ResearchTraining

Teaching Research Methods

Forero DA, Moore JH. Considerations for higher efficiency and productivity in research activities. BioData Min. 2016 Nov 9;9:35.

Bridge P, Carmichael MA, Callender J, Al-Sammarie F, Manning-Stanley A, Warren M, Gordon C, Drew A, Edgerley J, Hammond M, Hussain Z, Jager C, Mineo R, Pickering V, Williams C. Internationalising Research Methods Teaching of Undergraduate Health Professionals. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci. 2018 Mar;49(1):97-105. 

Craig PA. Publishing your educational research. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2020 Nov;48(6):643-645. 

Aggarwal R, Gupte N, Kass N, Taylor H, Ali J, Bhan A, Aggarwal A, Sisson SD, Kanchanaraksa S, McKenzie-White J, McGready J, Miotti P, Bollinger RC. A comparison of online versus on-site training in health research methodology: a randomized study. BMC Med Educ. 2011 Jun 17;11:37. 

Peachey AA, Baller SL. Ideas and Approaches for Teaching Undergraduate Research Methods in the Health Sciences. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. 2015;27(3):434-42.

Bovijn J, Kajee N, Esterhuizen TM, Van Schalkwyk SC. Research involvement among undergraduate health sciences students: a cross-sectional study.BMC Med Educ. 2017 Oct 16;17(1):186. 

Tikkinen KAO, Guyatt GH. Understanding of research results, evidence summaries and their applicability-not critical appraisal-are core skills of medical curriculum. BMJ Evid Based Med. 2021 Oct;26(5):231-233. 

Sadeghi‐Bazargani H, Tabrizi JS, Azami‐Aghdash S. Barriers to evidence‐based medicine: a systematic review. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice. 2014 Dec;20(6):793-802.

Murdoch-Eaton D, Drewery S, Elton S, Emmerson C, Marshall M, Smith JA, Stark P, Whittle S. What do medical students understand by research and research skills? Identifying research opportunities within undergraduate projects. Med Teach. 2010;32(3):e152-60. 

Amgad M, Man Kin Tsui M, Liptrott SJ, Shash E. Medical student research: an integrated mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS one. 2015 Jun 18;10(6):e0127470.

Laidlaw A, Aiton J, Struthers J, Guild S. Developing research skills in medical students: AMEE Guide No. 69. Med Teach. 2012;34(9):e754-71.

Diaz KA, Spiess PE, Necchi A, Li R, Bandini M, García-Perdomo HA. How to get involved in clinical research: helpful tips. Can J Urol. 2022 Feb;29(1):11024-11026.

Wilson AE, Pollock JL, Billick I, Domingo C, Fernandez-Figueroa EG, Nagy ES, Steury TD, Summers A. Assessing science training programs: Structured undergraduate research programs make a difference. BioScience. 2018 Jul 1;68(7):529-34.

Burgoyne LN, O'Flynn S, Boylan GB. Undergraduate medical research: the student perspective. Med Educ Online. 2010 Sep 10;15.

Pierre M, Miklavcic M, Margulan M, Asfura JS. Research Education in Medical Curricula: a Global Analysis. Medical Science Educator. 2022 Apr;32(2):495-502.

Lee GS, Chin YH, Jiang AA, Mg CH, Nistala KR, Iyer SG, Lee SS, Chong CS, Samarasekera DD. Teaching medical research to medical students: a systematic review. Medical Science Educator. 2021 Apr;31:945-62.

Stone C, Dogbey GY, Klenzak S, Van Fossen K, Tan B, Brannan GD. Contemporary global perspectives of medical students on research during undergraduate medical education: a systematic literature review. Medical education online. 2018 Jan 1;23(1):1537430.

Mass-Hernández LM, Acevedo-Aguilar LM, Lozada-Martínez ID, Osorio-Agudelo LS, Maya-Betancourth JG, Paz-Echeverry OA, Paz-Echeverry MJ, Castillo-Pastuzan HS, Rojas-Pimentel JC, Rahman S. Undergraduate research in medicine: A summary of the evidence on problems, solutions and outcomes. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2022 Jan 25:103280.

Djulbegovic B, Guyatt GH. Progress in evidence-based medicine: a quarter century on. The Lancet. 2017 Jul 22;390(10092):415-23.

Albarqouni L, Hoffmann T, Straus S, Olsen NR, Young T, Ilic D, Shaneyfelt T, Haynes RB, Guyatt G, Glasziou P. Core Competencies in Evidence-Based Practice for Health Professionals: Consensus Statement Based on a Systematic Review and Delphi Survey. JAMA Netw Open. 2018 Jun 1;1(2):e180281. 

Howard B, Diug B, Ilic D. Methods of teaching evidence-based practice: a systematic review. BMC Medical Education. 2022 Dec;22(1):1-26.

Goldmann E, Stark JH, Kapadia F, McQueen MB. Teaching epidemiology at the undergraduate level: considerations and approaches. American journal of epidemiology. 2018 Jun 1;187(6):1143-8.

Rodriguez D, Martinez-Alvarado JD, Garcia-Toto R, Genel-Rey TI. Teaching evidence-based medicine in Mexico: a systematic review of medical doctor curriculums at a national level. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 2022, in press.

Doobay-Persaud A, Adler MD, Bartell TR, Sheneman NE, Martinez MD, Mangold KA, Smith P, Sheehan KM. Teaching the social determinants of health in undergraduate medical education: a scoping review. Journal of general internal medicine. 2019 May;34(5):720-30.

Vasilica AM, Kumar NS. Twelve tips for successfully getting involved in research as a medical student. Med Teach. 2021 Apr 29:1-5.

Sharma RK, Ogle HL. Twelve tips for students who wish to write and publish. Med Teach. 2021 Apr 9:1-6.

Choi AR, Cheng DL, Greenberg PB. Twelve tips for medical students to conduct a systematic review. Med Teach. 2019 Apr;41(4):471-475. 

James EL, Graham ML, Snow PC, Ward BM. Teaching research and epidemiology to undergraduate students in the health sciences. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2006 Dec;30(6):575-8.

Gu J, Bourne PE. Ten simple rules for graduate students. PLoS Comput Biol. 2007 Nov;3(11):e229. 

Ayoob JC, Ramírez-Lugo JS. Ten simple rules for running a summer research program. PLOS Computational Biology. 2022 Nov 3;18(11):e1010588.

McAleer P, Stack N, Woods H, DeBruine L, Paterson H, Nordmann E, Kuepper-Tetzel CE, Barr DJ. Embedding Data Skills in Research Methods Education: Preparing Students for Reproducible Research. Preprint, 2022.

Lindahl J. Conscientiousness predicts doctoral students’ research productivity. Journal of Informetrics. 2023 Feb 1;17(1):101353.

Ruelas Inzunza E, Salazar-Rivera GI, Láinez M, Ruiz-Gómez MG, Domínguez-Eusebio CA, Cristóbal-Sánchez G, Teodosio Faustino IA, Pérez-López E, Campbell ML, Merfa MV, Latorre Beltrán IT, Armas F, Mota-Vargas C. Ten simple rules for successfully completing a graduate degree in Latin America. PLoS Comput Biol. 2017 Sep 21;13(9):e1005682. 

Ahmad HR. How to write a Doctoral Thesis. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2016 Mar;32(2):270.

Duke T. How to do a postgraduate research project and write a minor thesis. Arch Dis Child. 2018 Sep;103(9):820-827. 

Golding C. Advice for writing a thesis (based on what examiners do). Open Review of Educational Research. 2017 Jan 1;4(1):46-60.

Wyatt J, Guly H. Identifying the research question and planning the project. Emerg Med J. 2002 Jul;19(4):318-21.

