Unit 8 Review
The Gilded Age
1876-1900
Ch. 24-28
Themes:
- Gilded Age as an era of "conspicuous consumption" (Thorstein Veblen's phrase)
- Reformers' attempts to address problems of poverty, housing, and health
- Municipal governments - Why were they so bad? Why so frustrating to reformers?
- Women's Movement: 1848-1920
- Churches' attack on social and economic problems
- The Social Gospel as a religious movement
- Darwinism and church leaders
- Reactions to immigration: pre-Civil War versus Civil War to 1920s
- Urbanization reflected in art and literature
- Compare and contrast Henry George and Edward Bellamy
- Compare and contrast the treatment of immigrants, African-Americans, and Indians during this post-Civil War era
- Southern whites reestablished political control after Reconstruction and modernized the Southern economy
- Rise of Jim Crow laws
- Booker T. Washington versus W.E.B. DuBois
- Populism urged political solutions to economic problems
- Why did Populism fail, or did it?
- Problems facing farmers
- Compare and contrast the Grange, the Farmers' Alliance, and Populism
- Connect Southern Populism and the rise of racism
- Compare and contrast the Democratic and Republican Parties: base of support, policies, successes, etc
- Changes in the economy from 1865-1900 in transportation, agriculture, labor force, and industry
- Rise of corporations, trusts, pools, and holding companies
- Factors that promoted industrialization
- Trace shifting Supreme Court decisions in regard to the regulation of R.R. and industry
- This period as one of governmental intervention in the economy, NOT of laissez-faire
- The role and significance of technological innovations
- the 1890s as a decade of economic, political, and social crises
- Characteristics of different labor unions (NLU, Knights of Labor, AFL, ARU)
- Changing workplace conditions wages, hours, safety
- Compare and contrast the Haymarket Square riot, the Homestead strike, and the Pullman strike
- Attitude of government, state, and federal toward labor union to 1914
- Explain the location and growth of the post-Civil War cities
- Rise of Spectator sports
Terms:
- Gilded Age
- Robber Barons
- Cornelius Vanderbilt
- Jay Gould
- Andrew Carnegie
- John D. Rockefeller
- Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
- U.S. v. E.C. Knight (1890)
- Social Darwinism
- Gospel of Wealth
- Thomas A. Edison
- Horatio Alger
- Yellow-dog contract
- Open shop
- Closed shop
- Railroad Strike of 1877
- Knights of Labor
- Haymarket Riot (1886)
- AFL
- Samuel Gompers
- Homestead Strike (1892)
- Pullman Strike (1894)
- In Re Debs
- Boss Tweed
- Thomas Nast
- Henry George
- Jacob Riis
- Edward Bellamy
- Settlement Movement
- Jane Addams
- Social Gospel
- Carry Nation
- Louis Sullivan
- Chicago School of Architecture
- William Lloyd Wright
- "Melting Pot" theory
- Emma Lazarus
- Pendleton Act (1885)
- Bland-Allison Act (1878)
- Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890)
- Panic of 1893
- Coxey's Army
- William Jennings Bryan
- Mark Hanna
- "Cross of Gold"
- Silver bugs
- Gold Bugs
Essays Questions:
- The farmers of the west and south felt in some ways similar to the workers in Eastern cities. How did the farmers' response differ from the response of workers in the east?
- Discuss the similarities between the Horatio Alger "rags to riches" attitude and the Social Darwinism of William Graham Sumner.
- Homer Plessy argued that his 13th and 14th amendment rights had been violated in Plessy vs. Ferguson. How did he feel that his rights had been violated? How were his 13th and 14th amendment rights violated? After this ruling, Plessy vs. Ferguson changes the course of racial history. How?
- Labor unions in the post-Reconstruction era became ever-present. Explain the invent of labor unions, their purpose, and major reforms they undertook and succeeded at. make sure to cite specific examples and evidences.