[Admin Tasks]

Was aber tun bei einer Headless-Installation (RasPi ohne Tastatur und Monitor)? Dazu müssen Sie auf dem Rechner, auf dem Sie die SD-Karte für den Raspberry Pi vorbereiten, in der boot-Partition eine Datei namens ssh anlegen (z. B. unter Linux mit touch /<Mountpoint>/boot/ssh). Beim nächsten Booten des Raspberry Pi wird dadurch der SSH-Server gestartet und auch auf Dauer aktiviert. Die Datei /boot/ssh wird anschließend gelöscht. Somit können Sie sich per SSH auf dem Raspberry Pi einloggen. Danach ändern Sie sofort das Default-Passwort. Auf jeden Fall sollten Sie das Passwort des Benutzers "pi" ändern, bevor Ihr RasPi mit dem Internet verbunden wird.

Falls es Sie interessiert, wie der Trick mit der (leeren) Datei ssh funktioniert, hier die Auflösung. Dazu wird beim Bootvorgang das folgende Shellscript aufgerufen. Das kann man beispielsweise erreichen, indem der Aufruf in die Datei /etc/rc.localeingetragen wird. Es muss auf alle Fälle mit Root-Rechten laufen.

#!/bin/bash

# Abbruch, wenn die Datei /boot/ssh nicht vorhanden ist

test -f /boot/ssh || return 0

# ssh freigeben

/bin/systemctl enable ssh

# ssh starten

/bin/systemctl start ssh

# Datei loeschen

/bin/rm -f /boot/ssh

Uninstall - Purge - Reinstall Packages

If something goes wrong, is missing or corrupted ...

sudo apt remove package-name

sudo apt purge package-name

... because purge will also remove any config files that might be left behind

Also make sure to ...

sudo apt update

... between uninstalling and reinstalling, just in case.

RASPI-CONFIG

raspi-config is the Raspberry Pi configuration tool

Usage

You will be shown raspi-config on first booting into Raspbian.

To open the configuration tool after this, simply run the following from the command line:

sudo raspi-config

┌───────────────────┤ Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool (raspi-config) ├────────────────────┐

│                                                                                                  │

│        1 Change User Password Change password for the current user                               │

│        2 Network Options      Configure network settings                                         │

│        3 Boot Options         Configure options for start-up                                     │

│        4 Localisation Options Set up language and regional settings to match your location       │

│        5 Interfacing Options  Configure connections to peripherals                               │

│        6 Overclock            Configure overclocking for your Pi                                 │

│        7 Advanced Options     Configure advanced settings                                        │

│        8 Update               Update this tool to the latest version                             │

│        9 About raspi-config   Information about this configuration tool                          │

│                                                                                                  │

│                                                                                                  │

│                                                                                                  │

│                           <Select>                           <Finish>                            │

│                                                                                                  │

└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

WHAT RASPI-CONFIG DOES

Generally speaking, raspi-config aims to provide the functionality to make the most common configuration changes. This may result in automated edits to /boot/config.txt and various standard Linux configuration files. Some options require a reboot to take effect. If you changed any of those, raspi-config will ask if you wish to reboot now when you select the <Finish> button.

Usefull Pi Commands

GENERAL COMMANDS

apt-get update: Synchroniz list of packages.
apt-get upgrade: Upgrade all software packages.
clear: Clears the terminal screen.
date: Print the current date.
find / -name example.txt: Searche the file example.txt.
nano example.txt: Open text editor Nano.
poweroff or shutdown -h now: Shutdown immediately.
raspi-config: Open Pi config settings menu.
reboot or shutdown -r now: Reboot immediately.
shutdown -h 01:22: Poweroff at 1:22 AM.
startx: Start the GUI (Graphical User Interface).