Raich AL, Skelly AC. Asking the right question: specifying your study question. Evid Based Spine Care J. 2013 Oct;4(2):68-71. 

Price CP, Christenson RH. Ask the right question: a critical step for practicing evidence-based laboratory medicine. Annals of clinical biochemistry. 2013 Jul;50(4):306-14.

Cameli M, Novo G, Tusa M, Mandoli GE, Corrado G, Benedetto F, Antonini-Canterin F, Citro R. How to Write a Research Protocol: Tips and Tricks. J Cardiovasc Echogr. 2018 Jul-Sep;28(3):151-153. 

Al Shakarchi J. How to write a research study protocol. Journal of Surgical Protocols and Research Methodologies. 2022 Jan;2022(1):snab008. 

Rout CC, Aldous C. How to write a research protocol. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 2016 Oct 14;22(4):6-12.

Sudheesh K, Duggappa DR, Nethra SS. How to write a research proposal?. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2016 Sep;60(9):631.

Weidmann AE, Cadogan CA, Fialová D, Hazen A, Henman M, Lutters M, Okuyan B, Paudyal V, Wirth F. How to write a successful grant application: guidance provided by the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy. Int J Clin Pharm. 2023 Jun;45(3):781-786. 

Gholipour A, Lee EY, Warfield SK. The anatomy and art of writing a successful grant application: a practical step-by-step approach. Pediatr Radiol. 2014 Dec;44(12):1512-7. 

Guyer RA, Schwarze ML, Gosain A, Maggard-Gibbons M, Keswani SG, Goldstein AM. Top ten strategies to enhance grant-writing success. Surgery. 2021 Dec;170(6):1727-1731

Husain M. How to write a successful grant or fellowship application. Practical Neurology. 2015 Dec 1;15(6):474-8.

Brownson RC, Colditz GA, Dobbins M, Emmons KM, Kerner JF, Padek M, Proctor EK, Stange KC. Concocting that Magic Elixir: Successful Grant Application Writing in Dissemination and Implementation Research. Clin Transl Sci. 2015 Dec;8(6):710-6. 

Liu JC, Pynnonen MA, St John M, Rosenthal EL, Couch ME, Schmalbach CE. Grant-Writing Pearls and Pitfalls: Maximizing Funding Opportunities. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Feb;154(2):226-32.

Gemayel R, Martin SJ. Writing a successful fellowship or grant application. FEBS J. 2017 Nov;284(22):3771-3777.

Araj H, Worth L Jr, Yeung DT. Elements of successful NIH grant applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Apr 9;121(15):e2315735121.

Arthurs OJ. Think it through first: questions to consider in writing a successful grant application. Pediatr Radiol. 2014 Dec;44(12):1507-11. 

Bourne PE, Chalupa LM. Ten simple rules for getting grants. PLoS Comput Biol. 2006 Feb;2(2):e12. 

Higdon J, Topp R. How to develop a budget for a research proposal. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2004 Dec;26(8):922-9.

Patil SG. How to plan and write a budget for research grant proposal?. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2019 Apr 1;10(2):139-42.

Higdon J, Topp R. How to develop a budget for a research proposal. West J Nurs Res. 2004 Dec;26(8):922-9.

Mackway-Jones K. Seeking funding for research. Emerg Med J. 2003 Jul;20(4):359-61. 

Erren TC, Bourne PE. Ten simple rules for a good poster presentation. PLoS Comput Biol. 2007 May;3(5):e102.

Hernandez-Sanchez S, Moreno-Perez V, Garcia-Campos J, Marco-Lledó J, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Lozano-Quijada C. Twelve tips to make successful medical infographics. Med Teach. 2020 Dec 20:1-19. 

Spicer JO, Coleman CG. Creating Effective Infographics and Visual Abstracts to Disseminate Research and Facilitate Medical Education on Social Media. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2022 May 15;74(Supplement_3):e14-22.

Bourne PE. Ten simple rules for making good oral presentations. PLoS Comput Biol. 2007 Apr 27;3(4):e77. 

Naegle KM. Ten simple rules for effective presentation slides. PLoS Computational Biology. 2021 Dec 2;17(12):e1009554.

Lortie CJ. Ten simple rules for short and swift presentations. PLoS computational biology. 2017 Mar 30;13(3):e1005373.

Rossiter RC, Stone TE. "Buyer Beware!" predatory conferences: Avoiding an expensive mistake. Nurs Health Sci. 2016 Dec;18(4):414-415.

Asadi A, Rahbar N, Rezvani MJ, Asadi F. Fake/Bogus Conferences: Their Features and Some Subtle Ways to Differentiate Them from Real Ones. Sci Eng Ethics. 2018 Apr;24(2):779-784.

Memon AR, Azim ME. Predatory conferences: Addressing researchers from developing countries. J Pak Med Assoc. 2018 Nov;68(11):1691-1695.

Godskesen T, Eriksson S, Oermann MH, Gabrielsson S. Predatory conferences: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Open. 2022 Nov 30;12(11):e062425.

Rahman H, Ankier S. Dishonesty and research misconduct within the medical profession. BMC Med Ethics. 2020 Mar 18;21(1):22.

Cadieux M, Campos-Zamora M, Zagury-Orly I, Dzara K. Journal Club Using Virtual Breakout Rooms: Interactive Continuing Education with No Learner Preparation During COVID-19. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2020 Fall;40(4 Suppl 4):217-219. 

Hsiao CJ, Fresquez AM, Christophers B. Success and the next generation of physician-scientists. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science. 2020 Dec;4(6):477-9.

Utz PJ, Jain MK, Cheung VG, Kobilka BK, Lefkowitz R, Yamada T, Dzau VJ. Translating science to medicine: The case for physician-scientists. Science Translational Medicine. 2022 Feb 16;14(632):eabg7852.

Johansson I, Naji L, Rodrigues M, Akula KK, Hu ZJ, Kay J, Thabane L, Guyatt G. A conversation on health research collaborations and career with Dr. Gordon Guyatt: A commentary. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021 Feb 2:S0895-4356(21)00030-5.

Hund AK, Churchill AC, Faist AM, Havrilla CA, Love Stowell SM, McCreery HF, Ng J, Pinzone CA, Scordato ESC. Transforming mentorship in STEM by training scientists to be better leaders. Ecol Evol. 2018 Oct 2;8(20):9962-9974. 

Sawarkar R, Scherz‐Shouval R, Denzel MS, Saarikangas J. Chaperoning junior faculty. EMBO reports. 2019 Jan;20(1):e47163.

Tregoning JS, McDermott JE. Ten Simple Rules to becoming a principal investigator. PLOS Computational Biology. 2020 Feb 20;16(2):e1007448.

McKinley KL, Didychuk AL, Nicholas DA, Termini CM. The transition phase: preparing to launch a laboratory. Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 2022, in press.

Greco V, Politi K, Eisenbarth S, Colón-Ramos D, Giraldez AJ, Bewersdorf J, Berg DN. A group approach to growing as a principal investigator. Current Biology. 2022 Jun 6;32(11):R498-504.

Zimba O, Gasparyan AY. Social media platforms: a primer for researchers. Reumatologia. 2021;59(2):68-72.

Amano T, Rojas CR, Boum II Y, Calvo M, Misra BB. Ten tips for overcoming language barriers in science. Nature Human Behaviour. 2021 Jul 8:1-8.

Ioannidis JP, Patsopoulos NA, Kavvoura FK, Tatsioni A, Evangelou E, Kouri I, Contopoulos-Ioannidis DG, Liberopoulos G. International ranking systems for universities and institutions: a critical appraisal. BMC Med. 2007 Oct 25;5:30.

