watch the old year out and the new year in-провести старый и встретить новый год
the old First Footing- первый новогодний гость
to bring luck-приносить удачу
to be healthy, young, pretty-looking- быть здоровым, молодым и симпатичным
the holiday of love and affection- праздник любви и обожания
red hearts and roses, ribbons and laces- красные сердечка, розочки, ленточки и кружева
is deep-rooted in the history of the nation- иметь глубокие корни в истории нации
to be a church holiday-быть церковным праздником
to wear 3 new things - одеть три новых платья(виды одежды)
to decorate eggs for children-разукрасить яйца для детей
to dress up in Halloween costumes- наряжаться в костюм для Хеллоуина
to mask over the face-прятать лицо под маской
to make a jack-o'-lantern-мастеритьигровой фонарь(из тыквы с прорезанными отверстиями в виде глаз ,носа и рта)
to beg-попрошайничать
to scare their friends-пугать друзей
superstitions-предрассудки t
he most unlucky number especially Combination Friday, the 13th -самое несчастливое число, особенно сочетание пятницы с числом 13
6.Holidays in the USA
In the USA different states celebrate different holidays, but everyone remembers the 4th of July, "Independence day". On this day in 1776 America signed the Declaration of Independence. On that day people go out into the streets and take part in the parades. The second big American festival is Thanksgiving day. It is celebrated in November. American families meet for a special dinner, usually with turkey, pumpkin and pies. They give thanks to God for the past year, remember the first harvest of European Americans in 1621.
Children always have fun at Halloween on October 31. They dress up as ghosts and witches. They go from house and say "Trick or Treat. If they get a "treat", they go away happy. But if they don't, they play a "trick". They might put soap on the windows or throw in the garden.
February the 14th is Saint Valentine's Day. People send valentine cards to their sweethearts or friends with words of love.
Christmas is celebrated at the end of December. It's a religious holiday, the birth of Jesus Christ. By this day people decorate fir-trees with toys and lights. Christmas is a very busy time. People hurry to the shops to buy presents for their nearest and dearest. On New Year's Day most people stay up all night, even children. At midnight they go outside and shout "Happy New Year!"
the 4th of July, "Independence day"-4 июля- День провозглашения независимости США
signed the Declaration of Independence- подписали Декларацию о независимости
to take part in the parades-принимать участие в параде
Thanksgiving day-День благодарения
To give thanks to God for-благодарить бога
the first harvest-сбор первого урожая
to dress up as ghosts and witches- наряжаться в одежды приведений и колдунов
"Trick or Treat"- "Шутка или угощение"
to play a "trick"'-сыграть с кем-л. «шутку»
a religious holiday -религиозный праздник
the birth of Jesus Christ-рождество Христово
to hurry to-спешить
nearest and dearest-самые близкие и дорогие
to stay up all night-не ложиться спать
7.SCIENCE IN OUR LIFE
Today we see the world in which social, industrial and political order has been greatly influenced by science. The development of science has increased man's knowledge of nature. Modern experimental science began about 400 year ago. Man learned to use the energy of fire and water. Later man made steam serve him. Nowadays man uses thermonuclear energy and that of antimatter.
I'd like to speak on electronics as not a day passes without the appearance of a new electronic device. The first great progress in electronics came with the invention of the vacuum tube or valve in 1904. It made broad casting possible. The development of electronics during World War II gave us radars and electronic computers.
The first general purpose computer for scientific use was invented in 1949. Today computers have become common they can do fantastic things. Computer can conduct experiments in places, which are too dangerous for people. Some computers are used in carves and mines to replace workers. Besides they can be designed for special purposes. They can solve mathematical problems, make bank aubuts, play chess. New supercomputers solve problems in many branches of industry, science and culture. They are widely used in submarine navigation and in modern hospital. Now much is being done to create artificial intellect. Science has brought into being new atomic technologies. Electric engineering and radio engineering have been created in the same way.
Science and technology have achieved great progress in space research. There have been space flights, the launching of interplanetary stations in the direction of Mars, Radar contacts with the planets Mercury and Venus. Science enters own flats. Many people have already forgotten what the world was like before television. Several generations of children have grown up with TV as a baby-sitter, teacher and companion. A lot of kitchens in our flats are so well equipped that they look like a control room. We are so used to all these that we can't imagine our life without science.
social, industrial and political order- социальный .промышленный и политический порядок
to be influenced by science-подвергаться влиянию науки
to increase man's knowledge of nature- расширять знания человека о природе
modern experimental science-современная экспериментальная наука
to use the energy of fire and water-использоватъ энергию огня и воды
to use thermonuclear energy and that of antimatter-использовать термоядерную энергию и антиматерию
a new electronic device- новое электронное изобретение
the invention of the vacuum tube or valve in 1904(to invent)-изобретение вакуумной трубы и клапана
the development of electronics-развитие электроники
radars and electronic computers-радары и
электронные компьютеры
to become common-стать обычным явлением
to conduct experiments-проводить эксперименты
to be designed for special purposes-созданы для специальных целей
to solve mathematical problems, make bank aubuts-решать математические задачи и проводить банковские расчеты
many branches of industry-многие отрасли промышленности
are widely used in-широко применяются в
to create artificial intellect-создавать искусственный интеллект
to bring into being-внедрять в жизнь
atomic technologies, electric engineering and radio engineering-aтомные технологии, электрическое и радио машиностроение
to achieve great progress in space research-
достигать большого прогресса в космических исследованиях
the launching(to launch) of interplanetary stations in the direction of -запуск межпланетных станций no направлению к
flats are so well equipped(to be equipped)(to equip)with- квартиры хорошо оборудованы
to be used to-привыкать к
not to imagine our life without science- не представлять жизнь без науки
8.YOUR PASTIME AND HOBBY
Hobby is what a person likes to do in his spare time. Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting. The most popular hobby is doing things. It includes a wide variety of activities from gardening to traveling, from chess to volleyball. Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games. This hobby is becoming more and more popular. Making things include drawing, painting, handicrafts. Many people collect something - coins, stamps, compact discs, toys, books. Some collections have some value. Rich people often collect paintings, rare things and other art objects. Often such private collections are given to museums, libraries.As for me, I like to listen to music. 3 months ago my parents bought me a compact disc player and I decided to collect compact discs. I like different music, it should be good. I collect discs of my favourite groups and singers. I carefully study the information printed on discbooklets. I try to find everything about my favourite singers. Also I like to watch music programmes on TV. I want to keep up with the news in the world of music.
