Column 2

vakavinakataka 'cause to be good'

vakabalavutaka 'lengthen'

vakasavasavataka 'clean, cleanse'

vakadukadukalitaka 'make dirty'

vakadodonutaka 'correct, make right'

Note: There was a typo in the quiz: ‘be dirty’ should have been dukadukali.

Prefix vaka- and suffix –taka to a verb to make a new causative verb.

b. What kind of verb is found in Column 2? causative

2. Identify all the morphemes (roots and affixes) and morphological processes in the Chickasaw data below. (Hints: (1) There are two morphological processes in these data. (2) To identify a morpheme or a morphological process you must describe both a structure and a meaning or function. (3) There are gaps in these data, but you can solve the problem anyway.)

Roots Prefix Suffix

nosi ‘sleep’ aa- ‘in (a place)’ -ʔ nominalizer

foyopa ‘breathe’

chalhka ‘gamble with cards’

toksali ‘work’

baptimochi ‘baptize’

hilha ‘dance’

toʔli ‘play ball’

Prefix aa- to a verb to get another verb meaning ‘do the verb in (a place)’.

Suffix -ʔ to a locative verb to get a noun naming the place where verb is typically done. aafoyopaʔ means the ‘breathing hole, vent’ which is a relatively specialized sense of the place where breathing takes place.