[Project-14: Hints-Tricks-Tips-Shorts-Memos]

Overview

Thoughts ...


Links:

Sub project: Mikrotik RB750Gr + Raspi Zero USB-OTG + PiHole


Parts: Version 0-- Mikrotik RB750Gr hEX-- Raspberry Zero---- USB-OTG Adapter-- DietPi (or PiCore)-- PiHole

Step 1: Setup Mirotik RB750Gr router

  • reset configuration and reboot
  • configure router (Quick Set)
    - set password
    - Mode: Router
    Internet
    - Address Acquisition: Automatic (because my Draytec Vigor2765 handels DSL)
     Local Network
    - 192.168.30.1/24
    - DHCP-Server 192.168.30.100-199
    - NAT
    - Router Identity: RB750Gr

    - check for updates and reboot

  • # https://indibit.de/mikrotik-dns-namensaufloesung-fqdn
# https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroconf#Multicast_DNS
- DNS:  Servers 192.168.30.1 (for own local domain)
        Dynamic Servers (from DHCP WAN config)
        Allow Remote Request: Yes
- DHCP: Address 192.168.30.0/24
        Gateway: 192.168.30.1
        Netmask 24
        DNS Servers 192.168.30.1
        Domain family.home.arpa
 
- Tools/RoMON enabled

Step 2: Setup Raspberry Pi Zero with DietPi

  • prepare sd-card from another system ...
    $ sudo fdisk -l
    $ sudo fdisk /dev/sdX
    # delete all partitions and create empty dos partition
    # update kernel with disk partition changes
$ sudo partprobe /dev/sdX

$ dd if=DietPi_RPi-ARMv6-Bullseye.img of=/dev/sdX bs=100M
 # update kernel with disk partition changes$ sudo partprobe /dev/sdX

# remove sd-card

  • start over on RPi-Zero
    - connect keyboard, monitor, network, etc.
    - set passords
    - install, setup and config system and software

Step 3: Adapt RPi to USB-OTG RNDIS/Ethernet Gadget

  • connect with serial console cable to RPi
    - USB-TTL adapter

                  /-RxD---\/---RxD------GPIO14-Pin6 \
    PC USB2TTL====--TxD---/\---TxD------GPIO15-Pin8--  RPi Zero (Serial UART)
                  \-GND--------GND------Ground-Pin10/

    - Speed 115200 8N1

  • now USB-Port is free for OTG-Configurtion

# https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/blob/master/boot/overlays/README

- add dtoverlay settings in config.txt
dtoverlay=disable-bt
dtoverlay=dwc2

- add settings in cmdline.txt
modules-load=dwc2,g_ether

create file
$ sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/g_ether.conf
# with the following content (a single line of text)
options g_ether idVendor=0x05ac idProduct=0x1402 iProduct=Pi0 iManufacturer=Raspberry
# NOTE: This is required for RPi to show up as LTE interface on Mikrotik!


now reboot and check the new usb0 network device 
$ sudo config -a

# now create and edit
$ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces.d/usb0
# and set new IP address

# ----------------------------------------
# Location: /etc/network/interfaces.d/usb0
# 
# usb0 drop-in config
#
# USB0
allow-hotplug usb0
iface usb0 inet static
address 192.168.31.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.31.1
#
# ----------------------------------------
# reboot, verify all settings and shutdown
#
# https://forum.mikrotik.com/viewtopic.php?t=131188

Step 4: Plug RPi USB into Router USB

  • after plugin in, open Winbox and connect to router
    - "Interface" has now a new interface lte1

    to add a new IP address for lte1 goto
    - IP/Addresses + (and choose lte1 interface)

    RPi has 192.168.31.2 with gateway 192.168.31.1 (gateway is lte1 on Mikrotik router)

ssh into RPi is now again possible

Step 5: Install and configure PiHole

  • ssh dietpi@192.168.31.2

  • sudo dietpi-launcher
    ... PiHole is part of apt (browse software)

  • config PiHole, etc.