Of course, I like to spend my spare time with my friends. We talk about all sorts of things (politics, teachers, girls) . We discuss films, books, TV programmes. In fine weather we like to be in the open air. We find a nice place somewhere in the forest. We make a fire, bake potatoes and have a lot of fun. When the weather is bad, my friends come to my place. We have a good time together.
to do in spare time-заниматься чем-л. в свободное время
Hobbies differ like tastes-хобби отличаются так же ,как и вкусы
to choose a hobby according to smb. character-выбирать занятие согласно характера
to become more interesting-становиться более интересным
doing things includes a wide variety of activities -заниматься делом включает широкое разнообразие деятельности
to be fond of-любить .увлекаться
making things-создавать предметы
to collect something-коллекционировать
to have some value -составлять onp. ценность
to study the information-изучать информацию
to find everything about-находить все о...
to keep up with-не отставать от, быть в курсе
to spend spare time-проводить свободное время
to have a lot of fun-веселиться, забавно проводить время
9.The British press
The press is a mirror of current events. This proves to be true when you look through any newspaper. There are a lot of photos, articles, short and long, that inform readers of the latest events.
It has been claimed that the British read more newspapers than any other people throughout the United Kingdom
All British papers can be classified as either "quality" or "popular" papers. A "quality" paper is a serious national paper that aims at the educated reader. The best known British newspapers which give serious coverage of the news and comment are "The Times" , "The Gardian" , "The Financial Times" and "The Independent" . They contain information on home and foreign affairs, serious editorials, art and literary reviews. They provide up-to-date financial information and professional advertising.
Some newspapers have colour supplement, with many photographs and advertisements. A popular paper is a newspaper that is designed for the undemanding reader. Such papers have brief and direct news reports and a large number of photographs. Much attention is given to personal stories. Especially when they mention a figure in the public eye, such as a member of a royal family, a political figure or a film star. The style of English in these newspapers is often conversational with much use of slang, catchy headlines. Among these newspapers are "The Daily Express" , "The Daily Mirror" , "The Star" . In addition to national daily newspapers there are nine national papers published on Sundays. Several of them include coloured magazines.
home and foreign affairs- события внутри страны и за рубежом
a mirror of current events- зеркало текущих событий
to prove to be true- подтверждать
professional advertising- профессиональная реклама
to look through-просматривать
Supplement- приложение
to inform readers of(about) the latestevents advertisements-сообщать читателям последние новости
advertisements-реклама, объявления
is designed for the undemanding reader- предназначено для неприхотливого читателя
It has been claimed- утверждают
to classify as either "quality" or "popular" papers- классифицировать как « качественную» «популярную» газету
to give attention to personal stories - уделять внимание личной жизни
to mention a figure in the public eye- упоминать общественное лицо в прессе
to aim at the educated reader- рассчитывать на образованного читателя
the style of English- стиль английского языка
to give serious coverage of- предоставлять серьезное освещение чего-л.в прессе
to be conversational- разговорный стиль
catchy headlines-броские заголовки
o contain information- содержать информацию
national daily neyfspapers-национальные информацию ежедневные газеты
10.At the Library
You can hardly find a boy or a girl who is not fond of reading. Books open a wonderful world to us. Many people have their own libraries at home. But still they go to public libraries to get one or another new book.
There is library in our school too. It's not too big and there is a wide choice of books there. Fairy tales and war stories, poems and novels, science fiction and fables. You can come and choose a book to your liking.
The library begins its work at 9 o'clock and is closed at 5. If you don't know what book to take, a librarian will help you with your choice. A pupil is allowed to take two books at a time. Books need care as anything else. Going to the library don't forget the library rules.
Wash your hands before you begin to read. Do not write anything on the pages with a pen. Do not make drawings in the book. Do not make dog's ears in the book. Do not tear the pages.
Do not lose your books or leave them in shops or buses. That means that you lose your friends. If you keep all these rules you'll make a good reader. Books are our great friends. They teach us a lot of useful things.
to open a wonderful world - открывать замечательный мир
to get one or another new hook-взять my или другую книгу
a wide choice of books-большой выбор книг
fairy tales and war stories, poems and novels, science fiction and fables-сказки, рассказы о войне, стихотворения, романы, научная фантастика и басни (мифы)
to choose-выбирать
to observe the library rules- соблюдать библиотечные правила
to make drawings-рисовать
to make dog's ears in the book- загибать углы страниц
to tear the pages-вырывать страницы
to keep all these rules-придерживаться правил
11.BOOKS IN MY LIFE
A book is one of the greatest wonders of world. Why are so many people fond of reading? The world of books is full of wonders. Together with the characters of books you may find yourself in different countries, have a lot of adventures. The book is a faithful friend. They form our values and characters. We try to look like the characters of our favourite books: to be brave, honest, not to be silly and greedy, to be real friends. We enjoyed the beauty and wisdom of fairytales and fables when we were babies and Granny read them. They taught us to be kind, clever, hardworking, to understand other people and help them. They teach us to understand the beauty of nature, take care of it, to love our homeland.
Books have been with us since childhood. Who hasn't read "Alice in the wonderland" , "Mowgli" ? Who hasn't travelled with Marry Poppins to her imaginary world? Who hasn't imagined himself to be Robinson Crusoe on the deserted island?
I have read a lot of interesting books, but my favourite book is "The adventures of Tom Sawyer" by Mark Twain. This well-known book is popular with the children all over the world. The main character of the book is Tom Sawyer, who lived in a small town on the Mississippi River. He was a boy with a wide imagination. He and his friends often dreamed of different adventures. Tom was naughty, kind and brave. Besides he was noble. I like this boy because he teaches us to be true friends.
