Standards

• SC.912.L.14.1 Describe the scientific theory of cells (cell theory) and relate the history of its discovery to the process of science.  

• explain the cell theory.   

• describe how continuous investigations and new scientific information influenced the development of the cell theory. 

• assess how contributions of scientists such as Van Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, 

• Schwann, Schleiden, and/or Virchow aided in the development of the cell theory   

• identify ways in which a scientific claim is evaluated (e.g., through scientific argumentation, critical and logical thinking, and consideration of alternative explanations). 

• identify what is science, what is not science, and what resembles but fails to meet the criteria for science. 

• explain the development of a theory. 

• explain the differences between theories and taws. 

• SC.912.L.14.3 Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 

• compare and contrast the structures found in plant cells and in animal cells. 

• compare and contrast the structures found in prokaryotic cells and in eukaryotic cells  

• describe how structures in cells are directly related to their function in the cell.   

• Prokaryotes: cell wail, cell membrane (plasma membrane), cytoplasm, plasmid, ribosomes, and flagella 

• Eukaryotes: cell wall, cell membrane (plasma membrane), cytoplasm, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, microfilaments, vacuoles, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, lysosomes, cilia, and flagella

• explain the role of the cell membrane during active and passive transport. 

• SC.912.L.14.2 Relate structure to function for the components of plant and animal cells. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (passive and active transport). 

• hypotonic, hypertonic, and/or isotonic solutions 

Vocabulary

1. 1. 1. Active Transport - Transport across a membrane against a gradient that requires energy 

      2. Aerobic - With Oxygen. In reference to Cellular Respiration it is more efficient at energy creation and happens in the Mitochondria

      3. Anaerobic - Without Oxygen. In reference to Cellular Respiration it is less efficient at energy creation and happens in the Cytoplasm

      4. Cell Membrane - Phospholipid Bilayer that regulates what comes in and out of the cell

      5. Cell Organelle - Tiny membrane bound structure that performs a life function in Eukaryotic cells

      6. Cell Theory - 1. All life is made of cells. 2. All cells come from preexisting cells. 3. A cell is the smallest unit of life

      7. Cell Wall - Rigid, Polysaccharide structure that surrounds the cell membrane of certain types of cells (Plant and Bacteria) that provides structure and protection

      8. Cellular Respiration - Breaking down of larger sugar molecules into small bundles of usable energy (ATP) 

      9. Chloroplast - Double membrane organelle where photosynthesis occurs

      10. Diffusion - Movement of materials across a cell membrane

      11. Endocytosis - Bringing in large amounts of material by wrapping the membrane around it and dragging it inward

      12. Endoplasmic Reticulum - Organelle that houses the ribosomes which create proteins

      13. Eukaryote - Cells that have a nucleus

      14. Exocytosis - Large amounts of material exiting the cell by wrapping it in membrane and allowing that membrane to reabsorb into the cell membrane and push material out

      15. Facilitated Diffusion - Diffusion across the membrane with the concentration gradient using a protein channel 

      16. Golgi Apparatus - Organelle that packages materials for export out of the cell

      17. Lipid Bilayer - Two layers of phospholipids with hydrophobic tails that face inward and hydrophobic heads that face outward

      18. Microscope - Used to examine small materials unobservable by the naked eye

      19. Mitochondria - Double membrane organelle where cellular respiration occurs

      20. Nucleus - Center of Eukaryotes where genetic information is stored

      21. Osmosis - Diffusion of water across the membrane. Goes with the gradient

      22. Passive Transport - Diffusion across the membrane with the gradient to maintain equilibrium

      23. Photosynthesis - Building of complex sugars to sore solar energy as chemical energy that the cell can later break down and access 

      24. Prokaryote - Cells that have no nucleus or organelles

      25. Ribosome - Small protein that creates other proteins

      26. Selectively Permeable - A membrane that only allows certain material in and out