Sub project: Raspi Zero NAS


Parts: Version 0-- Raspberry Zero--- USB Hub---- USB Network Adapter---- USB Memory-- Casing-- Powering
OS: tinycorelinuxhttp://tinycorelinux.net/corebook.pdf
http://tinycorelinux.net/install.html
# chose memory drive$ sudo lsblk# umount if necessary$ sudo umount ...
# prepare drive$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdx# p (print partition table)# d (delete a partition)# o (create a new empty DOS partition table# w (write changes)
# update kernel with disk partition changes$ sudo partprobe /dev/sdX
# download # 64bit# http://tinycorelinux.net/13.x/aarch64/releases/RPi/piCore64-13.1.zip# or$ sudo wget http://tinycorelinux.net/13.x/armv6/releases/RPi/piCore-13.1.0.zip$ sudo unzip piCore-13.1.0.zip
# dd to disk$ sudo dd if=piCore-13.1.0.img of=/dev/sdX bs=100M status=progress# and sync$ sudo sync
# update kernel with disk partition changes$ sudo partprobe /dev/sdX
# (re)-partition memory drive (expand 2nd partitions size)# with gparted or fdisk
$ sudo fdisk -u /dev/sdX# p (print partitions and and write down starting sector of 2nd partition)# d (for delete and then enter "2" to delete 2nd partition)# n (now re-create create new primary (p) partition# with starting sector as deleted one# choose ending sector default (all available space)# w (write changing)# and sync$ sudo sync
# again update kernel with disk partition changes$ sudo partprobe /dev/sdX
# check filesystem$ sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sdX2# and resize$ sudo resize2fs /dev/sdX2
# now disk is ready # use and reboot in new system
# after first boot run$ filetool.sh -b# to save unique SSH keys
# configure ip for 1st use (because dhcp ist not yet available)$ sudo ifconfig eth0 x.x.x.x netmask x.x.x.x 
$ route add default gw x.x.x.x eth0
# add nameserver for dns to# hint: # start INSERT mode with 'i'# type text# leave mode with ESC# save with ':wq'$ vi /etc/resolf.confi~ nameserver 8.8.8.8esc:wq
$ sudo ifconfig eth0 dynamic$ sudo ifconfig up
# ok tinycore uses udhcpc  :-)$ sudo udhcpc
# check with$ ping www.google.com

# NOW we can load and start the GUI$ tce-load -iw TC$ startx

http://tinycorelinux.net/12.x/armv6/releases/RPi/READMEhttp://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php/board,57.0.html

# https://iotbyhvm.ooo/picore-tiny-core-linux-on-raspberry-pi/# https://iotbytes.wordpress.com/configure-ssh-server-on-microcore-tiny-linux/## Install OpenSSH Package$ tce-load -wi openssh
# Create SSH Config from Template$ cd /usr/local/etc/ssh/$ sudo cp ssh_config.example ssh_config
# Start SSH Service$ sudo /usr/local/etc/init.d/openssh start
# Change the Password for default “tc” user$ passwd
# Check IP address$ ifconfig


# https://github.com/mxmxmx/terminal_tedium/wiki/piCore# # install some things we need# (the -wi flag meaning the app will be available "onboot")# # alsa# tce-load -wi alsa.tcz # more things for alsa# tce-load -wi alsa-utils.tcz# also install using tce-load -wi# git.tcz, make.tcz, gcc.tcz, compiletc.tcz, # wget.tcz, tar.tcz, acl.tcz, # wiringpi.tcz, wiringpi-dev.tcz, # libunistring.tcz # and nano.tcz (or whichever editor you prefer)## if you intend to use wifi, you'll also need # wireless_tools.tcz and wpa_supplicant.tcz## edit /mnt/sda1/config.txt
## https://iotbytes.wordpress.com/tiny-core-persistance-notes/#

...

Add new partition

# n (add a new partition)# p (primary)# 1 (partition number 1-4)# . (first sector)# +128M (... size)
# t (type)# L (... L to list all ...)# c (W95 FAT32 LBA)# w (write changes)$ sudo sync

Format SD-Card or USB stick for BerryBoot:

(or any other Raspi-OS / same principle)
# www.berryboot.com# Source code available at: # https://github.com/maxnet/berryboot# Website: # http://www.berryterminal.com/doku.php/berryboot
# list disk$ sudo fdisk -l
$ sudo lsblk

# in case: unmount first!$ sudo umount /dev/sdx
# prepare disk
$ fdisk /dev/sdx

# check and delete all partitions
# create new partition (fat32)

# format and write fs$ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdx1
# download berryboot from# https://www.berryterminal.com/doku.php/berryboot$ wget https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/berryboot/berryboot-20210701-pi4.zip
# unzip to new formated disk$ mkdir mntpoint$ mount /dev/sdx1 mntpoint$ cd mntpoint$ sudo unzip /downloadllocation/berryboot-date-version-zip
# eject sdcard / stick and put into raspi# boot and have fun

How to ...

... launch desktop application with root privileges?