If you are not fond of reading, take a book to your liking or borrow it from the library and read it. Books are worth reading. Really, they are our good friends.
to be the greatest wonder of the world-быть самым великим чудом света
to be a faithful friend-быть преданным другом
to form our values and characters-формировать наши ценности и характер
to be brave and honest-быть храбрым и честным
to enjoy the beauty and wisdom-наслаждаться красотой и мудростью
to love our homeland- любить свою родину
an imaginary world- нереальный, воображаемый мир
the deserted island- необитаемый остров
to dream of different adventures-мечтать о разных приключениях
to be worth doing-стоит того, чтобы сделать
12.MY HOME IS MY CASTLE
I think, every person always dreams about the place where he can speak about his problems, chat with close friends, where he can feel happy and quiet. For me it is my family and my home. It is the best place in the world and my dearest people live here.
My family is not large we are 4.I have a father, a mother and a brother. We all live together in a new flat.
My father is 45. He is a tall and well-built man with short black hair and grey eyes. He is quiet and hardworking. Really, he is a bread maker of the family. Dad is handy with many things. His hobby is fixing everything at home.
My mother is very lively. She is life and soul of the family. She is a pleasant woman of forty with beautiful chestnut hair and dark brown eyes. She is a lofty ideal for me. My parents have been married for 20 years they have much in common, in everyday life Dad is impractical and needs mother to look after him. Parents have different views on music, books, films. For example, my father likes horror films and my mjther likes "soap operas" . My father is a footballfan and Mum doesn't like sports. But they try to have the same opinion about the education and upbringing of their children.
My brother is only 11. He goes to school. He is funny and curious. He is constantly asking many questions often silly ones. But this only a moment - I can't imagine my life without our little monster.
We all feel happy when we are together. In the evenings we often have little gatherings in the kitchen by the cup of tea, chatting, laughing and discussing the events of the day. Those evening are the best of all. But sometimes I have problems with my parents. They don't like the clothes I wear the music I listen to and the friends I bring home. It's not easy to be a teenager. In summer I visit my Granny. I love her. When I was a child she used to tell me fairytales and stories of her life.
My parents are hardworking. They combine work with housekeeping. Mum manages our household very well. We all are in the habit of helping her to run the house. They say "Men make houses, women make home" . My home is a cozy place. Our relatives and friends like to come to our place. My parents are very hospitable people and everybody feels at home in their flat. Really "There is no place like home"
to feel happy anвquiet-чувствовать счастливым и спокойным
to speak about problems- говорить о проблемах
to chat with close friends-болтать с близкими друзьями
to be quiet and hardworking- быть спокойным и трудолюбивым
to be a bread maker-быть кормильцем
to be handy with many things-бьть мастером на все руки
to fix everything at home- чинить все в доме
to be the life and soul of the family-быть душей семьи
to have much in common-иметь много общего
to be impractical- быть не практичным
"soap operas"- мыльные оперы
to be a footballfan- быть футбольным фанатом
to have the same opinion about the education and upbringing- иметь одинаковое мнение no вопросу обучения и воспитания
our little monster- наш маленький ужастик
to discuss the events of the day-обсуждать события дня
It's not easy to be a teenager -не легко быть подростком
to combine work with housekeeping- сочетать работу с домоводством
tо manage the household- заниматься домашним хозяйством
to run the house- работать no дому
"Men make houses, women make home"- «мужчины строят здания, а женщины создают в них дом»
13.My pet
Most people like animals. They keep animals at home as pets. Pets may be different. People like dogs and cats, birds and hamsters, rabbits and hedgehogs, some people even like snakes. But you can't keep any animals as a pet even if you like him very much. Can a crocodile make a good pet? Or a lion, or a tiger, or a bear? You may love them, but will they love you? Some day when they are big they may become dangerous.
As for me, I prefer dogs. They are so clever and truthful. When they look at you with their beautiful eyes it seems to you that they understand you but can't talk.
People teach dogs to understand commands, to do some tricks. And I think dogs teach people to be kinder, to think of others. People change for better when they keep pets.Sure, pets need much care. You must keep the place where they sleep and eat tidy and clean, you must give them three meals a day. Dogs need more attention and care than cats. You must take then for walks at least two times a day.
I have a dog as a pet. His name is Ret. I like him very much. I bought him. My dog is kind. He has a black nose, brown and black fur. My dog is pedigreed. He likes to bathe. Ret enjoys Chappi and bones. I go for a walk with Ret. My father helps me to take care of the dog. I like Ret very much. Ret is a very big dog. He lives in the dog house. We like Ret.
to keep animals at home- держать животных дома
hamsters, rabbits and hedgehogs- хомячки, кролики и ежи
to become dangerous- становиться опасным
clever and truthful -умный и преданный
to change for better- меняться в лучшую сторону
pedigreed - породистый
to need much care -нуждаться в большой заботе
to keep the place tidy and clean-
содержать место в порядке и чистоте
to give animals three meals a day-кормить животных три раза в день
to take a dog for walks- выводить собаку на прогулку
to take care of the dog- заботиться о собаке
14.ABOUT MYSELF
My name is Natalia. My surname is Govorova. I am 15.1 was born in 1993in Donetsk. I live in a very beautiful industrial town. My address is Flat 116,19 Universitetskaya Street. My phone number is---------- I am a pupil. I go to school Numbers 17. I am a good pupil. I do well in all subjects. They say, that I am a hardworking person. To tell the truth, all school subjects come easy for me but sometimes I have to sit much, for example, to do lessons in Physics or Chemistry, to write a composition or to learn a poem by heart. But my favourite subject is English. I spend much time on it reading books, doing tests etc. May be, English and learning it will be a part of my future career. I like reading. I think comics and detective stories are much easier to read but I prefer to read novels - historical or up-to-date. I like music. My musical tastes are different, but it depends on my mood. But I think every apple is good in its season. I play the piano and the guitar, not seriously, but for my soul. Sometimes I like to listen to classical music. My favourite composers are Tchaikovsky and Mozart. I don't like rock music, but I like "Queen" and "Beatles" . Also I like Ukrainian and Russian folk songs. I have not much time to watch TV but sometimes I spend an hour or two watching an interesting film or a news programmer. In the evening I often read newspapers (our local ones) or magazines. I like fresh air and exercises. I'm sorry I have not much time for doing sports. But some aerobics in the morning, a swimming-pool twice a week, a ski-walk on a frosty day are of great help. Sports is fun.