Arellano-Rojas P, Calisto-Breiding C, Peña-Pallauta P. Evaluación de la investigación científica: mejorando las políticas científicas en Latinoamérica. Revista Española de Documentación Científica. 2022 Jul 6;45(3):e336-.

Singh CK, Barme E, Ward R, Tupikina L, Santolini M. Quantifying the rise and fall of scientific fields. PloS one. 2022 Jun 23;17(6):e0270131.

Fundamentals of Research

Kestenbaum B. Epidemiology and biostatistics. An Introduction to Clinical Research. Springer, 2019. (Book)

Bentley PJ, Gulbrandsen M, Kyvik S. The relationship between basic and applied research in universities. Higher Education. 2015 Oct;70(4):689-709.

Eddy SR. "Antedisciplinary" science. PLoS Comput Biol. 2005 Jun;1(1):e6. 

Park YS, Konge L, Artino AR Jr. The Positivism Paradigm of Research. Acad Med. 2020 May;95(5):690-694.

Bertram MG, Sundin J, Roche DG, Sánchez-Tójar A, Thoré ES, Brodin T. Open science. Current Biology. 2023 Aug 7;33(15):R792-7.

Messeri L, Crockett MJ. Artificial intelligence and illusions of understanding in scientific research. Nature. 2024 Mar;627(8002):49-58.

Simone JV. Understanding academic medical centers: Simone’s Maxims. Clinical Cancer Research. 1999 Sep;5(9):2281-5.

Halperin I, Vigotsky AD, Foster C, Pyne DB. Strengthening the practice of exercise and sport-science research. International journal of sports physiology and performance. 2018 Feb 1;13(2):127-34.

Abt G, Jobson S, Morin JB, Passfield L, Sampaio J, Sunderland C, Twist C. Raising the bar in sports performance research. J Sports Sci. 2022 Jan;40(2):125-129. 

Mesquida C, Murphy J, Lakens D, Warne J. Replication concerns in sports and exercise science: a narrative review of selected methodological issues in the field. Royal Society Open Science. 2022 Dec 14;9(12):220946.

Halperin I, Pyne DB, Martin DT. Threats to internal validity in exercise science: a review of overlooked confounding variables. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015 Oct;10(7):823-9. 

Knapp B, Bardenet R, Bernabeu MO, Bordas R, Bruna M, Calderhead B, Cooper J, Fletcher AG, Groen D, Kuijper B, Lewis J. Ten simple rules for a successful cross-disciplinary collaboration. PLoS Computational Biology. 2015 Apr 30;11(4):e1004214.

Mitchell RD, O'Reilly GM, Phillips GA, Sale T, Roy N. Developing a research question: A research primer for low-and middle-income countries. Afr J Emerg Med. 2020, in press.

Lakens D. Sample size justification. Collabra: Psychology. 2022 Mar 22;8(1):33267.

Riley RD, Ensor J, Snell KI, Harrell FE, Martin GP, Reitsma JB, Moons KG, Collins G, Van Smeden M. Calculating the sample size required for developing a clinical prediction model. BMJ. 2020 Mar 18;368.

Carpenter S. Ten steps in scale development and reporting: A guide for researchers. Communication Methods and Measures. 2018 Jan 2;12(1):25-44.

Boateng GO, Neilands TB, Frongillo EA, Melgar-Quiñonez HR, Young SL. Best Practices for Developing and Validating Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer. Front Public Health. 2018 Jun 11;6:149. 

Sullivan GM, Artino AR Jr. Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert-type scales. J Grad Med Educ. 2013 Dec;5(4):541-2. 

Jebb AT, Ng V, Tay L. A review of key Likert scale development advances: 1995–2019. Frontiers in psychology. 2021 May 4;12:637547.

Gaur PS, Zimba O, Agarwal V, Gupta L. Reporting Survey Based Studies - a Primer for Authors. J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Nov 23;35(45):e398.

Zimba O, Gasparyan AY. Designing, Conducting, and Reporting Survey Studies: A Primer for Researchers. J Korean Med Sci. 2023 Dec 11;38(48):e403.

Slattery EL, Voelker CC, Nussenbaum B, Rich JT, Paniello RC, Neely JG. A practical guide to surveys and questionnaires. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011 Jun;144(6):831-7.

Artino Jr AR. Good decisions cannot be made from bad surveys. Military medicine. 2017 Jan 1;182(1-2):1464-5.

Rosellini AJ, Brown TA. Developing and Validating Clinical Questionnaires. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2021, in press.

Schipolowski S, Schroeders U, Wilhelm O. Pitfalls and challenges in constructing short forms of cognitive ability measures. Journal of Individual Differences. 2014;35(4):190.

Sousa VD, Rojjanasrirat W. Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline. J Eval Clin Pract. 2011 Apr;17(2):268-74.

Behr D, Shishido K. The Translation of Measurement Instruments for CrossCultural Surveys. The SAGE handbook of survey methodology. 2016 Mar 24.

Hays RD, Weech-Maldonado R, Teresi JA, Wallace SP, Stewart AL. Commentary: Copyright restrictions versus open access to survey instruments. Medical care. 2018 Feb;56(2):107.

Braveman PA, Cubbin C, Egerter S, Chideya S, Marchi KS, Metzler M, Posner S. Socioeconomic status in health research: one size does not fit all. JAMA. 2005 Dec 14;294(22):2879-88.

Wrzus C, Neubauer AB. Ecological momentary assessment: a meta-analysis on designs, samples, and compliance across research fields. Assessment. 2022 Jan 11:10731911211067538.

de Vries LP, Baselmans BM, Bartels M. Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment of well-being: A systematic review and recommendations for future studies. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2021 Jun;22(5):2361-408.

Kim J, Marcusson-Clavertz D, Yoshiuchi K, Smyth JM. Potential benefits of integrating ecological momentary assessment data into mHealth care systems. BioPsychoSocial medicine. 2019 Dec;13(1):1-6.

Hevey D. Network analysis: a brief overview and tutorial. Health Psychol Behav Med. 2018 Sep 25;6(1):301-328.

Jones PJ, Mair P, McNally RJ. Visualizing Psychological Networks: A Tutorial in R. Front Psychol. 2018 Sep 19;9:1742.

Borsboom D, Deserno MK, Rhemtulla M, Epskamp S, Fried EI, McNally RJ, Robinaugh DJ, Perugini M, Dalege J, Costantini G, Isvoranu AM. Network analysis of multivariate data in psychological science. Nature Reviews Methods Primers. 2021 Aug 19;1(1):1-8.

Bland JM, Altman DG. Cronbach's alpha. BMJ. 1997 Feb 22;314(7080):572.

Lesko CR, Keil AP, Edwards JK. The epidemiologic toolbox: Identifying, honing, and using the right tools for the job. American journal of epidemiology. 2020 Jun 1;189(6):511-7.

Soskolne CL, Kramer S, Ramos-Bonilla JP, Mandrioli D, Sass J, Gochfeld M, Cranor CF, Advani S, Bero LA. Toolkit for detecting misused epidemiological methods. Environmental Health. 2021 Dec;20(1):1-6.

Bours MJL. Tutorial: A nontechnical explanation of the counterfactual definition of effect modification and interaction. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021 Feb 4;134:113-124.

Stone JC, Barker TH, Aromataris E, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Sears K, Klugar M, Leonardi-Bee J, Munn Z. From critical appraisal to risk of bias assessment: clarifying the terminology for study evaluation in JBI systematic reviews. JBI Evid Synth. 2023 Mar 1;21(3):472-477.

Furuya-Kanamori L, Xu C, Hasan SS, Doi SA. Quality versus Risk-of-Bias assessment in clinical research. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021 Jan;129:172-175. 