$ apt install nautilus# launch a new terminal and enter $ sudo -i nautilus# the resulting window falls now under the sudo umbrella# any files launched and accessed have now sudo-root privileges # in this terminal until it closes# this comes in handy for transitory situations as a quick solution

... beautify powershell

# from https://christitus.com/pretty-powershell/$ irm "https://github.com/ChrisTitusTech/powershell-profile/raw/main/setup.ps1" | iex

... upload a disk over ssh

dd if=/home/archive/linode.img | ssh root@192.0.2.9 "dd of=/dev/sda"ordd bs=100M if=/home/archive/linode.img status=progress | ssh root@192.0.2.9 "dd of=/dev/sda"
# check status? -> add "&" at end of line ...dd if=/home/archive/linode.img | ssh root@192.0.2.9 "dd of=/dev/sda" &# and now execute ...sudo pkill -usr1 dd

... use OpenSSH server 

$ sudo apt install openssh-server
$ sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# add / change settings accordingly# PermitRootLogin

$ sudo systemctl status ssh
$ sudo systemctl [start|stop|restart] ssh
$ sudo systemctl enable ssh
$ sudo hostname -I
$ whoami
$ sudo ssh <username>@<IP>
$ sudo uname -r
$ exit
# need to mount share first $ sudo mount -t cifs -o username=user,password=pwd //servername/share /mnt/folder


# need to mount share first $ sudo mount -t cifs -o username=user,password=pwd //servername/share /mnt/folder

Table of contents:
Hints-Tricks-Tips-Shorts-Memos

... use Linux disks and partitions and file systems

# view all UUIDs for all available disks$ blkid$ $ df -H
$ fdisk -l
$ fdisk /dev/[block-device]
$ # deactivate swap partition$ swapoff /dev/[block-device]
$ # Linux ‘Parted’ Commands to Create, Resize and Rescue Disk Partitions$ # https://www.tecmint.com/parted-command-to-create-resize-rescue-linux-disk-partitions/$ apt install parted
# Provoke a new sync of partitions$ partprobe
$ # Change partitions:$ # Open block-device$ parted /dev/[block-device]
$ # print (show) disk geometry entries(parted) print(parted) print

$ # delete (swap) partition(parted) rm 3
Alternates:Gparted
# https://tipstricks.itmatrix.eu/hard-disk-sync-without-reboot/# https://kerneltalks.com/disk-management/how-to-rescan-disk-in-linux-after-extending-vmware-disk/
$ dd if=/dev/[block-device] of=/dev/[block-device] bs=100M status=progress
# or$ ddrescue inputFile outputFile logFile
$ df -h# or$ findmnt
$ lsblk$ lsblk -f$ lsblk -p$ lsblk -f -p
# cifs$ sudo mkdir /mnt/cifs$ sudo mount -t cifs -o username=user,password=pwd //x.x.x.x/share /mnt/cifs
# ntfs$ sudo mkdir /mnt/ntfs$ sudo mount -t ntfs -o ro /dev/sdxy /mnt/ntfs
# msdos$ sudo mkdir /mnt/msdos$ sudo mount -t msdos -o ro /dev/sdxy /mnt/msdos
$ lsblk -p$ sudo umount /fs-or-device/mountpoint

... SSH X11 forwarding in PowerShell

# https://sourceforge.net/projects/vcxsrv/
PS: $env:DISPLAY="127.0.0.1:0.0"PS: echo $env:DISPLAY
# permanently add the DISPLAY environment variable to Windows Powershell with setx commandPS: setx DISPLAY "127.0.0.1:0.0"
# Start the built-in SSH client with # -X Enables X11 forwarding# -Y Enables trusted X11 forwardingPS: ssh -X <your_user_id>@<server_address>
# now check DISPLAY environment variable$ echo $DISPLAY # should show localhost:10.0 or similar# and is automatically set by the SSH server# No need to be the same as in Windows
$ xcalck$ xclock# or whatever X app 

$ ...
# https://taoofmac.com/space/blog/2022/10/23/1700
# SERVER-SIDE GPU ACCELERATION IN LINUX# ss it happens, both xrdp and Remmina already support GFX AVC:444 encoding out of the box (more on that later).
$ 
# https://archlinuxarm.org/platforms/armv8/broadcom/raspberry-pi-3
$ ...
$ dhclient -i eth0..

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo$ uname -a$ 

# To perform a trace route in Linux # open Terminal and type in $ traceroute domain.com# replacing domain.com with your domain name or IP address. 
# If you do not have trace route installed you may need to install it. # For example in Ubuntu the command to install trace route is $ sudo apt-get install traceroute

... setup BerryBoot USB media for first boot

$ ...
$ $ 

https://www.adamintech.com/disabling-ipv6-temporarily-in-linux/