I have a wide circle of interests. I'm very sociable, so I get a way with people. I have many friends, most of them are my class-mates. We spend much time together, going out to the cinema or to the disco party, speaking about lessons and music, discussing our problems. But most of all I like my family. We all are great friends and deeply attached to each other. You see, it's me - a person with his good and not good characteristics, liking this and hating that. But it's interesting for me to live, to open new things.
a surname, a family name, the first name-фамилия
a very beautiful industrial town—очень красивый промышленный город
to do well in all subjects- хорошо успевать no всем предметам
a hardworking person- трудолюбивый
school subjects come easy for me- школьные предметы даются мне легко
my favourite subject- мой любимый предмет
a part of my future career- часть моей будущей карьеры
to depend on smb's. mood- зависеть от чьего-л. настроения
to have( not) much time for doing sports- иметь много времени для занятий спортом
to have a wide circle of interests- иметь широкий круг интересов
to be very sociable- быть очень общительным
to get a way with people- легко сходиться с людьми
to be attached to each other- быть привязанными друг к другу
15.My birthday
Everybody likes holidays. New Year, Christmas, May day and others. But these holidays are for all. There is one holiday in a year that belongs only to you. It's your birthday. My birthday was on the 5 of July. In the morning my parents wished me many happy returns of the day and gave me presents. Mother gave me a jeans, father bought me a recorder. The day began wonderfully.
I invited my friends to my birthday party. They came at 4 o'clock in the afternoon and brought me a lot of presents - books, sweets, toys.
Mother cooked many tasty things, among them was a beautiful birthday cake with sixteen candles in it. I was sixsteen that day. We enjoyed tea with the cake and sweets and fruit. After tea we had a lot of fun. We played games, danced and sang songs.
In the evening my Granny and Grandpa came. They brought me a lovely puppy as a present. It has always been my dream to have a puppy! I thanked my Grandparents and kissed them. Really, I had a nice birthday.
to invite friends to- приглашать друзей на
to have smb's birthday- отмечать день рождения
to cook- готовить
a beautiful birthday cake-прекрасный праздничный торт
to wish a person many happy returns of the day- поздравлять с днем рождения
to have a lot of fun- веселиться
to give presents- дарить подарки
16.I help about the house
We live in a big house. Our flat is on the 3-th floor. We have 3 rooms and a kitchen. The flat /house/ has all modern conveniences: gas, electricity, central heating, cold and hot running water. It's difficult for my mother to run the house herself. I'm big enough to help her. Everybody in our family has his own duties. As for me, my duty is to keep the right things in the right places. It means that I must keep my room tidy and clean fold up my clothes.
Usually I tidy up twice a week, on Wednesday and on Saturday. I open the window in any weather to air the room. After that I dust the furniture, water the flowers. We do not sweep the floor. We use a vacuum cleaner for this.
There is a lot of work in the kitchen. I clean the taps, iron the towels and curtains wash up after meals.I do my best to help my mother to run the house. And I'm glad when mother is pleased with me. Sometimes I go shopping. I buy bread, butter, milk. My father's duty is to take our dog for a walk. But he doesn't like it. So I take my dog for a walks in the morning.
to have all modern conveniences - иметь все современные удобства
cold and hot running water - водопровод
central heating - центральное отопление
to keep the right things in the right places - хранить вещи в надлежащем месте
to keep a room tidy and clean - поддерживать порядок в комнате
to fold up clothes - складывать одежду
to tidy up - убирать
to dust the furniture - вытирать пыль на мебели to sweep the floor - подметать пол
to use a vacuum cleaner- использовать пылесос
to clean the taps - чистить краны
to iron the towels and curtains - гладить полотенца и занавески
to wash - стирать
to wash up after meals - мыть посуду после еды
to be pleased with быть довольным
to go shopping - делать покупки
17.New Year party
Children all over the world enjoy New Year. They know Father Frost will come and give them presents. They like to have a fir tree at home. It's fun to decorate it with shiny toys and coloured lights. And it's nice to find a surprise under it in the morning. Children like to go to a big New Year party where they sing and dance around a beautiful New Year tree.I like it when Father Frost comes together with Snow Maiden. Children recite poems, sing songs, then Father Frost gives them presents.
When I was little I belived that Father Frost and Snow Maiden were real. I was so upset when I learned that they were only actors. I like New Year Parties at home, too. Father buys a New Year tree. In the evening we decorate it together. There are many shiny balls, flags, lamps on the New Year tree. Mother usually cooks a holiday dinner. There are so many tasty things on the table. At 10 o'clock guests come. They wish us happy New Year. We watch holiday programs on TV. At 11:45 our President takes the floor .We used to hear the clock strikes 12 and the New Year comes. We congratulate each other and say our best wishes. I think New Year is the best holiday.
to recite poems and sing songs -рассказывать стихи и петь песни
Father Frost and Snow Maiden - Дед Мороз и Снегурочка
to be upset - расстраиваться, огорчаться
to watch holiday programs on TV - смотреть праздничную передачу no телевизору
to have a fir tree (a New Year tree) - установить елку
to decorate a New Year tree with shiny toys and coloured lights - украшать елку блестящими игрушками и электрическими гирляндами
to take the floor - выступить с речью
President takes the floor - президент выступает с речью
to congratulate - поздравлять
a big New Year party - Новогодний вечер
18.Seasons
A year is long time. Lot's of things happen in a year. There are four seasons in a year. All the seasons are nice: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Spring is the morning of the year. In spring nature awakens and the weather gets warmer, warmer, warmer. The fields are coveredwith first fresh green grass and flowers. The forests are filled with bird's songs. The sky is blue and sun shines brightly. At night millions stars shine in the darkness.
