[Project-14: Hints-Tricks-Tips-Shorts-Memos]

Overview

Thoughts ...

Links:

Debian Package Managers: dpkg, apt and Aptitude Explained
https://linuxhint.com/https-linuxhint-com-debian_package_managers/
Cheat Sheet: Backing Up a Disk Remotely with ssh and dd
https://www.blackhole-networks.com/Cheatsheets/ssh_dd_backup/
Important note: Make sure you use a good, reliable and fast SD card.
https://docs.armbian.com/User-Guide_Getting-Started/#how-to-install-to-emmc-nand-sata-nvme-usb
Everything You Wanted to know About Psexec
https://adamtheautomator.com/psexec/

Sub project: Mikrotik RB750Gr + Raspi Zero USB-OTG + PiHole

Parts: Version 0-- Mikrotik RB750Gr hEX-- Raspberry Zero---- USB-OTG Adapter-- DietPi (or PiCore)-- PiHole

Step 1: Setup Mirotik RB750Gr router

reset configuration and reboot
configure router (Quick Set)
- set password
- Mode: Router
Internet
- Address Acquisition: Automatic (because my Draytec Vigor2765 handels DSL)
Local Network
- 192.168.30.1/24
- DHCP-Server 192.168.30.100-199
- NAT
- Router Identity: RB750Gr

- check for updates and reboot
# https://indibit.de/mikrotik-dns-namensaufloesung-fqdn

# https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroconf#Multicast_DNS
- DNS: Servers 192.168.30.1 (for own local domain)
Dynamic Servers (from DHCP WAN config)
Allow Remote Request: Yes
- DHCP: Address 192.168.30.0/24
Gateway: 192.168.30.1
Netmask 24
DNS Servers 192.168.30.1
Domain family.home.arpa

- Tools/RoMON enabled

Step 2: Setup Raspberry Pi Zero with DietPi

prepare sd-card from another system ...
$ sudo fdisk -l
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdX
# delete all partitions and create empty dos partition
# update kernel with disk partition changes

$ sudo partprobe /dev/sdX

download DietPi
$ wget https://dietpi.com/downloads/images/DietPi_RPi-ARMv6-Bullseye.7z
# unzip with 7zr
$ sudo apt-get install p7zip
$ sudo 7zr x DietPi_RPi-ARMv6-Bullseye.7z

# duplicate image to disk

$ dd if=DietPi_RPi-ARMv6-Bullseye.img of=/dev/sdX bs=100M
# update kernel with disk partition changes$ sudo partprobe /dev/sdX

# remove sd-card

start over on RPi-Zero
- connect keyboard, monitor, network, etc.
- set passords
- install, setup and config system and software

Step 3: Adapt RPi to USB-OTG RNDIS/Ethernet Gadget

connect with serial console cable to RPi
- USB-TTL adapter

/-RxD---\/---RxD------GPIO14-Pin6 \
PC USB2TTL====--TxD---/\---TxD------GPIO15-Pin8-- RPi Zero (Serial UART)
\-GND--------GND------Ground-Pin10/

- Speed 115200 8N1
now USB-Port is free for OTG-Configurtion

# https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/blob/master/boot/overlays/README

- add dtoverlay settings in config.txt
dtoverlay=disable-bt
dtoverlay=dwc2

- add settings in cmdline.txt
modules-load=dwc2,g_ether

create file
$ sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/g_ether.conf
# with the following content (a single line of text)
options g_ether idVendor=0x05ac idProduct=0x1402 iProduct=Pi0 iManufacturer=Raspberry
# NOTE: This is required for RPi to show up as LTE interface on Mikrotik!

now reboot and check the new usb0 network device
$ sudo config -a

# now create and edit
$ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces.d/usb0
# and set new IP address

# ----------------------------------------
# Location: /etc/network/interfaces.d/usb0
#
# usb0 drop-in config
#
# USB0
allow-hotplug usb0
iface usb0 inet static
address 192.168.31.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.31.1
#
# ----------------------------------------

# reboot, verify all settings and shutdown
#
# https://forum.mikrotik.com/viewtopic.php?t=131188

Step 4: Plug RPi USB into Router USB

after plugin in, open Winbox and connect to router
- "Interface" has now a new interface lte1

to add a new IP address for lte1 goto
- IP/Addresses + (and choose lte1 interface)

RPi has 192.168.31.2 with gateway 192.168.31.1 (gateway is lte1 on Mikrotik router)

ssh into RPi is now again possible

Step 5: Install and configure PiHole

ssh dietpi@192.168.31.2
sudo dietpi-launcher
... PiHole is part of apt (browse software)
config PiHole, etc.