Hultcrantz M, Rind D, Akl EA, Treweek S, Mustafa RA, Iorio A, Alper BS, Meerpohl JJ, Murad MH, Ansari MT, Katikireddi SV. The GRADE Working Group clarifies the construct of certainty of evidence. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2017 Jul 1;87:4-13.

Balshem H, Helfand M, Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, Vist GE, Falck-Ytter Y, Meerpohl J, Norris S, Guyatt GH. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2011 Apr 1;64(4):401-6.

Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Bias and causal associations in observational research. Lancet. 2002 Jan 19;359(9302):248-52. 

Nunan D, Bashir K, Bilimoria K, Birdi J, Campbell F, Dean R, Downer MB, Costa GG, Golob MM, Heintzman A, Howe MS. Ten resources for understanding bias in health research: EBM live workshop 2022. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 2023 Oct 1;28(5):337-40.

Digitale JC, Martin JN, Glidden DV, Glymour MM. Key concepts in clinical epidemiology: Collider-conditioning bias. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2023, in press.

Greifer N, Stuart EA. Matching Methods for Confounder Adjustment: An Addition to the Epidemiologist's Toolbox. Epidemiol Rev. 2021, in press.

VanderWeele TJ. Principles of confounder selection. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2019 Mar;34(3):211-9.

Westreich D, Greenland S. The table 2 fallacy: presenting and interpreting confounder and modifier coefficients. Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Feb 15;177(4):292-8.  

Laubach ZM, Murray EJ, Hoke KL, Safran RJ, Perng W. A biologist's guide to model selection and causal inference. Proc Biol Sci. 2021 Jan 27;288(1943):20202815. 

Murad MH, Asi N, Alsawas M, Alahdab F. New evidence pyramid. Evid Based Med. 2016 Aug;21(4):125-7. 

Teresi JA, Yu X, Stewart AL, Hays RD. Guidelines for designing and evaluating feasibility pilot studies. Medical care. 2022 Jan 9;60(1):95-103.

Pfledderer CD, von Klinggraeff L, Burkart S, da Silva Bandeira A, Lubans DR, Jago R, Okely AD, van Sluijs EMF, Ioannidis JPA, Thrasher JF, Li X, Beets MW. Consolidated guidance for behavioral intervention pilot and feasibility studies. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2024 Apr 6;10(1):57.

Grimes DA, Schulz KF. An overview of clinical research: the lay of the land. Lancet. 2002 Jan 5;359(9300):57-61.

Vetter TR, Jesser CA. Fundamental Epidemiology Terminology and Measures: It Really Is All in the Name. Anesth Analg. 2017 Dec;125(6):2146-2151.

Thiese MS. Observational and interventional study design types; an overview. Biochemia medica. 2014 Jun 15;24(2):199-210.

Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Descriptive studies: what they can and cannot do. Lancet. 2002 Jan 12;359(9301):145-9.

Omair A. Selecting the appropriate study design for your research: Descriptive study designs. Journal of health specialties. 2015 Jul 1;3(3):153.

Bangdiwala SI. Basic epidemiology research designs I: cross-sectional design. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2019 Mar;26(1):124-126.

Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Uses and abuses of screening tests. Lancet. 2002 Mar 9;359(9309):881-4.

van Smeden M, Reitsma JB, Riley RD, Collins GS, Moons KG. Clinical prediction models: diagnosis versus prognosis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021 Apr;132:142-145. 

Kohn MA. Key concepts in clinical epidemiology: reporting on the accuracy of continuous tests. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2021, in press.

Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Cohort studies: marching towards outcomes. Lancet. 2002 Jan 26;359(9303):341-5.

Schulz KF, Grimes DA. Case-control studies: research in reverse. Lancet. 2002 Feb 2;359(9304):431-4.

van Stralen KJ, Dekker FW, Zoccali C, Jager KJ. Case-control studies--an efficient observational study design. Nephron Clin Pract. 2010;114(1):c1-4.

Setia MS. Methodology Series Module 2: Case-control Studies. Indian J Dermatol. 2016 Mar-Apr;61(2):146-51.

Bangdiwala SI. Basic epidemiology research designs II: case-control design. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2019 Jun;26(2):200-202. 

Brignardello-Petersen R, Carrasco-Labra A, Guyatt GH. How to Interpret and Use a Clinical Practice Guideline or Recommendation: Users' Guides to the Medical Literature. JAMA. 2021 Oct 19;326(15):1516-1523. 

Bärnighausen T, Tugwell P, Røttingen JA, Shemilt I, Rockers P, Geldsetzer P, Lavis J, Grimshaw J, Daniels K, Brown A, Bor J. Quasi-experimental study designs series—paper 4: uses and value. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2017 Sep 1;89:21-9.

Maciejewski ML. Quasi-experimental design. Biostatistics & Epidemiology. 2020 Jan 1;4(1):38-47.

Zabor EC, Kaizer AM, Hobbs BP. Randomized controlled trials. Chest. 2020 Jul 1;158(1):S79-87.

Harrer M, Cuijpers P, Schuurmans LK, Kaiser T, Buntrock C, van Straten A, Ebert D. Evaluation of randomized controlled trials: a primer and tutorial for mental health researchers. Trials. 2023 Aug 30;24(1):562.

Hemming K, Haines TP, Chilton PJ, Girling AJ, Lilford RJ. The stepped wedge cluster randomised trial: rationale, design, analysis, and reporting. BMJ. 2015 Feb 6;350:h391.

Beato M. Recommendations for the design of randomized controlled trials in strength and conditioning. Common design and data interpretation. Front Sports Act Living. 2022 Sep 8;4:981836.

Bauer MS, Damschroder L, Hagedorn H, Smith J, Kilbourne AM. An introduction to implementation science for the non-specialist. BMC psychology. 2015 Dec;3(1):1-2.

O'Cathain A, Croot L, Duncan E, Rousseau N, Sworn K, Turner KM, Yardley L, Hoddinott P. Guidance on how to develop complex interventions to improve health and healthcare. BMJ Open. 2019 Aug 1;9(8):e029954.

Skivington K, Matthews L, Simpson SA, Craig P, Baird J, Blazeby JM, Boyd KA, Craig N, French DP, McIntosh E, Petticrew M. A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ. 2021 Sep 30;374.

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Burgess S, Smith GD, Davies NM, Dudbridge F, Gill D, Glymour MM, Hartwig FP, Kutalik Z, Holmes MV, Minelli C, Morrison JV. Guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations: update for summer 2023. Wellcome open research. 2019;4.

Sanderson E, Glymour MM, Holmes MV, Kang H, Morrison J, Munafò MR, Palmer T, Schooling CM, Wallace C, Zhao Q, Davey Smith G. Mendelian randomization. Nature Reviews Methods Primers. 2022 Feb 10;2(1):6.

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Tricco AC, Tetzlaff J, Moher D. The art and science of knowledge synthesis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Jan;64(1):11-20.

Gianfrancesco MA, Goldstein ND. A narrative review on the validity of electronic health record-based research in epidemiology. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2021 Oct 27;21(1):234.

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Liu H, Zeng H, Shen Y, Zhang F, Sharma M, Lai W, Zhao Y, Tao G, Yuan J, Zhao Y. Assessment tools for health literacy among the general population: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2018 Aug;15(8):1711.

Altin SV, Finke I, Kautz-Freimuth S, Stock S. The evolution of health literacy assessment tools: a systematic review. BMC public health. 2014 Dec;14(1):1-3.

Bann CM, McCormack LA, Berkman ND, Squiers LB. The health literacy skills instrument: a 10-item short form. Journal of health communication. 2012 Oct 1;17(sup3):191-202.