When summer comes, the weather gets warmer and sometimes it's very hot. It's holidays' time for pupils. Some of them go to the seaside with their parents, others go to the country. Summer is wonderful. It's nice to walk in the green fields, to play with friends, to swim and to fish. Children find a lot of things to enjoy in summer.
After summer autumn comes. We call autumn a tasty season. It's harvest time when crops are gathered in. The days get shorter and nights get longer. The woods turn yellow-red and brown. Leaves begin to fall down the trees. The sky is grey and it often rains.
When winter comes we spend more time at home, because it is cold. But when snow comes the ground is like a white carpet. Children like to play snowballs, to make snowman, to skate, to ski.
to happen - случаться
to awaken - просыпаться
to be filled with bird's songs -наполняться пением птиц
to be covered with first fresh green grass and flowers - покрываться первой зеленой травой и цветами
holidays' time - время каникул
to gather in the crops (harvest) -
собирать урожай
to turn - превращаться, становиться
19.Summer is wonderful
Summer is wonderful! There are many long sunny days and there is no school! There are new friends and many interesting things to see and to do.
Some children spend their holidays at the seaside, some in the mountains and some in the country.
Isn't it nice to spend some weeks out of a noisy town?
Isn't it nice to walk in the green fields? To watch the clouds? To sit down by a river or a lake on soft green grass? To climb the high hills? To swim and to fish? To play games outdoors all the time. I think I was the happiest of all because I was at a wonderful children's rest camp. Children from different towns gather here every year.
In the morning we swam and bathed in the beautiful sea and played games on the yellow sand. In the evening we made a camp-fire, sat around it and sang songs. We all became good friends. The day to leave came too soon. We had a very good time at the camp with our new friends. Children find a lot of things to enjoy, and the summer months go so quickly. Then autumn comes and school begins.
children's rest camp - лагерь отдыха для детей
in the country — в сельской местности
a noisy town - шумный город
to swim and bathe - плавать и купаться
to climb the high hills - подниматься на
20.My summer holidays
After my hard and busy school year my summer holidays began. I felt happy and began to plan a lot of wonderful things to do during my summer vocation.
I was dreaming about far South countries I always wanted to visit. For example I dreamed to visit, Greece islands or Singapore beaches. But I had to go to the Azove seaside with my relatives. The water was very warm there because you know Azove Sea isn't deep. There were a lot of beautiful fair trees and bushes there. There were different kinds of entertainments there. Some kinds of water mountains and water scooters and discos.There was nothing to do all day except lying in the sun and get a wonderful tan. I was playing with my little sister on the sand and in the waves teaching her to swim. Later on I returned to Donetsk and spend some time in town going out with my friends, reading, listening to music, watching TV, playing computer games. After that I went to the sports camp where I spent seven days with my friends.
It was very useful experience for us because we had to get up very early, to train a lot, and to rest very little. But it made us stronger and healthier.
I was very happy to return home and to spend several days in my summer cottage, I helped my grand-pa to dig the garden, to water plants, and to gather fruits and vegetables. I was fishing with my grand-pa sometime successfully and we were cooking our fish together. Only humorous insects were spoiling my good humor. I was enjoying floating in the boat swimming in the river and helping my grandparents.
During my summer holidays I made many new friends, read a lot of interesting books, got to know a lot of useful things. Now I feel ready to get back to school. I am happy to meet my friends and teachers.
to get a wonderful tan - получить хороший загар
to plan a lot of wonderful things to do - планировать сделать много дел
to go to the sports camp - поехать в спортивный лагерь
to visit - посетить
to go to the seaside - поехать на море
to get experience - приобрести опыт
to be deep - быть глубоким
a summer cottage - дача
different kinds of entertainments - различные развлечения
to dig the ground - копать
to gather fruits and vegetables - собирать фрукты и овощи
water mountains water scooters and discos - водяные горки, скутера и «бананы»
to go fishing - заниматься рыбалкой
to float in the boat - кататься на лодке
to lay in the sun - загорать
to swim in the river - плавать в реке
21.MY FRIEND
Frankly speaking, I have a lot of friends. Most of them are my classmates. They say that I am a good mixer and always have a way with people. But my bosom-friend is Olga. We are of the same age, we are both 15. She is a pleasant looking girt not very tall but pleasantly plump. They say, she is the very image of her father, but, to my mind, she takes a lot after her Mum in looks -fair curly hair and dark blue eyes. When she smiles, 2 pretty dimples appear on her cheeks. To my mind, she is really a beauty. But her inner beauty is more important than physical one. Olga is well bred, jolly and king, the life and soul of every company. She is tactful, witty generous and kind- hearted, careful and sensitive. She always ready to help other people. She is well-read and fond of reading very much. She always has 2 or 3 books at hand. Her second hobby is knitting and sewing. She is always elegant and always wears what suits her. She is good at cooking I think she is cut out for a housewife.
Olga like all teenagers likes different music which helps her to relax. In this point we have much in common. We both go in for sports- aerobics. I think, she is very gifted and capable. She always manages to be cheerful, energetic, full of life and energy. She is a sunny soul by nature, she never feels sour.
As I have told, she is a helpful person and every time she tries to do her best to help somebody when he has problems.
Olga is very attentive to her parents and is simply mad about her dog. She cannot imagine her life without her.
Of course, Olga has some drawbacks - sometimes she is a hurly-burly girl, a bit stubborn. But still like her as she has a good sense of humour and is pleasant to deal with.We spend much time together - watch video or listen to the music, walk or go to the cafe discussing all sorts of things. If there is some misunderstanding between us we try to make peace soon. I respect Olga for intellect and modesty. You know, I miss her very often. Our friendship helps me feel strong and sure of myself.
