Appraising the evidence

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Duke University. (n.d) FRISBE worksheet for critical appraisal of therapy studies. https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/ld.php?content_id=51396149

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Guyatt, G., Rennie, D., Meade, M. O., & Cook, D., J. (2015). Users’ guides to the medical literature : a manual for evidence-based clinical practice (3rd ed.). McGraw Hill Medical. 

Hopewell, S., Chan, A. W., Collins, G. S., Hróbjartsson, A., Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., ... & Boutron, I. (2025). CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. The Lancet, 405(10489), 1633-1640. https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort/

Jackson, R., Ameratunga, S., Broad, J., Connor, J., Lethaby, A., Robb, G., Wells, S., Glasziou, P., & Heneghan, C. (2006). The GATE frame: critical appraisal with pictures. Evidence-based nursing, 9(3), 68–71. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebn.9.3.68 

JBI. (2025). Critical Appraisal Tools. https://jbi.global/critical-appraisal-tools

Schwartz, A. (n.d.) Risk Reduction Calculator. http://araw.mede.uic.edu/cgi-bin/nntcalc.pl

Schwartz, M. D., Dowell, D., Aperi, J., & Kalet, A. L. (2007). Improving journal club presentations, or, I can present that paper in under 10 minutes. Evidence-based medicine, 12(3), 66–68. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebm.12.3.66-a 

Shea B.,J, Reeves B.,C, Wells, G., Thuku M., Hamel, C., Moran J., Moher, D., Tugwell, P,. Welch, V., Kristjansson, E., Henry, D., A. (2017) AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions. BMJ. https://amstar.ca/Amstar_Checklist.php

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Reviewed: 11/05/2026