Morphology and Syntax Practice 2
Rumanian Data
1. omul spală calul. 'The man washes the horse'
2. copilul ia hamul. 'The boy takes the harness'
3. un cal mănincă furajul. 'A horse eats the fodder'
4. omul spală un cal. 'The man washes a horse'
5. un servitor deschide un dicţionar. 'A servant opens a dictionary'
6. un redactor are dicţionarul. 'An editor has the dictionary'
7. redactorul are dicţionarul 'The editor has the dictionary'
8. un copil cumparǎ un ham. 'A boy buys a harness'
(data from Cowan & Rakušan, Sourcebook for Linguistics)
1. Identify all the roots and morphological processes in the Rumanian data above and report it out as a complete lexicon. Don’t forget to give a meaning or function for each root and morphological process. (Note: Do not attempt to analyze the internal structure of the verbs in the data above.)
N V Def Indef
dicţionar 'dictionary' spală 'washes' suffix -ul to un 'a'
cal 'horse' ia 'takes' noun to make it definite
redactor 'editor' mănincă 'eats'
servitor 'servant' deschide 'opens'
om 'man' are 'has'
copil 'boy' cumparǎ 'buys'
furaj 'fodder'
ham 'harness'
2. Give set of plausible PS (phrase structure) rules which with the lexicon you gave in (1) will generate all the sentences above.
S -> NP V NP OR S -> NP VP
VP-> V NP
NP -> {N + Def}
Indef N
3. Draw appropriate PS trees for (3), (4), (7), and (8).
Malay Data
1. Seorang lelaki kiri. 'A man left'
a man left
2. Seorang wanita kiri. 'A woman left'
woman
3. Wanita kiri. 'The woman left'
4. Seorang lelaki tua kiri. 'An old man left'
a man old left
5. Lelaki tua kiri. 'The old man left'
6. Wanita menolong lelaki 'The woman helped the man'
woman helped man
7. Wanita cantik menolong lelaki. 'The pretty woman helped the man'
woman pretty helped man
8. Wanita cantik menolong lelaki tua. 'The pretty woman helped the old man'
woman pretty helped man old
9. Lelaki menolong wanita 'The man helped the woman'
10. Lelaki menolong seorang wanita cantik 'The man helped a pretty woman'
11. Seorang lelaki menolong seorang wanita 'A man helped a woman'
12. Seorang lelaki menolong wanita 'A man helped the woman'
13. Lelaki membina kanu. 'The man built the canoe'
built canoe
14. Seorang lelaki membina kanu. 'A man built the canoe'
15. Kanu menjatuhkan. 'The canoe sank'
sank
4. Identify all the roots and morphological processes in the Malay data above and report it out as a complete lexicon. Don't forget to give a meaning (or function) and category for each root and morphological process.
5. Give set of PS (phrase structure) rules which with the lexicon you gave in (4) will generate all the sentences above.
S -> NP V (NP) OR S -> NP VP
VP-> V (NP)
NP -> (Art) N (Adj)
6. Draw appropriate PS trees for (1), (5), (10), (11) and (14).