Classmates - одноклассники
to be a good mixer - быть общительным
to be a bosom-friend - быть закадычным другом
a pleasant looking girl - приятного вида девушка
to be the very image of a father - быть похожим на отца
to take a lot after mother in looks -напоминать no внешности маму
inner beauty - внутренняя красота
to be well- bred, jolly and king - быть хорошо воспитанной, веселой и доброй
life and soul of every company -"душа "любой компании
to be tactful, witty, generous and kind-hearted, careful and sensitive - быть тактичной, жизнерадостной, благородной. добросердечной, заботливой и благоразумной
22.My friend
I have a friend. His name is Denis. He is a pupil of the 8 form. He is a handsome boy with dark hair and brown eyes. He is 13. My friend is a clever and industrious boy. He studies well. Besides he is fond of basketball. He plays basketball very well. My friend knows a lot of interesting things.
Denis has a sweet nature. He is attentive and thoughtful to people. He helps his parent about the house. He washes the dishes, tidies up the flat and goes shopping. Denis has a pet. It's a dog. He takes good care of him and always goes for a walk with him.
We spend much time together, and almost never quarrel. On days-off we go to the cinema, and when the weather is fine we like to play outdoors.
What I like in him is that he always keeps his word and never boasts.
There is a proverb: a friend in need is a friend indeed. And I may say, that these words are about my friend. Because he is always ready to help me, when I am in trouble. I think Denis is a very good and a real friend of mine.
to have a sweet nature - иметь добрый характер
to be thoughtful to people - быть внимательным к людям
to quarrel - ссориться
to play outdoors - играть в игры на открытом воздухе
to keep a word - сдержать слово
a friend in need is a friend indeed - друг познается в беде
23.We ought to take care of everything that nature gives us
Nature gives people everything they need for their lives. People have learnt to use the soil, the water, the minerals on the earth and under the earth.
Forests are the lungs of the planet. They give us fresh air, from the forest we get wood to build the houses, the furniture and what-not. Paper is also made from wood. Can you imagine our life without a common piece of paper. No books, no newspapers. Terrible, isn't it? Most of our clothes are also made from natural material: leather, wool, cotton.
People will simply die if nature is spoiled. It may sound strange, but no one does more harm to nature than people do.
Plants and factories throw their wastes into seas and oceans, pollute water, contaminate sea animals and fish. Some birds and animals have disappeared from the earth in this century. People often killed them for their beautiful skins and feather.
But today there are people in all parts of the world who are trying to protect wild animals and birds. There is even an international organization called "Green Peace" . Reservations for rare plants and animals are set up in different parts of the world. Hunting is not allowed there. We all love our Earth. We love its green fields and forests, mountains, rivers and lakes. We must take care of every thing that grows and lives on the Earth all around you
The world is full of wonderful things. You see the blue sky and the grey rain, the black night and the shiny stars, trees and mountains, seas and sunshine. These things are the world, and they are all around you.
It's interesting to know why we need the Sun, why the Moon is bright, what animals live on the Earth.
The world we live on is a big round ball. It's turning all the time, but we can't feel it. The Sun shines on the Earth the rain falls on it.
Different plants grow on the Earth, different animals live on it. The forests are full of berries and mushrooms.
There is water around the land. It's called the World Ocean. There is life in the Ocean too. Different sea animals and fishes live in the ocean.
Nature gives us every thing we need for our life. People grow food on the ground. Animals give us meat and milk. We must take good care of nature.
Keep your eyes and ears open and you'll see a lot of interesting thing around you.
to use the soil, the water, the minerals -использовать почву .водные ресурсы, минералы
the lungs of the planet - легкие планеты
leather, wool, cotton - кожа, шерсть, хлопок
to do harm — приносить вред
to throw the wastes - сбрасывать отходы
to pollute the water - загрязнять воду
to contaminate sea animals and fish -заражать морских животных и рыбу
to kill animals for their beautiful skins and feather —убивать животных из-за меха и оперения
to protect - защищать
an international organization called"Green Peace" - международная организация "Гринпис"
to set up reservations for rare plants and animals - создавать заповедники для редких растений и животных
to take care of nature - заботиться о природе
24.We like to travel
Thousands of people spend their holidays travelling. They travel by trains, by buses, by sea, by air or in their own cars.
A lot of people travel in their own cars. Wonderful landscapes of our country attract lovers of nature. People travel not only to enjoy picturesque places, but also to see ancient monuments and other ancient monuments.
Hiking is becoming very popular. People like to spend their days-off in the country. Happy they return home to plan new hikes for the coming weekend.
Some people prefer travelling by train, others by sea. It's very comfortable, especially if you don't feel seasick.
In fine weather the passengers. I like to look at the ship with its many decks and cabins. It looks like a white flouting city. When the sea is a little rough, the ship rolls from side to side. Some passengers feel seasick.
I like to watch the sea-gulls, listen to their cries when they fly over the waves.
It's also fine to travel by trains. From a comfortable railway carriage you can see a splendid
view of a country side.
And of course it's not bad to travel in a car. You may stop at any place you like, have lunch under a shady tree or swim in a cool river or a like.
a wonderful landscape - прекрасный пейзаж
to attract - привлекать
to enjoy picturesque places -наслаждаться живописными местами
ancient monuments - древние памятники
hiking (hike) - путешествие пешком
to feel seasick - страдать морской болезнью
to be a little rough - немного штормить
a sea-gull - морская чайка
a railway carriage - железнодорожный вагон
to roll - испытывать бортовую качку
25.KEEPIHG FIT AND DOING SPORTS
I you want to feel fit you'd better go in for one kind of sport or another. I should admit that everyone must do all he can to be healthy. Good health is better than the best medicine. "You have a sound mind in a sound body" as the old Latin saying goes. The English proverb "Sickness in the body brings sickness to the mind" expresses a similar idea but from different point of view. All kinds of physical exercises are very useful to make our bodies strong and to keep ourselves fit and healthy. To tell the truth I don't do sports regularly and it is not an essential part of my daily life. In the morning I do some exercises just to awake. Then some aerobics for myself. It puts me into the fine moods. In summer I go swimming as there is a beautiful river with pure water where my Granny lives. In winter, it's rather long at our place, I should say, I prefer skiing (There is nothing like the sight of a winter forest - a real fairy-tale . I like to ride the bike and tobogganing in winter. Mum says that I'm too old to do it, why not after all? I shouldn't call myself a sports fan. Of course, I like to watch sports competitions on TV. Fortunately, they show different ones - football, basketball. I like tennis tournaments very much. I think, it's a very intelligent kind of sport for clever thinking people. Also I admire skiing championships, biathlon, swimming. But what I like most is basketball. The best games are viewed on TV. I came to know that modern basketball appeared in 1891 in the USA. The originator, John Naismith was a coach at the college. He invented the baskets and the rules of the game. Since then basketball has become very popular and is spread all over the world. It is the sport of strong tall men, the sport of giants.