FILE AND DIRECTORY COMMANDS

cat example.txt: Displays contents of file example.txt.
cd /abc/xyz: Change current directory to /abc/xyz directory.
cp XXX: Copy file or directory XXX and paste it to specified location; i.e. cp examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ copies examplefile.txt in the current directory and pastes it into the /home/pi/ directory. If the file is not in the current directory, add the path of the file’s location (i.e. cp /home/pi/documents/examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ copies the file from the documents directory to the office directory).
ls -l: Lists files in the current directory, along with file size, date modified, and permissions.
mkdir example_directory: Creates a new directory named example_directory inside the current directory.
mv XXX: Moves the file or directory named XXX to a specified location. For example, mv examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ moves examplefile.txt in the current directory to the /home/pi/office directory. If the file is not in the current directory, add the path of the file’s location (i.e. cp /home/pi/documents/examplefile.txt /home/pi/office/ moves the file from the documents directory to the office directory). This command can also be used to rename files (but only within the same directory). For example, mv examplefile.txt newfile.txt renames examplefile.txt to newfile.txt, and keeps it in the same directory.
rm example.txt: Deletes the file example.txt.
rmdir example_directory: Deletes the directory example_directory (only if it is empty).
scp user@10.0.0.32:/some/path/file.txt: Copies a file over SSH. Can be used to download a file from a PC to the Raspberry Pi. user@10.0.0.32 is the username and local IP address of the PC, and /some/path/file.txt is the path and file name of the file on the PC.
touch example.txt: Creates a new, empty file named example.txt in the current directory.

NETWORKING AND INTERNET COMMANDS

ifconfig: To check the status of the wireless connection you are using (to see if wlan0 has acquired an IP address).
iwconfig: To check which network the wireless adapter is using.
iwlist wlan0 scan: Prints a list of the currently available wireless networks.
iwlist wlan0 scan | grep ESSID: Use grep along with the name of a field to list only the fields you need (for example to just list the ESSIDs).
nmap: Scans your network and lists connected devices, port number, protocol, state (open or closed) operating system, MAC addresses, and other information.
ping: Tests connectivity between two devices connected on a network. For example, ping 10.0.0.32 will send a packet to the device at IP 10.0.0.32 and wait for a response. It also works with website addresses.
wget http://www.website.com/example.txt: Downloads the file example.txt from the web and saves it to the current directory.
sudo service dhcpcd status Verify and check DHCP activity and setting
sudo service dhcpcd start or restart Run or restart DHCP service
sudo systemctl enable dhcpcd Set and enable DHCP service for automated run on Raspberry Pi startup
sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf Open file to change existing IP settings
sudo service networking restart Restart and apply new network settings
ip a Check IP address
ip r Check routing
cat /etc/resolv.conf Check DNS resolver settings
sudo hostname -b {NEW_NAME} Change hostname

Or use wicd-curses to setup network quick and simple

sudo apt-get install wicd-curses Install
sudo wicd-curses

Swapping: https://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/raspberry-pi/2002131.htm

SYSTEM INFORMATION COMMANDS

cat /proc/meminfo: Shows details about your memory.
cat /proc/partitions: Shows the size and number of partitions on your SD card or hard drive.
cat /proc/version: Shows you which version of the Raspberry Pi you are using.
df -h: Shows information about the available disk space.
df /: Shows how much free disk space is available.
dpkg – –get–selections | grep XXX: Shows all of the installed packages that are related to XXX.
dpkg – –get–selections: Shows all of your installed packages.
free: Shows how much free memory is available.
hostname -I: Shows the IP address of your Raspberry Pi.
lsusb: Lists USB hardware connected to your Raspberry Pi.
UP key: Pressing the UP key will print the last command entered into the command prompt. This is a quick way to repeat previous commands or make corrections to commands.
vcgencmd measure_temp: Shows the temperature of the CPU.
vcgencmd get_mem arm && vcgencmd get_mem gpu: Shows the memory split between the CPU and GPU.

Tools - Apps -Add-Ons

Webmin installation

apt-get (Debian/Ubuntu/Mint)

By adding the webmin repository and Jamie Cameron's key it is possible to install & maintain the latest Webmin/Usermin versions.

Just Cut&Paste the entire text below and hit enter. This will install the latest Webmin version by adding the webmin-repo and corresponding key as well as installing necessary packages:

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webmin.list'

wget -qO - http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc | sudo apt-key add -

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get -y install webmin

PiVPN

Simplest OpenVPN setup and configuration, designed for Raspberry Pi

::: INSTALLATION :::

curl -L https://install.pivpn.io | bash

Source:

http://www.pivpn.io/

Links:

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