Sub project: Raspi Zero NAS

Parts: Version 0-- Raspberry Zero--- USB Hub---- USB Network Adapter---- USB Memory-- Casing-- Powering
OS: tinycorelinuxhttp://tinycorelinux.net/corebook.pdf
http://tinycorelinux.net/install.html
# chose memory drive$ sudo lsblk# umount if necessary$ sudo umount ...
# prepare drive$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdx# p (print partition table)# d (delete a partition)# o (create a new empty DOS partition table# w (write changes)
# update kernel with disk partition changes$ sudo partprobe /dev/sdX
# download # 64bit# http://tinycorelinux.net/13.x/aarch64/releases/RPi/piCore64-13.1.zip# or$ sudo wget http://tinycorelinux.net/13.x/armv6/releases/RPi/piCore-13.1.0.zip$ sudo unzip piCore-13.1.0.zip
# dd to disk$ sudo dd if=piCore-13.1.0.img of=/dev/sdX bs=100M status=progress# and sync$ sudo sync
# update kernel with disk partition changes$ sudo partprobe /dev/sdX
# (re)-partition memory drive (expand 2nd partitions size)# with gparted or fdisk
$ sudo fdisk -u /dev/sdX# p (print partitions and and write down starting sector of 2nd partition)# d (for delete and then enter "2" to delete 2nd partition)# n (now re-create create new primary (p) partition# with starting sector as deleted one# choose ending sector default (all available space)# w (write changing)# and sync$ sudo sync
# again update kernel with disk partition changes$ sudo partprobe /dev/sdX
# check filesystem$ sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sdX2# and resize$ sudo resize2fs /dev/sdX2
# now disk is ready # use and reboot in new system
# after first boot run$ filetool.sh -b# to save unique SSH keys
# configure ip for 1st use (because dhcp ist not yet available)$ sudo ifconfig eth0 x.x.x.x netmask x.x.x.x
$ route add default gw x.x.x.x eth0
# add nameserver for dns to# hint: # start INSERT mode with 'i'# type text# leave mode with ESC# save with ':wq'$ vi /etc/resolf.confi~ nameserver 8.8.8.8esc:wq
$ sudo ifconfig eth0 dynamic$ sudo ifconfig up
# ok tinycore uses udhcpc :-)$ sudo udhcpc
# check with$ ping www.google.com

# NOW we can load and start the GUI$ tce-load -iw TC$ startx

http://tinycorelinux.net/12.x/armv6/releases/RPi/READMEhttp://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php/board,57.0.html

# https://iotbyhvm.ooo/picore-tiny-core-linux-on-raspberry-pi/# https://iotbytes.wordpress.com/configure-ssh-server-on-microcore-tiny-linux/## Install OpenSSH Package$ tce-load -wi openssh
# Create SSH Config from Template$ cd /usr/local/etc/ssh/$ sudo cp ssh_config.example ssh_config
# Start SSH Service$ sudo /usr/local/etc/init.d/openssh start
# Change the Password for default “tc” user$ passwd
# Check IP address$ ifconfig

# https://github.com/mxmxmx/terminal_tedium/wiki/piCore# # install some things we need# (the -wi flag meaning the app will be available "onboot")# # alsa# tce-load -wi alsa.tcz # more things for alsa# tce-load -wi alsa-utils.tcz# also install using tce-load -wi# git.tcz, make.tcz, gcc.tcz, compiletc.tcz, # wget.tcz, tar.tcz, acl.tcz, # wiringpi.tcz, wiringpi-dev.tcz, # libunistring.tcz # and nano.tcz (or whichever editor you prefer)## if you intend to use wifi, you'll also need # wireless_tools.tcz and wpa_supplicant.tcz## edit /mnt/sda1/config.txt
## https://iotbytes.wordpress.com/tiny-core-persistance-notes/#

...