Doing sports a man becomes strong, healthy and gay. He begins to take care of his health.
"Good health is better than wealth" , you know. It's true, I should say. In our school we have a nice gym. Sports and games are popular among pupils. A lot of children train at special sport schools.
to feel fit - быть в хорошей форме
to be healthy - быть здоровым
"You have a sound mind in a sound body"- «В здоровом теле- здоровый дух»
"Sickness in the body brings sickness to the mind" «Болезнь тела порождает болезнь сознания»
to express a similar idea - предлагать подобное предложение
a point of view — точка зрения
to keep myself fit and healthy - быть бодрым и здоровым
the fine moods - прекрасное настроение
to go skiing - кататься на лыжах
to ride a bike - кататься на велосипеде
tobogganing - кататься на салазках
a tournament - турнир
biathlon - биатлон
a coach - тренер
to invent - изобретать
the rules of the game - правила игры
to spread all over the world - распространяться во всем мире
"Good health is better than wealth" - «хорошее здоровье лучше чем богатство»
gym - спортивный зал
to be popular - быть популярным
26.Sport is good for all
People all over the world are fond of sport. Sport activities are very important for the growing organism of a child. Children shoud not neglect this fact.
There are many sport clubs that they can join in. Light athletics gives much opportunity to those who go in for it. It includes track field events: running, long-jumping, high jumping, discus throwing and others.
Many children are fond of ball games: basketball, volleyball, football. They are so exiting. Besides they are played all year round. Children like to take part in the competitions to see who is the quickest, the strongest, who can jump best, who is the best swimmer or player. Pupils in different classes hold competitions in different kinds of sport. Many boys and girls show good results. All the competitions and games are very popular with the pupils. A lot of fans always come to watch them.
My favourite sport is basketball. Basketball is a wonderful sport. It's a good exercise too. It makes us strong and healthy.
To become a good sportsman you must train a lot. If you want to be good at something you have to work hard. Practice makes perfect.
To be fond of sport -увлекаться спортом
sport activities - спортивная деятельность
to neglect - пренебрегать ,не заботиться
Light athletics - легкая атлетика
to give much opportunity — предоставлять большие возможности
to include - включать
running, long-jumping, high jumping, discus throwing - бег, прыжки в длину, в высоту, метание диска
ball games - игры с мячом
to take part in the competitions - принимать участие в соревнованиях
to be the best swimmer or player - быть лучшим пловцом или игроком
to hold competitions in - проводить соревнования
to show good results - показывать хорошие результаты
Practice makes perfect -«Повторение-мать учения»
27.Planning a day
My working day begins rather early. I wake up at 6.30, I am not an early - riser and its difficult for me to get up so early. Then I go to the bathroom, wash my face, clean my teeth and comb my hair. After that I dress myself.
In the morning I don't have much time for breakfast, so I have a cup of tea with a sandwich. Then I take my schoolbag and run to the bus stop. My way to school is rather hard because of the traffic. I live rather far from school. It takes me nearly 40 minutes to get there. The buses and trolley-buses are usually overcrowded in the morning. And it's a problem to get into it. I must elbow my way to stand somewhere in the corner. Nobody can call such a ride a pleasure, neither can I.
At last I am at school, and the day's work begins. Usually we have six or seven lessons a day with ten minute breaks.
At 1.30 the school is over. But my working day is not, I have to do my homework at 2.00 p. m. I come home, change my clothes, wash my hands and have dinner. After dinner I have a short rest and then I do my homework.
Most of all I like evening hours, when the family gets together. We like to have dinner together and speak about our problems. Then we watch TV, or read. At 11 o'clock I go to bed. At 6.30 in the morning the alarm clock wakes me up, and I am happy to start a new day.
an early - riser - тот, кто встает рано
to comb hair - расчесывать волосы
the traffic -уличное движение
to be overcrowded - быть переполненным
It takes me - мне потребуется (о времени)
to elbow one's way - проталкиваться
a ride - езда (верхом)
a break - перемена
to do my homework - делать домашнюю работу
to get together - собираться вместе
together - вместе
the alarm clock - будильник
28.LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGE
The great German poet Goethe once said: "He who knows no foreign language does not know his own one." Learning foreign languages is especially important nowadays. Some people learn foreign languages because they need them in their work, others travel abroad, for the third studying languages is a hobby.
Every year thousands of people from Ukraine go to different countries as tourists or to work. They can not go without knowing the language of the country they are going to. A modern engineer or even a worker can not work with an imported instrument or a machine if he is not able to read the instruction how to do it. Ordinary people need language to translate the instruction or the manual to the washing-machine or a vacuum-cleaner, medicine or even food-products.
Some people are as a rule polyglots. Historians and diplomats need some languages for their work. If you want to be a classified specialist you must learn English, the language of international communication.
English is one of the world important languages. It is the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relations, commerce and business. It is the universal language of international aviation, shipping and sports. It is also the major language of diplomacy. Hundreds and hundreds of books, magazines and newspapers are printed in English, most of the world's mail and telephone calls are in English. Half of the world's scientific literature is written in English. English is spoken by more than 350 million people. Geographically, it is the mostwidespread language on earth, second after Chinese. It is the official language of the UK, the USA, of Australia and New Zealand , it is used as one of the official languages in Canada, the South Africa. Millions of people study and use English as a foreign language. In our country English is very popular. It is studied at schools, colleges and universities.