Wang XM, Zhang XR, Li ZH, Zhong WF, Yang P, Mao C. The brief introduction of meta-analyses in clinical practice and research. J Gene Med. 2021 Jan 15:e3312. 

Carlson RB, Martin JR, Beckett RD. Ten simple rules for interpreting and evaluating a meta-analysis. PLOS Computational Biology. 2023 Sep 28;19(9):e1011461.

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Murad MH, Montori VM, Ioannidis JP, Jaeschke R, Devereaux PJ, Prasad K, Neumann I, Carrasco-Labra A, Agoritsas T, Hatala R, Meade MO. How to read a systematic review and meta-analysis and apply the results to patient care: users’ guides to the medical literature. JAMA. 2014 Jul 9;312(2):171-9.

Rico-González M, Pino-Ortega J, Clemente F, Los Arcos A. Guidelines for performing systematic reviews in sports science. Biology of sport. 2022 Mar;39(2):463-71.

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Sucharew H, Macaluso M. Progress Notes: Methods for Research Evidence Synthesis: The Scoping Review Approach. J Hosp Med. 2019 Jul 1;14(7):416-418. 

Peters MD, Marnie C, Tricco AC, Pollock D, Munn Z, Alexander L, McInerney P, Godfrey CM, Khalil H. Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI evidence implementation. 2021 Mar 1;19(1):3-10.

Pollock D, Davies EL, Peters MD, Tricco AC, Alexander L, McInerney P, Godfrey CM, Khalil H, Munn Z. Undertaking a scoping review: A practical guide for nursing and midwifery students, clinicians, researchers, and academics. Journal of advanced nursing. 2021 Apr;77(4):2102-13.

Sood A, Erwin PJ, Ebbert JO. Using advanced search tools on PubMed for citation retrieval. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Oct;79(10):1295-9.

Dupras DM, Ebbert JO. Clinicians' guide to new tools and features of PubMed. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 Apr;82(4):480-3

Burns CS, Nix T, Shapiro RM 2nd, Huber JT. MEDLINE search retrieval issues: A longitudinal query analysis of five vendor platforms. PLoS One. 2021 May 6;16(5):e0234221.

Adam GP, Paynter R. Development of literature search strategies for evidence syntheses: pros and cons of incorporating text mining tools and objective approaches. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 2022 Mar 27.

Mohamed Shaffril HA, Samsuddin SF, Abu Samah A. The ABC of systematic literature review: The basic methodological guidance for beginners. Quality & Quantity. 2021 Aug;55(4):1319-46.

Kolaski K, Logan LR, Ioannidis JP. Guidance to best tools and practices for systematic reviews. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2024 Jan;181(1):180-210.

Ioannidis JP. Systematic reviews for basic scientists: a different beast. Physiological reviews. 2023 Jan 1;103(1):1-5.

MacFarlane A, Russell-Rose T, Shokraneh F. Search Strategy Formulation for Systematic Reviews: issues, challenges and opportunities. Intelligent Systems with Applications. 2022 Jun 7:200091.

Gusenbauer M, Haddaway NR. Which academic search systems are suitable for systematic reviews or meta-analyses? Evaluating retrieval qualities of Google Scholar, PubMed, and 26 other resources. Res Synth Methods. 2020 Mar;11(2):181-217. 

Gusenbauer M. Google Scholar to overshadow them all? Comparing the sizes of 12 academic search engines and bibliographic databases. Scientometrics. 2019 Jan 15;118(1):177-214.

Marshall IJ, Wallace BC. Toward systematic review automation: a practical guide to using machine learning tools in research synthesis. Syst Rev. 2019 Jul 11;8(1):163. 

Nagendrababu V, Dilokthornsakul P, Jinatongthai P, Veettil SK, Pulikkotil SJ, Duncan HF, Dummer PM. Glossary for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. International endodontic journal. 2020 Feb;53(2):232-49.

Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. European journal of epidemiology. 2010 Sep;25:603-5.

Sterne JA, Savović J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, Cates CJ, Cheng HY, Corbett MS, Eldridge SM, Emberson JR. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019 Aug 28;366.

Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, Thuku M, Hamel C, Moran J, Moher D, Tugwell P, Welch V, Kristjansson E, Henry DA. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ. 2017 Sep 21;358.

Whiting P, Savović J, Higgins JP, Caldwell DM, Reeves BC, Shea B, Davies P, Kleijnen J, Churchill R; ROBIS group. ROBIS: A new tool to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews was developed. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016 Jan;69:225-34. 

Page MJ, Sterne JA, Boutron I, Hróbjartsson A, Kirkham JJ, Li T, Lundh A, Mayo-Wilson E, McKenzie JE, Stewart LA, Sutton AJ. ROB-ME: a tool for assessing risk of bias due to missing evidence in systematic reviews with meta-analysis. BMJ. 2023 Nov 20;383.

Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016 Oct 12;355:i4919. 

Hasan B, Saadi S, Rajjoub NS, Hegazi M, Al-Kordi M, Fleti F, Farah M, Riaz IB, Banerjee I, Wang Z, Murad MH. Integrating large language models in systematic reviews: a framework and case study using ROBINS-I for risk of bias assessment. BMJ Evid Based Med. 2024 Feb 21:bmjebm-2023-112597.

Losilla JM, Oliveras I, Marin-Garcia JA, Vives J. Three risk of bias tools lead to opposite conclusions in observational research synthesis. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2018 Sep 1;101:61-72.

Schünemann HJ, Cuello C, Akl EA, Mustafa RA, Meerpohl JJ, Thayer K, Morgan RL, Gartlehner G, Kunz R, Katikireddi SV, Sterne J. GRADE guidelines: 18. How ROBINS-I and other tools to assess risk of bias in nonrandomized studies should be used to rate the certainty of a body of evidence. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2019 Jul 1;111:105-14.

Fusar-Poli P, Radua J. Ten simple rules for conducting umbrella reviews. Evid Based Ment Health. 2018 Aug;21(3):95-100.

Faulkner G, Fagan MJ, Lee J. Umbrella reviews (systematic review of reviews). International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2022 Dec 31;15(1):73-90.

Sadoyu S, Tanni KA, Punrum N, Paengtrai S, Kategaew W, Promchit N, Lai NM, Thakkinstian A, Ngorsuraches S, Bangpan M, Veettil S. Methodological approaches for assessing certainty of the evidence in umbrella reviews: A scoping review. Plos one. 2022 Jun 8;17(6):e0269009.

Bougioukas KI, Pamporis K, Vounzoulaki E, Karagiannis T, Haidich AB. Types and associated methodologies of overviews of reviews in healthcare: a methodological study with published examples. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2022, in press.

Finley N, Swartz TH, Cao K, Tucker JD. How to make your research jump off the page: Co-creation to broaden public engagement in medical research. PLoS Med. 2020 Sep 14;17(9):e1003246. 

Reincke CM, Bredenoord AL, van Mil MH. From deficit to dialogue in science communication: The dialogue communication model requires additional roles from scientists. EMBO reports. 2020 Sep 3;21(9):e51278.

Borowiec BG. Ten simple rules for scientists engaging in science communication. PLOS Computational Biology. 2023 Jul 20;19(7):e1011251.

Hoddinott P, Pollock A, O'Cathain A, Boyer I, Taylor J, MacDonald C, Oliver S, Donovan JL. How to incorporate patient and public perspectives into the design and conduct of research. F1000Res. 2018 Jun 18;7:752.

König LM, Altenmüller MS, Fick J, Crusius J, Genschow O, Sauerland M. How to communicate science to the public? Recommendations for effective written communication derived from a systematic review. Preprint, 2023.