Add new partition

# n (add a new partition)# p (primary)# 1 (partition number 1-4)# . (first sector)# +128M (... size)
# t (type)# L (... L to list all ...)# c (W95 FAT32 LBA)# w (write changes)$ sudo sync

Format SD-Card or USB stick for BerryBoot:

(or any other Raspi-OS / same principle)
# www.berryboot.com# Source code available at: # https://github.com/maxnet/berryboot# Website: # http://www.berryterminal.com/doku.php/berryboot
# list disk$ sudo fdisk -l
$ sudo lsblk

# in case: unmount first!$ sudo umount /dev/sdx
# prepare disk
$ fdisk /dev/sdx

# check and delete all partitions
# create new partition (fat32)

# format and write fs$ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdx1
# download berryboot from# https://www.berryterminal.com/doku.php/berryboot$ wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/berryboot/berryboot-20210701-pi4.zip
# unzip to new formated disk$ mkdir mntpoint$ mount /dev/sdx1 mntpoint$ cd mntpoint$ sudo unzip /downloadllocation/berryboot-date-version-zip
# eject sdcard / stick and put into raspi# boot and have fun

How to ...

... launch desktop application with root privileges?

$ apt install nautilus# launch a new terminal and enter $ sudo -i nautilus# the resulting window falls now under the sudo umbrella# any files launched and accessed have now sudo-root privileges # in this terminal until it closes# this comes in handy for transitory situations as a quick solution

... beautify powershell

# from https://christitus.com/pretty-powershell/$ irm "https://github.com/ChrisTitusTech/powershell-profile/raw/main/setup.ps1" | iex

... upload a disk over ssh

from lokal disk to remote system

dd if=/home/archive/linode.img | ssh root@192.0.2.9 "dd of=/dev/sda"ordd bs=100M if=/home/archive/linode.img status=progress | ssh root@192.0.2.9 "dd of=/dev/sda"
# check status? -> add "&" at end of line ...dd if=/home/archive/linode.img | ssh root@192.0.2.9 "dd of=/dev/sda" &# and now execute ...sudo pkill -usr1 dd

... use OpenSSH server

install server

$ sudo apt install openssh-server

configure ssh service

$ sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# add / change settings accordingly# PermitRootLogin

check server status

$ sudo systemctl status ssh

start / stop /restart service

$ sudo systemctl [start|stop|restart] ssh

add Service for system startup

$ sudo systemctl enable ssh

find IP for connection

$ sudo hostname -I

find username for connection

$ whoami

connect to remote machine

$ sudo ssh <username>@<IP>

show kernel version

$ sudo uname -r

close connection to remote machine

$ exit

copy files from and to samba share

# need to mount share first $ sudo mount -t cifs -o username=user,password=pwd //servername/share /mnt/folder

copy files from and to samba share

# need to mount share first $ sudo mount -t cifs -o username=user,password=pwd //servername/share /mnt/folder

Table of contents:
Hints-Tricks-Tips-Shorts-Memos

Overview

Thoughts ...

Sub project: Mikrotik RB750Gr + Raspi Zero USB-OTG + PiHole

Step 1: Setup Mirotik RB750Gr router

Step 2: Setup Raspberry Pi Zero with DietPi

Step 3: Adapt RPi to USB-OTG RNDIS/Ethernet Gadget

Step 4: Plug RPi USB into Router USB

Step 5: Install and configure PiHole

Sub project: Raspi Zero NAS

Add new partition

Format SD-Card or USB stick for BerryBoot:

How to ...

... launch desktop application with root privileges?

... beautify powershell

... upload a disk over ssh

from lokal disk to remote system

... use OpenSSH server

install server

configure ssh service

check server status

start / stop /restart service

add Service for system startup

find IP for connection

find username for connection

connect to remote machine

show kernel version

close connection to remote machine

copy files from and to samba share

... use Linux disks and partitions and file systems

... use useful commands

... clone and duplicate disks and partitions

... get the list of mounted file systems

... get the filesystem type, full path (or both)

... mount cifs, ntfs ...