Learning English is not an easy thing. It is a long process and takes a lot of time and patience. But to know English today is absolutely necessary for every educated person. I want to know English because it's interesting for me to know foreign countries, their cultures and tradition. English will be of great use in my future profession connected with computers.
to learn foreign languages - изучать иностранные языки
to travel abroad - путешествовать за границу
to work with an imported instruments -работать с импортными инструментами
to read the instruction -прочитать инструкцию
to translate the instruction or the manual— перевести инструкцию или руководство по эксплуатации
to be polyglots — быть полиглотами
to be a classified specialist - быть классифицированным специалистом
the language of international communication - язык международногообщения
is one of the world important languages -один из самых важных языков мира
progressive science and technology -прогрессивная наука и технология
trade and cultural relations - торговля и культурные отношения
commerce and business - торговля и бизнес
international aviation, shipping and sports - международная авиация пароходство и спорт
the major language of diplomacy - главный язык дипломатии
to be printed in - быть напечатанным на...
mail and telephone calls - почта и телефонные звонки
scientific literature - научная литература
to be the most widespread language on earth - самый распространенный язык на земле
to study and use English as a foreign language — изучать и использовать английский как иностранный язык
to take a lot of time and patience -занимать много времени и терпения
to know foreign countries, their culturesand traditions — знать иностранные страны, их культуру и традиции
to be of great use — применяться повсеместно
29.Choosing a career
When you leave school you understand that the time to choose your future profession has come. It is not an easy task to make the right choice of a job. I have known for a long time that leaving school is the beginning of my independent life, the beginning of a far more serious examination of my abilities and character.
I have asked myself a lot of times: "What do I want to be when I leave school?" A few years ago it was difficult for me to give a definite answer. As the years passed I changed my mind a lot of
times on which science or field of industry to specialize in. It was difficult to make up my mind and choose one of the hundreds of jobs to which I might be better suited.
There are many worthy professions, but not all of them are in demand now. I think at present in Ukraine the professions connected with economics, computers, advertising, business and tourism are the most popular.
A couple of years ago I wanted to become a biologist. I thought it was a very interesting profession. I was good at biology in school. But in the 9-th form I have changed my mind. I have already wanted to be an economist. I think I have an aptitude for working with figures and solving mathematical problems. And now I am going to be an economist. I know that the life of a person of this profession sometimes is very difficult. The success of this job depends on enterprise, knowledge and skills of a person. That is why I would like to enter the State University, Economic Department. My parents are involved in this problem. My father is working with immovable property for about 10 years , my mother is a teacher at school. I think I will do well with my future profession because I am energetic, communicative and quick by nature. These personal characteristics will help me to succeed in my career, but I would like to develop some qualities of my character, such as diligence, patience and organizing. When one is choosing a future career it is a good idea to take different factors into account. I think my future career will satisfy me and will be well-paid of cause.
To enter the university one should have a profound knowledge because the competition is very high. That is why I attend to special courses and pay special attention to Math's and English. I'm going to take exams in Mathematics, Ukrainian, English and Economics. I have chosen the University the Economy Department because it makes good professionals and is connected with my future career .
to leave school - заканчивать школу
to choose future profession - выбирать будущую профессию
the beginning of independent life - начало самостоятельной жизни
to make the right choice of a job - сделать правильный выбор профессии abilities and character - способности и характер
to give a definite answer - дать определенный ответ
to change smb's. mind - передумать
to specialize in - специализироваться в
to make up my mind - решать
I might be better suited - для меня будет лучше
a worthy profession - стоящая профессия
to be in demand - вызывать потребность
professions connected with - профессии связанные с
to have an aptitude for - иметь способности
to work with figures and solve mathematical problems -работать с цифрами и решать математические задачи
to depend on enterprise, knowledge and skills of a person зависеть от предприятия, знаний, умений и навыков человека
to be involved - заниматься
to be energetic, communicative and quickby nature — быть энергичным общительным и находчивым по природе
to succeed in career - преуспеть в карьере
to have diligence, patience and organizing - иметь прилежание ,терпение и организаторские способности
to take different factors into account - принимать во внимание различные факторы
to be well-paid - быть хорошо оплачиваемым
the competition is very high - конкурс при поступлении большой
to take exams in - сдавать экзамен
to make good professionals - готовить хороших специалистов
to be connected with - быть связанным
30.Computers in our life.
I’d like to talk about computers in our life. The computer means an incredible amount to me because not only I enjoy working on it but I love making ‘chat’ friends around the world. We share our hobbies and interests with each other. My brother and I also spend much time playing computer games and surfing the Internet. I use my computer when I prepare a school report and presentation or find information for a project.
In my opinion, computer is a critical part of our everyday life. I see the future heading in the direction: where technology advances and more things become automated through computers. Some people say that computers disconnect people but I don’t think so. I usually join newsgroups, send and receive e-mails from my friends. I often download pages with photos, music and video.
I am sure, the computer brings a better quality for living in some respect. You can save your time and do on-line shopping or pay your bills. As for me, I can design web pages and software programs for the computer. Our teacher in computer studies has taught me to do that, and so I have a new hobby now. I think that whatever you choose to do in your life, the computer can be a very nice tool to help you. It is out of the question, computers can really do wonders when they are used properly.
to find information- находить информацию
to play computer games- играть в компьютерные игры
to find new friends and information- находить новых друзей и информацию
to do the on-line shopping- делать покупки в Интернете
to send and receive the e-mail- отправлять и получать электронную почту
to join Internet forums and newsgroups- посещать(принимать участие) форумы, тематические конференции, группы новостей
to download pages with photos, music and video- загрузить Интернет страницы с фото, музыкой и видео
to share hobbies and interests-делиться увлечениями и интересами
newsgroups and chat groups(forum, chat room, chat session)- тематические конференции и чат(общение) в Интернете
to make ‘chat’ friends- знакомиться с друзьями в ‘чате’
to search through the catalogues- просматривать каталоги
to look at digital pictures- просматривать цифровые фотографии
to listen to music- слушать музыку
to prepare school work- готовить школьную работу
to surf the Internet- искать информацию в Интернете
to design web pages and software programs- разрабатывать Интернет- страницы и компьютерное программное обеспечение(программы)