Bilal U, Hessel P, Perez-Ferrer C, Michael YL, Alfaro T, Tenorio-Mucha J, Friche AAL, Pina MF, Vives A, Quick H, Alazraqui M, Rodriguez DA, Miranda JJ, Diez-Roux AV; SALURBAL group. Life expectancy and mortality in 363 cities of Latin America. Nat Med. 2021, in press.

GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Oct 17;396(10258):1204-1222.

Frank J, Abel T, Campostrini S, Cook S, Lin VK, McQueen DV. The Social Determinants of Health: Time to Re-Think? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 12;17(16):5856.

Moses H 3rd, Matheson DH, Cairns-Smith S, George BP, Palisch C, Dorsey ER. The anatomy of medical research: US and international comparisons. JAMA. 2015 Jan 13;313(2):174-89.

Soteriades ES, Falagas ME. A bibliometric analysis in the fields of preventive medicine, occupational and environmental medicine, epidemiology, and public health. BMC Public Health. 2006 Dec 15;6:301.

Ramírez Varela A, Cruz GIN, Hallal P, Blumenberg C, da Silva SG, Salvo D, Martins R, da Silva BGC, Resendiz E, Del Portillo MC, Monteiro LZ, Khoo S, Chong KH, Cozzensa da Silva M, Mannocci A, Ding D, Pratt M. Global, regional, and national trends and patterns in physical activity research since 1950: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2021 Jan 7;18(1):5. 

Steward IP, Young ES, Dogra SA, Stamp E, Daly-Smith A, Siddique K, Morgan K, Crowther J, Hall J. How to develop young physical activity leaders? A Delphi study. Plos One. 2023 Sep 29;18(9):e0286920.

Wang M, Liu P, Zhang R, Li Z, Li X. A Scientometric Analysis of Global Health Research. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 24;17(8):2963.

Pedro-Gómez JD, Bennasar-Veny M, Guillem-Conejeros F, Falque-Vidal M, Morales-Asencio JM. Assessment of the different citation systems in the scientific publication of nursing authors from Spanish-speaking countries. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. 2021 Apr 16;55.

Kokol P, Vošner HB. Historical, descriptive and exploratory analysis of application of bibliometrics in nursing research. Nursing Outlook. 2019 Nov 1;67(6):680-95.

Borracci RA, Rabhansl de Desmery MM. Producción de artículos latinoamericanos de investigación en enfermería indexados en Medline. Revista argentina de cardiología. 2013 Oct;81(5):422-6.

Achury-Saldaña DM, Castañeda-Rodriguez LA, Perianes-Rodriguez A. Differences in scientific collaboration and their effects on research influence: A quantitative analysis of nursing publications in Latin America (Scopus, 2005–2020). Heliyon. 2022 Oct 1;8(10):e11047.

Iribarren S, Stonbraker S, Larsen B, Santos I, Faria R, Goes FS, Binfa L, Larson E. Clinical nursing and midwifery research in Latin American and Caribbean countries: A scoping review. International journal of nursing practice. 2018 Apr;24(2):e12623.

Davidson KW, McGinn T. Screening for Social Determinants of Health: The Known and Unknown. JAMA. 2019;322(11):1037-1038. 

Balaban G, Grytten I, Rand KD, Scheffer L, Sandve GK. Ten simple rules for quick and dirty scientific programming. PLoS Comput Biol. 2021 Mar 11;17(3):e1008549.

Werner J, Jeske D. Ten simple rules for running and managing virtual internships. PLoS Comput Biol. 2021 Feb 18;17(2):e1008599.

Forero DA, Lopez-Leon S, Patrinos GP. Ten simple rules for international short-term research stays. PLoS Comput Biol. 2017 Dec 7;13(12):e1005832.

Armenteras D. Guidelines for healthy global scientific collaborations. Nat Ecol Evol. 2021, in press.

Okeke IN. Twenty steps to ingrain power asymmetry in global health biomedical research. PLoS Biol. 2021 Sep 30;19(9):e3001411. 

Haelewaters D, Hofmann TA, Romero-Olivares AL. Ten simple rules for Global North researchers to stop perpetuating helicopter research in the Global South. PLoS Comput Biol. 2021 Aug 19;17(8):e1009277.

Lencucha R, Neupane S. The use, misuse and overuse of the ‘low-income and middle-income countries’ category. BMJ Global Health. 2022 Jun 1;7(6):e009067.

Jin C, Ma Y, Uzzi B. Scientific prizes and the extraordinary growth of scientific topics. Nat Commun. 2021 Oct 5;12(1):5619.

Hsu NS, Rezai-Zadeh KP, Tennekoon MS, Korn SJ. Myths and facts about getting an academic faculty position in neuroscience. Sci Adv. 2021 Aug 27;7(35):eabj2604. 

Lee SJ. Tips for success as an academic clinical investigator. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Feb 20;31(6):811-3.

Lauer MS, Roychowdhury D. Inequalities in the distribution of National Institutes of Health research project grant funding. Elife. 2021 Sep 3;10:e71712. 

Golden N, Devarajan K, Balantic C, Drake J, Hallworth MT, Morelli TL. Ten simple rules for productive lab meetings. PLoS Comput Biol. 2021 May 27;17(5):e1008953. 

Bradke F, Maartens A, Teichmann SA. Key attributes of successful research institutes. PLOS Biology. 2023 Sep 5;21(9):e3002267.

Ellis SE, Leek JT. How to share data for collaboration. The American Statistician. 2018 Jan 2;72(1):53-7.

Annaratone L, De Palma G, Bonizzi G, Sapino A, Botti G, Berrino E, Mannelli C, Arcella P, Di Martino S, Steffan A, Daidone MG. Basic principles of biobanking: from biological samples to precision medicine for patients. Virchows Archiv. 2021 Jul 13:1-4.

Ramirez AH, Sulieman L, Schlueter DJ, Halvorson A, Qian J, Ratsimbazafy F, Loperena R, Mayo K, Basford M, Deflaux N, Muthuraman KN. The All of Us Research Program: data quality, utility, and diversity. Patterns. 2022 Aug 12;3(8):100570. 

Methods of Qualitative Research

Malterud K. Qualitative research: standards, challenges, and guidelines. Lancet. 2001 Aug 11;358(9280):483-8. 

Lester JN, Cho Y, Lochmiller CR. Learning to do qualitative data analysis: A starting point. Human Resource Development Review. 2020 Mar;19(1):94-106.

Smith B. Generalizability in qualitative research: Misunderstandings, opportunities and recommendations for the sport and exercise sciences. Qualitative research in sport, exercise and health. 2018 Jan 1;10(1):137-49.

Moser A, Korstjens I. Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 1: Introduction. Eur J Gen Pract. 2017 Dec;23(1):271-273. 

Korstjens I, Moser A. Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 2: Context, research questions and designs. Eur J Gen Pract. 2017 Dec;23(1):274-279.

Moser A, Korstjens I. Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3: Sampling, data collection and analysis. Eur J Gen Pract. 2018 Dec;24(1):9-18. 

Korstjens I, Moser A. Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: Trustworthiness and publishing. Eur J Gen Pract. 2018 Dec;24(1):120-124. 

Then KL, Rankin JA, Ali E. Focus group research: what is it and how can it be used? Can J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2014 Winter;24(1):16-22.

Traynor M. Focus group research. Nurs Stand. 2015 May 13;29(37):44-8.

Plummer-D'Amato P. Focus group methodology Part 1: Considerations for design. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2008 Feb;15(2):69-73.

Plummer-D'Amato P. Focus group methodology Part 2: Considerations for analysis. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2008 Mar;15(3):123-9.

McGrath C, Palmgren PJ, Liljedahl M. Twelve tips for conducting qualitative research interviews. Medical teacher. 2019 Sep 2;41(9):1002-6.