... umount

... SSH X11 forwarding in PowerShell

needs VcXsrv Windows X Server (or similar)

... find files..

... speed up RDP

... install Arch Linux ARM on Rapberry 3

... activate the network

... see OS info

... use TRACERT in Linux

... setup BerryBoot USB media for first boot

grab an USB media

... use Linux disks and partitions and file systems

... use useful commands

# view all UUIDs for all available disks$ blkid$ $ df -H
$ fdisk -l
$ fdisk /dev/[block-device]
$ # deactivate swap partition$ swapoff /dev/[block-device]
$ # Linux ‘Parted’ Commands to Create, Resize and Rescue Disk Partitions$ # https://www.tecmint.com/parted-command-to-create-resize-rescue-linux-disk-partitions/$ apt install parted
# Provoke a new sync of partitions$ partprobe
$ # Change partitions:$ # Open block-device$ parted /dev/[block-device]
$ # print (show) disk geometry entries(parted) print(parted) print

$ # delete (swap) partition(parted) rm 3
Alternates:Gparted
# https://tipstricks.itmatrix.eu/hard-disk-sync-without-reboot/# https://kerneltalks.com/disk-management/how-to-rescan-disk-in-linux-after-extending-vmware-disk/

... clone and duplicate disks and partitions

$ dd if=/dev/[block-device] of=/dev/[block-device] bs=100M status=progress
# or$ ddrescue inputFile outputFile logFile

... get the list of mounted file systems

$ df -h# or$ findmnt

... get the filesystem type, full path (or both)

$ lsblk$ lsblk -f$ lsblk -p$ lsblk -f -p

... mount cifs, ntfs ...

# cifs$ sudo mkdir /mnt/cifs$ sudo mount -t cifs -o username=user,password=pwd //x.x.x.x/share /mnt/cifs
# ntfs$ sudo mkdir /mnt/ntfs$ sudo mount -t ntfs -o ro /dev/sdxy /mnt/ntfs
# msdos$ sudo mkdir /mnt/msdos$ sudo mount -t msdos -o ro /dev/sdxy /mnt/msdos

... umount

$ lsblk -p$ sudo umount /fs-or-device/mountpoint

... SSH X11 forwarding in PowerShell

needs VcXsrv Windows X Server (or similar)

# https://sourceforge.net/projects/vcxsrv/
PS: $env:DISPLAY="127.0.0.1:0.0"PS: echo $env:DISPLAY
# permanently add the DISPLAY environment variable to Windows Powershell with setx commandPS: setx DISPLAY "127.0.0.1:0.0"
# Start the built-in SSH client with # -X Enables X11 forwarding# -Y Enables trusted X11 forwardingPS: ssh -X <your_user_id>@<server_address>
# now check DISPLAY environment variable$ echo $DISPLAY # should show localhost:10.0 or similar# and is automatically set by the SSH server# No need to be the same as in Windows
$ xcalck$ xclock# or whatever X app

... find files..

$ ...

... speed up RDP

# https://taoofmac.com/space/blog/2022/10/23/1700
# SERVER-SIDE GPU ACCELERATION IN LINUX# ss it happens, both xrdp and Remmina already support GFX AVC:444 encoding out of the box (more on that later).
$

... install Arch Linux ARM on Rapberry 3

# https://archlinuxarm.org/platforms/armv8/broadcom/raspberry-pi-3
$ ...

... activate the network

$ dhclient -i eth0..

... see OS info

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo$ uname -a$

... use TRACERT in Linux

# To perform a trace route in Linux # open Terminal and type in $ traceroute domain.com# replacing domain.com with your domain name or IP address.
# If you do not have trace route installed you may need to install it. # For example in Ubuntu the command to install trace route is $ sudo apt-get install traceroute

... setup BerryBoot USB media for first boot

grab an USB media

$ ...
$ $

https://www.adamintech.com/disabling-ipv6-temporarily-in-linux/

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