Research faculty, Nova SBE
Research fellow, FCT - CEEC-IND 2022-2028
Resident member, NOVAFRICA
Research fellow, GLO
Associate researcher, LEO
Email victoire.girard@novasbe.pt
Bluesky @victoiregirard.bsky.social
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News: From January to April 2026, I’ll be visiting the Geneva School of Economics and Management (GSEM), University of Geneva.
Research interests
Research interests
Natural resources -- in particular those extracted through Artisanal and Small-scale Mines (ASM) -- inequality, violence.
Ongoing projects
Ongoing projects
The artisanal gold mining boom increases the risk of conflict-time sexual violence, with Maleke Fourati and Jérémy Laurent-Lucchetti.
Superseeds: Sexual violence as a weapon of war, and Natural resources and the economics of violence against civilians.
Extras & media: Novafrica podcast, vox.eu.
Artisanal mining and urbanization in Africa, with Edouard Pignède. NOVAFRICA working paper.
Extras & media: NCID interview.
Socially responsible investing and multinationals' pollution, with Virginia Gianinazzi, Mehdi Lehlali and Melissa Porras Prado. CEPR working paper.
Income or health? The case of artisanal mines, with Teresa Molina-Millán. Available upon request.
Published papers
Published papers
Artisanal mining in Africa. Green for gold? with Teresa Molina-Millán and Guillaume Vic, 2025, The Economic Journal.
Extras & media: working paper version, voxdev, Novafrica podcast, World Bank Development Impact blog.
Data & replication: gold suitability data (now open access here!), replication package.
Mineral resources and ethnic identity, with Nicolas Berman and Mathieu Couttenier, 2023, The Economic Journal.
Extras & media: working paper version, vox.eu
Data & replication: replication package.
Stabbed in the back? Mandated political representation and murders, 2021, Social Choice and Welfare.
Extras & media: working paper version, GDN, UNU-WIDER video, Ideas4India (data focused)
The gold digger and the machine. Evidence on the distributive effect of the artisanal and industrial gold rushes in Burkina Faso, with Rémi Bazillier 2020, Journal of Development Economics.
Extras & media: working paper version, VoxDev, World Bank, RES media brief, GDN blog, The Conversation, RFI, France Culture, L'OBS, The Daily Telegraph. Winner of the accessit best paper prize of the IOEA.
Don't Touch my Road. Evidence from India on Affirmative Action and Everyday Discrimination, 2018, World Development.
Extras & media: working paper version, vox.eu, Ideas4India
Does inequality matter for conflicts? Evidence from religious conflicts in India, 2017, Revue d'économie politique.
The Spread of Rational Choice in the Social Sciences: A Sign of Strength or Weakness? On Rafael Wittek, Tom A.B. Snijders, Victor Nee (eds), The Handbook of Rational Choice Social Research, with Camille Chaserant and Antoine Pietri, 2016, Revue française de sociologie.
Discussions & book chapters
Discussions & book chapters
Discussion of the pathfinding paper 'Climate change, natural resources, and conflict', by Oliver Vanden Eynde and Juan Vargas. Forthcoming, Economic policy. (ungated working paper version: here)
Measuring Caste-Based Discrimination, with Cléo Chassonnery-Zaïgouche and Peter Mayer, 2023, Dalits in the New Millennium, edited by Sudha Pai, D. Shyam Babu and Rahul Verma, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Inflated Expectations and Commodity Prices: Evidence from Kazakhstan, with Alma Kudebayeva and Gerhard Toews, 2021, Handbook on the Sustainable Politics and Economics of Natural Resources, edited by Indra Overland and Stella Tsani, Edward Elgar Publishing.
Media: Free Network policy brief
Industrial and artisanal exploitation of mineral resources: what impacts on development? With Agnès Zabsonré, 2021, The Economics of Mineral Resources: The Challenge of Sustainability, edited by Florian Fizaine and Xavier Galiègue, ISTE-Elsevier.
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