Elo S, Kyngäs H. The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of advanced nursing. 2008 Apr;62(1):107-15.

Kiger ME, Varpio L. Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Medical teacher. 2020 Aug 2;42(8):846-54.

Naldi M. A review of sentiment computation methods with R packages. Preprint, 2019.

Welbers K, Van Atteveldt W, Benoit K. Text analysis in R. Communication Methods and Measures. 2017 Oct 2;11(4):245-65.

Buckley R. Ten steps for specifying saturation in qualitative research. Social Science & Medicine. 2022 Sep 1;309:115217.

Iliev R, Dehghani M, Sagi E. Automated text analysis in psychology: Methods, applications, and future developments. Language and cognition. 2015 Jun;7(2):265-90.

Crowe M. Discourse analysis: towards an understanding of its place in nursing. Journal of advanced nursing. 2005 Jul;51(1):55-63.

Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today. 2004 Feb;24(2):105-12. 

Smith B, McGannon KR. Developing rigor in qualitative research: Problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology. International review of sport and exercise psychology. 2018 Jan 1;11(1):101-21.

Malterud K, Siersma VD, Guassora AD. Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power. Qualitative health research. 2016 Nov;26(13):1753-60.

Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007 Dec;19(6):349-57.

Tong A, Flemming K, McInnes E, Oliver S, Craig J. Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2012 Nov 27;12:181.

Stern C, Lizarondo L, Carrier J, Godfrey C, Rieger K, Salmond S, Apostolo J, Kirkpatrick P, Loveday H. Methodological guidance for the conduct of mixed methods systematic reviews. JBI Evid Implement. 2021 Jun 1;19(2):120-129. 

Mohammed MA, Moles RJ, Chen TF. Meta-synthesis of qualitative research: the challenges and opportunities. International journal of clinical pharmacy. 2016 Jun;38:695-704.

Leary H, Walker A. Meta-analysis and meta-synthesis methodologies: Rigorously piecing together research. TechTrends. 2018 Sep;62(5):525-34.

Tong A, Palmer S, Craig JC, Strippoli GF. A guide to reading and using systematic reviews of qualitative research. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016 Jun;31(6):897-903. 

Barnett-Page E, Thomas J. Methods for the synthesis of qualitative research: a critical review. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2009 Aug 11;9:59. 

Standards for Reporting of Studies

-Gagnier JJ, Kienle G, Altman DG, Moher D, Sox H, Riley D; CARE Group. The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development. J Med Case Rep. 2013 Sep 10;7:223.

-Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG; PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009 Jul 21;6(7):e1000097.

-Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Moher D. Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: development of the PRISMA 2020 statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021 Feb 9;134:103-112.

-Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hróbjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021 Mar 29;372:n71. 

-Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, Moher D, Peters MDJ, Horsley T, Weeks L, Hempel S, Akl EA, Chang C, McGowan J, Stewart L, Hartling L, Aldcroft A, Wilson MG, Garritty C, Lewin S, Godfrey CM, Macdonald MT, Langlois EV, Soares-Weiser K, Moriarty J, Clifford T, Tunçalp Ö, Straus SE. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Oct 2;169(7):467-473. 

Gates M, Gates A, Pieper D, Fernandes RM, Tricco AC, Moher D, Brennan SE, Li T, Pollock M, Lunny C, Sepúlveda D, McKenzie JE, Scott SD, Robinson KA, Matthias K, Bougioukas KI, Fusar-Poli P, Whiting P, Moss SJ, Hartling L. Reporting guideline for overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions: development of the PRIOR statement. BMJ. 2022 Aug 9;378:e070849.

-Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG, Moons KG. Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD Statement. BMC Med. 2015 Jan 6;13:1. 

-Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP, Irwig L, Lijmer JG, Moher D, Rennie D, de Vet HC, Kressel HY, Rifai N, Golub RM, Altman DG, Hooft L, Korevaar DA, Cohen JF; STARD Group. STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ. 2015 Oct 28;351:h5527. 

-Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D; CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. PLoS Med. 2010 Mar 24;7(3):e1000251.

-von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007 Oct 16;4(10):e296.

-Hernandez-Boussard T, Bozkurt S, Ioannidis JPA, Shah NH. MINIMAR (MINimum Information for Medical AI Reporting): Developing reporting standards for artificial intelligence in health care. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2020 Dec 9;27(12):2011-2015.

Eysenbach G. Improving the quality of Web surveys: the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). J Med Internet Res. 2004 Sep 29;6(3):e34.

-Percie du Sert N, Hurst V, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne WJ, Clark A, Cuthill IC, Dirnagl U, Emerson M, Garner P, Holgate ST, Howells DW, Karp NA, Lazic SE, Lidster K, MacCallum CJ, Macleod M, Pearl EJ, Petersen OH, Rawle F, Reynolds P, Rooney K, Sena ES, Silberberg SD, Steckler T, Würbel H. The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol. 2020 Jul 14;18(7):e3000410.

-Hoffmann-Eßer W, Siering U, Neugebauer EA, Brockhaus AC, Lampert U, Eikermann M. Guideline appraisal with AGREE II: Systematic review of the current evidence on how users handle the 2 overall assessments. PLoS One. 2017 Mar 30;12(3):e0174831.

Duncan E, O'Cathain A, Rousseau N, Croot L, Sworn K, Turner KM, Yardley L, Hoddinott P. Guidance for reporting intervention development studies in health research (GUIDED): an evidence-based consensus study. BMJ Open. 2020 Apr 1;10(4):e033516.

-Müller SR, Bayer JB, Ross MQ, Mount J, Stachl C, Harari GM, Chang YJ, Le HT. Analyzing GPS Data for Psychological Research: A Tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. 2022 Apr;5(2):25152459221082680.

-O'Brien BC, Harris IB, Beckman TJ, Reed DA, Cook DA. Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations. Acad Med. 2014 Sep;89(9):1245-51. 

-Emmerich CH, Harris CM. Minimum information and quality standards for conducting, reporting, and organizing in vitro research. Bespalov A., Michel M., and Steckler T. Cham: Springer. 2019;257:177-96.

Ethical Aspects of Research

Bitter CC, Ngabirano AA, Simon EL, Taylor DM. Principles of research ethics: A research primer for low-and middle-income countries. African Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2020 Jan 1;10:S125-9.

Mehta P, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY, Seiil B, Yessirkepov M. Ethics Committees: Structure, Roles, and Issues. J Korean Med Sci. 2023;38(25):e198.

Harriss DJ, MacSween A, Atkinson G. Ethical Standards in Sport and Exercise Science Research: 2020 Update. Int J Sports Med. 2019 Dec;40(13):813-817. 

Sanjari M, Bahramnezhad F, Fomani FK, Shoghi M, Cheraghi MA. Ethical challenges of researchers in qualitative studies: the necessity to develop a specific guideline. J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2014 Aug 4;7:14.

Rice TW. The historical, ethical, and legal background of human-subjects research. Respir Care. 2008 Oct;53(10):1325-9.

Enfield KB, Truwit JD. The purpose, composition, and function of an institutional review board: balancing priorities. Respir Care. 2008 Oct;53(10):1330-6.

Hart R, Belotto M. The institutional review board. Semin Nucl Med. 2010 Sep;40(5):385-92.

Rid A, Emanuel EJ, Wendler D. Evaluating the risks of clinical research. JAMA. 2010 Oct 6;304(13):1472-9.

Grady C. Enduring and emerging challenges of informed consent. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 26;372(9):855-62.

Nijhawan LP, Janodia MD, Muddukrishna BS, Bhat KM, Bairy KL, Udupa N, Musmade PB. Informed consent: Issues and challenges. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2013 Jul;4(3):134-40.

Hardicre J. Valid informed consent in research: an introduction. Br J Nurs. 2014 Jun 12-25;23(11):564-7.

Flory J, Emanuel E. Interventions to improve research participants' understanding in informed consent for research: a systematic review. JAMA. 2004 Oct 6;292(13):1593-601.

Beskow LM, Friedman JY, Hardy NC, Lin L, Weinfurt KP. Developing a simplified consent form for biobanking. PLoS One. 2010 Oct 8;5(10):e13302.

Grady C, Eckstein L, Berkman B, Brock D, Cook-Deegan R, Fullerton SM, Greely H, Hansson MG, Hull S, Kim S, Lo B, Pentz R, Rodriguez L, Weil C, Wilfond BS, Wendler D. Broad Consent for Research With Biological Samples: Workshop Conclusions. Am J Bioeth. 2015;15(9):34-42.

Emanuel EJ, Menikoff J. Reforming the regulations governing research with human subjects. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 22;365(12):1145-50.

Woolf B, Edwards P. Does advance contact with research participants increase response to questionnaires: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2021 Nov 27;21(1):265. 

Artino Jr AR, Youmans QR, Tuck MG. Getting the Most Out of Surveys: Optimizing Respondent Motivation. Journal of Graduate Medical Education. 2022 Dec;14(6):629-33.

Beskow LM, Burke W, Merz JF, Barr PA, Terry S, Penchaszadeh VB, Gostin LO, Gwinn M, Khoury MJ. Informed consent for population-based research involving genetics. JAMA. 2001 Nov 14;286(18):2315-21.

Mateus JC, Varela MT, Caicedo DM, Arias NL, Jaramillo CD, Morales LC, Palma GI. Does Resolution 8430 of 1993 respond to the current needs of ethics in health research with human beings in Colombia?. Biomedica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud. 2019 Sep 1;39(3):448-63.

Licurse A, Barber E, Joffe S, Gross C. The impact of disclosing financial ties in research and clinical care: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2010 Apr 26;170(8):675-82.

Largent EA, Fernandez Lynch H. Paying Research Participants: Regulatory Uncertainty, Conceptual Confusion, and a Path Forward. Yale J Health Policy Law Ethics. 2017 Winter;17(1):61-141.

Różyńska J. The ethical anatomy of payment for research participants. Med Health Care Philos. 2022 Sep;25(3):449-464.

Aguilera B, Carracedo S, Saenz C. Research ethics systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systemic assessment using indicators. The Lancet Global Health. 2022, in press.

Garcia LF, Fernandes MS, Moreno JD, Goldim JR. Mapping Bioethics in Latin America: History, theoretical models, and scientific output. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry. 2019 Sep;16(3):323-31.

Schwab S, Janiaud P, Dayan M, Amrhein V, Panczak R, Palagi PM, Hemkens LG, Ramon M, Rothen N, Senn S, Furrer E. Ten simple rules for good research practice. PLoS computational biology. 2022 Jun 23;18(6):e1010139.

Ciubotariu II, Bosch G. Improving research integrity: a framework for responsible science communication. BMC Research Notes. 2022 Dec;15(1):1-5.

Aubert Bonn N, De Vries RG, Pinxten W. The failure of success: four lessons learned in five years of research on research integrity and research assessments. BMC Research Notes. 2022 Dec;15(1):1-6.

Moher D, Bouter L, Kleinert S, Glasziou P, Sham MH, Barbour V, Coriat AM, Foeger N, Dirnagl U. The Hong Kong Principles for assessing researchers: Fostering research integrity. PLoS Biol. 2020 Jul 16;18(7):e3000737. 

Katsarov J, Andorno R, Krom A, van den Hoven M. Effective Strategies for Research Integrity Training—a Meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review. 2021 Aug 27:1-21.

Thibault RT, Bailey-Rodriguez D, Bartlett JE, Blazey P, Green RJ, Pownall M, Munafo M. A Delphi study to strengthen research methods training in undergraduate psychology programmes. Preprint, 2023.

Hirt J, Nordhausen T, Meichlinger J, Braun V, Zeller A, Meyer G. Educational interventions to improve literature searching skills in the health sciences: a scoping review. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA. 2020 Oct 10;108(4):534.

Iqbal SA, Wallach JD, Khoury MJ, Schully SD, Ioannidis JP. Reproducible Research Practices and Transparency across the Biomedical Literature. PLoS Biol. 2016 Jan 4;14(1):e1002333. 

Innovation and Intellectual Property

León-de la O DI, Thorsteinsdóttir H, Calderón-Salinas JV. The rise of health biotechnology research in Latin America: A scientometric analysis of health biotechnology production and impact in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba and Mexico. PLoS One. 2018 Feb 7;13(2):e0191267.

Glänzel W, Moed HF, Schmoch U, Thelwall M. Springer Handbook of Science and Technology Indicators. Springer Nature; 2019.

González-Gélvez DM, Jaime A. El patentamiento universitario en Colombia. Journal of technology management & innovation. 2013 Feb;8:233-245.

Chitale S, Lawler C, Macfarlane S. Understanding the basics of patenting. Nat Biotechnol. 2020 Mar;38(3):263-270. 

Van Norman GA, Eisenkot R. Technology Transfer: From the Research Bench to Commercialization: Part 1: Intellectual Property Rights-Basics of Patents and Copyrights. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2017 Feb 27;2(1):85-97. 

Van Norman GA, Eisenkot R. Technology Transfer: From the Research Bench to Commercialization: Part 2: The Commercialization Process. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2017 Apr 24;2(2):197-208. 

Hunter-Zinck H, De Siqueira AF, Vásquez VN, Barnes R, Martinez CC. Ten simple rules on writing clean and reliable open-source scientific software. PLoS computational biology. 2021 Nov 11;17(11):e1009481.

Carroll MW. Sharing Research Data and Intellectual Property Law: A Primer. PLoS Biol. 2015 Aug 27;13(8):e1002235.

Van Norman GA. Drugs, Devices, and the FDA: Part 1: An Overview of Approval Processes for Drugs. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2016 Apr 25;1(3):170-179. 

Van Norman GA. Drugs, Devices, and the FDA: Part 2: An Overview of Approval Processes: FDA Approval of Medical Devices. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2016 Jun 27;1(4):277-287.

Van Norman GA. Drugs and Devices: Comparison of European and U.S. Approval Processes. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2016 Aug 29;1(5):399-412.

Cheng F, Ma Y, Uzzi B, Loscalzo J. Importance of scientific collaboration in contemporary drug discovery and development: a detailed network analysis. BMC Biol. 2020 Oct 13;18(1):138.

Manjunath A, Li H, Song S, Zhang Z, Liu S, Kahrobai N, Gowda A, Seffens A, Zou J, Kumar I. Comprehensive analysis of 2.4 million patent-to-research citations maps the biomedical innovation and translation landscape. Nat Biotechnol. 2021 Jun;39(6):678-683.

van Rijn T, Timmis JK. Patent landscape analysis-Contributing to the identification of technology trends and informing research and innovation funding policy. Microb Biotechnol. 2023 Apr;16(4):683-696.

Park M, Leahey E, Funk RJ. Papers and patents are becoming less disruptive over time. Nature. 2023 Jan;613(7942):138-44.

Kim J, Lee S. Patent databases for innovation studies: A comparative analysis of USPTO, EPO, JPO and KIPO. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2015 Mar 1;92:332-45.

Jürgens B, Herrero-Solana V. Espacenet, Patentscope and Depatisnet: A comparison approach. World Patent Information. 2015 Sep 1;42:4-12.